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Nucleic Acid AptamerssFrom Selection in Vitro to Applications in Vivo
Nucleic Acid AptamerssFrom Selection in Vitro to Applications in Vivo

... or optimization. With peptide, protein, or antibody fragment libraries, this is most easily and logically achieved by approaches such as displaying peptides, proteins, or antibody fragments on phage and cell surfaces, which convert the amino acid sequence into genetic information that can be amplifi ...
From DNA sequence to application: possibilities and
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... sequences.Comparison of the complete nucleotide sequencesof several LAB bacteriophages has revealed that their chromosomeshave a fixed, modular structure, each module having a set of genesinvolved in a specific phase of the bacteriophage life cycle. LAB bacteriophage genesand DNA sequenceshave been ...
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Gene expression



Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.
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