Ch. 2 OLC questions
... The correct answer is a—Pakicetus A. Answer a is correct. The fossil of Pakicetus showed that it was a four-legged mammal that may have lived on land, also spending time in the sea, but had already evolved a whale-like skull. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. Archaeopteryx is an int ...
... The correct answer is a—Pakicetus A. Answer a is correct. The fossil of Pakicetus showed that it was a four-legged mammal that may have lived on land, also spending time in the sea, but had already evolved a whale-like skull. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. Archaeopteryx is an int ...
the biology of speciation
... The majority of the factors that we have to discuss are environmental, and we might therefore speak of an “ecology of speciation.” However, since we have to include the internal factors (mutability), as well as factors that involve behavior patterns, such as crossability, sexual isolation, pair form ...
... The majority of the factors that we have to discuss are environmental, and we might therefore speak of an “ecology of speciation.” However, since we have to include the internal factors (mutability), as well as factors that involve behavior patterns, such as crossability, sexual isolation, pair form ...
Ecological speciation - Nosil Lab of Evolutionary Biology
... Ecological processes are central to the formation of new species when barriers to gene flow (reproductive isolation) evolve between populations as a result of ecologically-based divergent selection. Although laboratory and field studies provide evidence that Ôecological speciationÕ can occur, our un ...
... Ecological processes are central to the formation of new species when barriers to gene flow (reproductive isolation) evolve between populations as a result of ecologically-based divergent selection. Although laboratory and field studies provide evidence that Ôecological speciationÕ can occur, our un ...
Cambrian “Explosion,”
... Chengjiang fossil beds, then this period of diversication in animal body plans appears to have lasted about 20 million years. However, not all living animal phyla with a fossil record rst appear within this time window. The colonial skeleton-bearing bryozoans, for example, are not known from the f ...
... Chengjiang fossil beds, then this period of diversication in animal body plans appears to have lasted about 20 million years. However, not all living animal phyla with a fossil record rst appear within this time window. The colonial skeleton-bearing bryozoans, for example, are not known from the f ...
The Fossil Record of the Cambrian “Explosion”: Resolving the Tree
... If the Cambrian “explosion” is understood to comprise the time from the base of the Cambrian to the Chengjiang fossil beds, then this period of diversification in animal body plans appears to have lasted about 20 million years. However, not all living animal phyla with a fossil record first appear w ...
... If the Cambrian “explosion” is understood to comprise the time from the base of the Cambrian to the Chengjiang fossil beds, then this period of diversification in animal body plans appears to have lasted about 20 million years. However, not all living animal phyla with a fossil record first appear w ...
Reprint
... overcoming internal lifespan and reproductive limitations are discussed further below. Aging and reproductive maturity. We can also all agree with Medawar’s proposal that internal factors that caused even very slight degradation in survival or reproductive fitness prior to the age at which the parti ...
... overcoming internal lifespan and reproductive limitations are discussed further below. Aging and reproductive maturity. We can also all agree with Medawar’s proposal that internal factors that caused even very slight degradation in survival or reproductive fitness prior to the age at which the parti ...
Determining selection across heterogeneous
... framework. The former accounts for standing variation in trait values and can be used to answer questions about the rate of evolutionary change and the degree of spatial variation of trait values within species caused by limited gene flow. These questions have already been touched upon by Kirkpatric ...
... framework. The former accounts for standing variation in trait values and can be used to answer questions about the rate of evolutionary change and the degree of spatial variation of trait values within species caused by limited gene flow. These questions have already been touched upon by Kirkpatric ...
The Adaptive Radiation of Cichlid Fish in Lake Tanganyika: A
... which are highly diverse in terms of morphology, behaviour, and ecology. Lake Tanganyika’s cichlid diversity has evolved through explosive speciation and is treated as a textbook example of adaptive radiation, the rapid differentiation of a single ancestor into an array of species that differ in trait ...
... which are highly diverse in terms of morphology, behaviour, and ecology. Lake Tanganyika’s cichlid diversity has evolved through explosive speciation and is treated as a textbook example of adaptive radiation, the rapid differentiation of a single ancestor into an array of species that differ in trait ...
pollination syndromes and floral specialization
... floral generalization as evolutionary vectors when we find examples of intermediate ecological specialization. Perhaps most north temperate plants are visited and pollinated by a wide variety of animals, and are hence to some degree ecologically generalized. Over half of the plant species in Roberts ...
... floral generalization as evolutionary vectors when we find examples of intermediate ecological specialization. Perhaps most north temperate plants are visited and pollinated by a wide variety of animals, and are hence to some degree ecologically generalized. Over half of the plant species in Roberts ...
Shift happens! Shifting balance and the evolution of diversity
... that matter). Chromosomal rearrangements, however, accord with this model, since chromosomal heterozygotes often produce gametes containing deleterious duplications or deletions of genetic material. Peak shift by genetic drift, followed by spread to other populations (Fig. 2), has therefore seemed a ...
... that matter). Chromosomal rearrangements, however, accord with this model, since chromosomal heterozygotes often produce gametes containing deleterious duplications or deletions of genetic material. Peak shift by genetic drift, followed by spread to other populations (Fig. 2), has therefore seemed a ...
feature theory and the two-step hypothesis of m ¨ullerian mimicry
... senses other than vision, such as olfaction and audition (Rowe and Guilford 2001). Considering a complex prey phenotype with components that are controlled by separate genetic loci, it is unlikely that large mutations would occur in two or more of these loci simultaneously and establish sufficient s ...
