EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS OF MUTUALISM: THE ROLE OF
... across mutualisms, as well as persistent across time (Machado et al. 1996; Després and Jaeger 1999; Pellmyr and Leebens-Mack 1999; Currie et al. 2003), additional study is required to explain the surprising frequency of mutualist-exploiter associations, especially incorporating coevolution of exploi ...
... across mutualisms, as well as persistent across time (Machado et al. 1996; Després and Jaeger 1999; Pellmyr and Leebens-Mack 1999; Currie et al. 2003), additional study is required to explain the surprising frequency of mutualist-exploiter associations, especially incorporating coevolution of exploi ...
Adaptive speciation when assortative mating is
... Similarly, the parameter l was fixed at 0.001 for most results. For the numbers of loci considered here, this value ensures reasonable per trait mutation rates. For example, if the ecological trait is determined by five loci in the above model, then in each generation, fewer than one in a hundred of ...
... Similarly, the parameter l was fixed at 0.001 for most results. For the numbers of loci considered here, this value ensures reasonable per trait mutation rates. For example, if the ecological trait is determined by five loci in the above model, then in each generation, fewer than one in a hundred of ...
PDF copy - Integrative Biology - University of California, Berkeley
... a descent angle less than 45◦ relative to horizontal, and the latter with a descent angle greater than 45◦ (Oliver 1951). These definitions assume steady-state conditions of a constant speed and orientation of the body in the air, as well as the equilibrium of forces. However, such a discrete charact ...
... a descent angle less than 45◦ relative to horizontal, and the latter with a descent angle greater than 45◦ (Oliver 1951). These definitions assume steady-state conditions of a constant speed and orientation of the body in the air, as well as the equilibrium of forces. However, such a discrete charact ...
Nabokov, Teleology, and Insect Mimicry
... Although Vladimir Nabokov may be better known for his outstanding literary achievements, he also had gift for science. While acting as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology in the 1940s, he became an expert on a group of butterflies popularly known as "Blues." He named one species and s ...
... Although Vladimir Nabokov may be better known for his outstanding literary achievements, he also had gift for science. While acting as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology in the 1940s, he became an expert on a group of butterflies popularly known as "Blues." He named one species and s ...
Reliable Computation of Equilibrium States and Bifurcations in
... parts of more complex ones, analytic techniques and isocline analysis may be useful. However, for more complex problems, numerical continuation methods are the predominant computational tools, with packages such as AUTO (Doedel et al., 2002), MATCONT (Dhooge et al., 2003) and others being particula ...
... parts of more complex ones, analytic techniques and isocline analysis may be useful. However, for more complex problems, numerical continuation methods are the predominant computational tools, with packages such as AUTO (Doedel et al., 2002), MATCONT (Dhooge et al., 2003) and others being particula ...
Adaptive Radiation: The Interaction of Ecological Opportunity
... Darwin may have been the first to describe adaptive radiation when, contemplating the variety of finches that now bear his name, he remarked: “Seeing this gradation and diversity of structure in one small, intimately related group of birds, one might really fancy that from an original paucity of bir ...
... Darwin may have been the first to describe adaptive radiation when, contemplating the variety of finches that now bear his name, he remarked: “Seeing this gradation and diversity of structure in one small, intimately related group of birds, one might really fancy that from an original paucity of bir ...
What can be learnt from a snail?
... a regional component, and being influenced by both selection and genetic drift (Ekendahl and Johannesson 1997; Johannesson and Ekendahl 2002). Genetic structure of L. saxatilis What is, perhaps, most surprising with the division into crab and wave ecotypes of L. saxatilis in Spain, Sweden and the UK ...
... a regional component, and being influenced by both selection and genetic drift (Ekendahl and Johannesson 1997; Johannesson and Ekendahl 2002). Genetic structure of L. saxatilis What is, perhaps, most surprising with the division into crab and wave ecotypes of L. saxatilis in Spain, Sweden and the UK ...
