"Amino Acid Substitutions: Effects on Protein Stability". In
... depends on the availability of a readily identifiable phenotype. For example, the enzyme b-galactosidase can be detected by its ability to cleave a bond between galactose and an indicator dye that changes colour when the bond is cleaved. Therefore the more stable the enzyme, the longer it remains act ...
... depends on the availability of a readily identifiable phenotype. For example, the enzyme b-galactosidase can be detected by its ability to cleave a bond between galactose and an indicator dye that changes colour when the bond is cleaved. Therefore the more stable the enzyme, the longer it remains act ...
Part I - Punjabi University
... 4. Transcription: Process in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Post transcriptional modifications. Transcription inhibitors. 5. Translation: Genetic code, protein biosynthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: initiation, elongation and termination, inhibitors of translation; co-translational and post-transl ...
... 4. Transcription: Process in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Post transcriptional modifications. Transcription inhibitors. 5. Translation: Genetic code, protein biosynthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes: initiation, elongation and termination, inhibitors of translation; co-translational and post-transl ...
Identification and Characterization of KLK-L4, a New Kallikrein
... kallikrein; kb, kilobase; KLK-L, kallikrein-like; EST, expressed sequence tag; RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; bp, base pair(s); RT, reverse transcription; TLSP, trypsin-like serine protease. This paper is available on line at http://www.jbc.org ...
... kallikrein; kb, kilobase; KLK-L, kallikrein-like; EST, expressed sequence tag; RACE, rapid amplification of cDNA ends; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; bp, base pair(s); RT, reverse transcription; TLSP, trypsin-like serine protease. This paper is available on line at http://www.jbc.org ...
dna replication
... • Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins – Bind to single stranded DNA to stabilize structure – RPA (replication protein A - in eukaryotes) ...
... • Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins – Bind to single stranded DNA to stabilize structure – RPA (replication protein A - in eukaryotes) ...
Chapter 9 .Metabolism of nucleotide
... The RNA produced by transcription are primary transcripts which have activities through processing. 1. Initiation (1) In prokaryote cells: ※ RNA polymerase holoenzyme (α2ββ’σ) initiates transcription. This involves recognition of the –10 sequence (Pribnow box) and –35 sequence, and then unwinds the ...
... The RNA produced by transcription are primary transcripts which have activities through processing. 1. Initiation (1) In prokaryote cells: ※ RNA polymerase holoenzyme (α2ββ’σ) initiates transcription. This involves recognition of the –10 sequence (Pribnow box) and –35 sequence, and then unwinds the ...
Functional recognition of fragmented operator sites
... translational repression by binding to an RNA secondary structure within the translational initiation region of the coliphage replicase gene (2). The most widely accepted model for translational repression by the coat protein suggests that the prevention of binary complex formation occurs by sequest ...
... translational repression by binding to an RNA secondary structure within the translational initiation region of the coliphage replicase gene (2). The most widely accepted model for translational repression by the coat protein suggests that the prevention of binary complex formation occurs by sequest ...
Proteins
... • It is hard to predict a protein’s conformation from its primary structure • Most proteins probably go through several states on their way to a stable conformation • Chaperonins are protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins ...
... • It is hard to predict a protein’s conformation from its primary structure • Most proteins probably go through several states on their way to a stable conformation • Chaperonins are protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins ...
Protein Building Blocks (PBBs): Toys for teaching the principles of
... Introduction. Natural proteins are made of 20 different amino acid building blocks, attached together in different sequences like beads on a string. These beads interact in different ways to cause the beads on a string to fold up into specific threedimensional structures. The shapes of these structu ...
... Introduction. Natural proteins are made of 20 different amino acid building blocks, attached together in different sequences like beads on a string. These beads interact in different ways to cause the beads on a string to fold up into specific threedimensional structures. The shapes of these structu ...
Document
... Unlike previous gene therapy tools that add or insert an exogenous DNA copy into the target cell nucleus or genome, which may give rise to side effects such as insertional mutations non‐physical expression of proteins, programmable nucleases use a ‘cut‐and‐paste’ strategy to remove the defect and in ...
... Unlike previous gene therapy tools that add or insert an exogenous DNA copy into the target cell nucleus or genome, which may give rise to side effects such as insertional mutations non‐physical expression of proteins, programmable nucleases use a ‘cut‐and‐paste’ strategy to remove the defect and in ...
RBT1, a novel transcriptional co-activator, binds the second subunit
... genes (7) suggesting that RPA may have a role in the regulation of transcription (8). Previous studies have demonstrated that ...
... genes (7) suggesting that RPA may have a role in the regulation of transcription (8). Previous studies have demonstrated that ...
Reconstructing phylogenetic trees for protein superfamilies
... Light-blue positions are variable across subfamilies – but can be very conserved within subfamilies. These are the hallmarks of binding pockets determining substrate specificity. ...
... Light-blue positions are variable across subfamilies – but can be very conserved within subfamilies. These are the hallmarks of binding pockets determining substrate specificity. ...
Text S1.
... potentially encodes a 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthetase. The arrangement of APK and ATPS catalytic domains into one fusion protein appears to be conserved in heterokonts, metazoans and choanozoans [18], and it also resembles the organization of bacterial orthologs encoded by t ...
... potentially encodes a 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthetase. The arrangement of APK and ATPS catalytic domains into one fusion protein appears to be conserved in heterokonts, metazoans and choanozoans [18], and it also resembles the organization of bacterial orthologs encoded by t ...