... senses other than vision, such as olfaction and audition (Rowe and Guilford 2001). Considering a complex prey phenotype with components that are controlled by separate genetic loci, it is unlikely that large mutations would occur in two or more of these loci simultaneously and establish sufficient s ...
The dynamical theory of coevolution
... externally driven environments thus are special cases within the broader coevolutionary perspective. Maximization concepts, already debatable in the former context, are insufficient in the context of coevolution (Emlen 1987; Lewontin 1979, 1987). 2. A proper mathematical theory of evolution should be ...
... externally driven environments thus are special cases within the broader coevolutionary perspective. Maximization concepts, already debatable in the former context, are insufficient in the context of coevolution (Emlen 1987; Lewontin 1979, 1987). 2. A proper mathematical theory of evolution should be ...
Stewart_Kathryn_A_201302_PhD - QSpace
... divergent between Eastern and Interior allopatric populations and show asymmetrical reproductive character displacement in sympatry. Female preference of pure lineage individuals is also exaggerated in sympatry, with hybrids showing intermediate traits and preference. I suggest that these patterns a ...
... divergent between Eastern and Interior allopatric populations and show asymmetrical reproductive character displacement in sympatry. Female preference of pure lineage individuals is also exaggerated in sympatry, with hybrids showing intermediate traits and preference. I suggest that these patterns a ...
Niche construction in evolutionary theory: the construction
... similarity) mediates the greater representation of ecologically successful variants in subsequent ...
... similarity) mediates the greater representation of ecologically successful variants in subsequent ...
Reprint
... (Devaux and Lande 2008; Flaxman et al. 2014). Eventually, a combination of different isolation mechanisms often leads to an almost complete separation even between closely related groups (e.g., Ramsey et al. 2003), which consequently may be accompanied by a divergence in neutral genetic variation. H ...
... (Devaux and Lande 2008; Flaxman et al. 2014). Eventually, a combination of different isolation mechanisms often leads to an almost complete separation even between closely related groups (e.g., Ramsey et al. 2003), which consequently may be accompanied by a divergence in neutral genetic variation. H ...
Mrs. Whitecar CMS 7 th grade Ch 12 TEST: Adaptations over time
... 25. Primates have a(n) ____________________ thumb that allows them to reach and grasp. (opposable or fifth) 26. ____________________ were humanlike primates who walked upright on two legs and ate plants and animals. (Hominids or Chimps) 27. The earliest known hominid is _________________________. (A ...
... 25. Primates have a(n) ____________________ thumb that allows them to reach and grasp. (opposable or fifth) 26. ____________________ were humanlike primates who walked upright on two legs and ate plants and animals. (Hominids or Chimps) 27. The earliest known hominid is _________________________. (A ...
Ecological opportunity and the adaptive
... of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not currently present in the community. Niche availability refers to the ability of a population with a phenotype previously abs ...
... of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not currently present in the community. Niche availability refers to the ability of a population with a phenotype previously abs ...
nosil vines funk 2005 evolution
... that studying one may possibly provide no insight on the other and the contributions of each must be independently assessed. Such independent assessments of habitat isolation and immigrant inviability will facilitate study of the important evolutionary interactions between them that are discussed la ...
... that studying one may possibly provide no insight on the other and the contributions of each must be independently assessed. Such independent assessments of habitat isolation and immigrant inviability will facilitate study of the important evolutionary interactions between them that are discussed la ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
... To determine the evolutionary history of alternative developmental strategies (Fig. 1), whether one strategy represents a widespread, potentially ancestral, condition or whether the alternatives are used intermittently throughout the anole radiation, we mapped the three models of shape dimorphism on ...
... To determine the evolutionary history of alternative developmental strategies (Fig. 1), whether one strategy represents a widespread, potentially ancestral, condition or whether the alternatives are used intermittently throughout the anole radiation, we mapped the three models of shape dimorphism on ...
Testing the island effect in adaptive radiation: rates
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
Testing the island effect in adaptive radiation: rates and patterns of
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
... To determine the evolutionary history of alternative developmental strategies (Fig. 1), whether one strategy represents a widespread, potentially ancestral, condition or whether the alternatives are used intermittently throughout the anole radiation, we mapped the three models of shape dimorphism on ...
... To determine the evolutionary history of alternative developmental strategies (Fig. 1), whether one strategy represents a widespread, potentially ancestral, condition or whether the alternatives are used intermittently throughout the anole radiation, we mapped the three models of shape dimorphism on ...
The evolution of predator-prey interactions: Theory and evidence
... of the potential dynamics of one or more traits in one or both species through time. Because the genetics of such traits are generally largely or completely unknown, most recent models have adopted approaches that are largely phenotypically based. Here, no restrictions are placed on the values of th ...
... of the potential dynamics of one or more traits in one or both species through time. Because the genetics of such traits are generally largely or completely unknown, most recent models have adopted approaches that are largely phenotypically based. Here, no restrictions are placed on the values of th ...
Margulis L - Jason G. Goldman
... 2011 at her home in Amherst, Massachusetts, at age 73, was no stranger to controversy. Margulis was born in 1938 in Chicago, Illinois. At the young age of 14, she enrolled in the University of Chicago, and graduated in 1957. She earned a master’s in genetics and zoology at the University of Wisconsi ...
... 2011 at her home in Amherst, Massachusetts, at age 73, was no stranger to controversy. Margulis was born in 1938 in Chicago, Illinois. At the young age of 14, she enrolled in the University of Chicago, and graduated in 1957. She earned a master’s in genetics and zoology at the University of Wisconsi ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.