Poster - Protein Information Resource
... have accurate, consistent, and rich annotation of protein sequence and function. Relevant to this goal are the literature-based curation and development and adoption of ontologies and controlled vocabularies. • Literature-Based Curation – Extract Reliable Information from Literature • Protein proper ...
... have accurate, consistent, and rich annotation of protein sequence and function. Relevant to this goal are the literature-based curation and development and adoption of ontologies and controlled vocabularies. • Literature-Based Curation – Extract Reliable Information from Literature • Protein proper ...
Metabolism of Macromolecules in Bacteria Treated
... Action of virginiamycin on growth and viability of Bacillus subtilis. Growth curves of Bacillus subtilis I 68/2 with increasing amounts of a single virginiamycin component are reported in Fig. 2. Factor S was more active than factor M, on a weight basis. Mixing the two virginiamycin components poten ...
... Action of virginiamycin on growth and viability of Bacillus subtilis. Growth curves of Bacillus subtilis I 68/2 with increasing amounts of a single virginiamycin component are reported in Fig. 2. Factor S was more active than factor M, on a weight basis. Mixing the two virginiamycin components poten ...
Identification of the Missing Links in Prokaryotic Pentose Oxidation
... Pentose sugars are a ubiquitous class of carbohydrates with diverse biological functions. Ribose and deoxyribose are major constituents of nucleic acids, whereas arabinose and xylose are building blocks of several plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many prokaryotes, as well as yeasts and fungi, are ab ...
... Pentose sugars are a ubiquitous class of carbohydrates with diverse biological functions. Ribose and deoxyribose are major constituents of nucleic acids, whereas arabinose and xylose are building blocks of several plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many prokaryotes, as well as yeasts and fungi, are ab ...
Proteins
... nucleotide precursors/monomers •[ Lipids: non-covalent forces maintain interactions between lipid monomers] ...
... nucleotide precursors/monomers •[ Lipids: non-covalent forces maintain interactions between lipid monomers] ...
Chapter 5 - Richsingiser.com
... Apparently Different Proteins May Share a Common Ancestry • Evolutionary relatedness can be inferred from sequence homology • Consider lysozyme and human milk α-lactalbumin • These proteins are identical at 48 positions (out of 129 in lysozyme and 123 in human milk α-lactalbumin • Functions of thes ...
... Apparently Different Proteins May Share a Common Ancestry • Evolutionary relatedness can be inferred from sequence homology • Consider lysozyme and human milk α-lactalbumin • These proteins are identical at 48 positions (out of 129 in lysozyme and 123 in human milk α-lactalbumin • Functions of thes ...
Tsui, S, Dai, T, Warren, ST and Yen, P: Association of the mouse infertility factor DAZL1 with actively translating polyribosomes. Biology of Reproduction 62:1655-1660 (2000).
... presence of increasing amounts of salt, the binding of DAZ and DAZL1 to poly U persisted, whereas the binding to poly G diminished, suggesting that DAZ and DAZL1 bind more strongly to poly U (Fig. 1b). These results verified the RNA-binding properties of DAZ and DAZL1. However, the biological signif ...
... presence of increasing amounts of salt, the binding of DAZ and DAZL1 to poly U persisted, whereas the binding to poly G diminished, suggesting that DAZ and DAZL1 bind more strongly to poly U (Fig. 1b). These results verified the RNA-binding properties of DAZ and DAZL1. However, the biological signif ...
Chapter summaries
... 3. The charged properties result from the presence of amino and carboxyl groups and lead to solubility in water, an ability to act as electrolytes, a crystalline appearance and high melting points. 4. Of the twenty amino acids found in proteins 19 have a common structure based around a central carbo ...
... 3. The charged properties result from the presence of amino and carboxyl groups and lead to solubility in water, an ability to act as electrolytes, a crystalline appearance and high melting points. 4. Of the twenty amino acids found in proteins 19 have a common structure based around a central carbo ...
Transcript I
... The reason for all the intermediates is because several different kinds of enzymes that are considered to be oxidases (oxygen-adding) are involved in this process. In addition we need NADPH (obtained from pentose shunt pathway) to be a source of electrons that is needed for the synthesis of these pa ...
... The reason for all the intermediates is because several different kinds of enzymes that are considered to be oxidases (oxygen-adding) are involved in this process. In addition we need NADPH (obtained from pentose shunt pathway) to be a source of electrons that is needed for the synthesis of these pa ...
Supplemental Material 1 Simultaneous isolation of mRNA, miRNA
... To better understand the biological function and/or diseases that were most relevant to the data sets and facilitate understanding beyond a functional link to intracranial aneurysms (IA), ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to compare different types of cellular interactions, including gene-ge ...
... To better understand the biological function and/or diseases that were most relevant to the data sets and facilitate understanding beyond a functional link to intracranial aneurysms (IA), ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to compare different types of cellular interactions, including gene-ge ...
1-Tubulin mRNAs Are Specified by the First 13
... after the first nucleotide of a tubulin codon created in-frame fusions with the truncated tk gene.) To form the final plasmids, replicative-form DNA from appropriate M13 deletions was cleaved with EcoRI at the EcoRI site in the 3'-flanking region of tk. The DNA was blunted with Klenow, cleaved with ...
... after the first nucleotide of a tubulin codon created in-frame fusions with the truncated tk gene.) To form the final plasmids, replicative-form DNA from appropriate M13 deletions was cleaved with EcoRI at the EcoRI site in the 3'-flanking region of tk. The DNA was blunted with Klenow, cleaved with ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.