Curriculum Vitae - FCUL - Universidade de Lisboa
... 50. Magalhães S. and Bakker F. M. (2002) Plant feeding by a predatory mite inhabiting cassava. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 27: 27-37. 51. Janssen A., Faraji F., van der Hammen T., Magalhães S. and Sabelis M. W. (2002) ...
... 50. Magalhães S. and Bakker F. M. (2002) Plant feeding by a predatory mite inhabiting cassava. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 27: 27-37. 51. Janssen A., Faraji F., van der Hammen T., Magalhães S. and Sabelis M. W. (2002) ...
May 2013
... Speaking of birds, another story on Science Daily and Live Science claims that a bird that “lived after the time of dinosaurs” is the ancestor of hummingbirds and swifts: the analyses“ suggest that the bird was an evolutionary precursor to the group that includes today’s swifts and hummingbirds.” Th ...
... Speaking of birds, another story on Science Daily and Live Science claims that a bird that “lived after the time of dinosaurs” is the ancestor of hummingbirds and swifts: the analyses“ suggest that the bird was an evolutionary precursor to the group that includes today’s swifts and hummingbirds.” Th ...
How do generalist consumers coexist over evolutionary time? An
... consumer fitness. In the current article, we demonstrate that an interaction between resource nutritional interaction and resource acquisition tradeoff shape can allow for the evolutionarily stable coexistence of generalists. We analyze a simple consumerresource model with a flexible tradeoff functi ...
... consumer fitness. In the current article, we demonstrate that an interaction between resource nutritional interaction and resource acquisition tradeoff shape can allow for the evolutionarily stable coexistence of generalists. We analyze a simple consumerresource model with a flexible tradeoff functi ...
Ecology and Evolution 5(1)
... of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not currently present in the community. Niche availability refers to the ability of a population with a phenotype previously abs ...
... of both abiotic conditions and interspecific interactions experienced within the community. We use the term “new phenotype” to refer to a population possessing a phenotype not currently present in the community. Niche availability refers to the ability of a population with a phenotype previously abs ...
Evolutionary Dynamics of Nitrogen Fixation in the Legume–Rhizobia
... reflect real-world phenomena [20–27]. Interestingly, the continuous snowdrift game permits an evolutionary process in which completely non-productive cheaters coexist with cooperators making maximum investment [23]. This evidence provides insight into the evolutionary origin of ineffective symbionts ...
... reflect real-world phenomena [20–27]. Interestingly, the continuous snowdrift game permits an evolutionary process in which completely non-productive cheaters coexist with cooperators making maximum investment [23]. This evidence provides insight into the evolutionary origin of ineffective symbionts ...
Coyne et al 1997 Evolution 51:643
... valleys clearly exist, there is little evidence for the assumption that movement between peaks involves a temporary loss of fitness; (3) although phases I and II of the theory may be at least theoretically plausible, there is little theoretical support for phase III of the shifting balance, in which ...
... valleys clearly exist, there is little evidence for the assumption that movement between peaks involves a temporary loss of fitness; (3) although phases I and II of the theory may be at least theoretically plausible, there is little theoretical support for phase III of the shifting balance, in which ...
Aspects of Ecology and Adaptation with an Emphasis on hominoid
... information to be conjoined towards the end of devising a bigger, clearer picture of things past - such as is the quest of palaeoanthropologists and palaeoprimatologists alike. This thesis will endeavor to reveal the tremendous and varied insights the science of ecology can provide in relation to th ...
... information to be conjoined towards the end of devising a bigger, clearer picture of things past - such as is the quest of palaeoanthropologists and palaeoprimatologists alike. This thesis will endeavor to reveal the tremendous and varied insights the science of ecology can provide in relation to th ...
Fishman et al. 2013 - College of Humanities and Sciences
... different chromosomes near translocation breakpoints (Livingstone et al. 2000), and the region of recombination suppression may extend well beyond the breakpoints (e.g. Stevison et al. 2011). Hybrid mapping has the advantage of directly estimating the effects of rearrangements on heterokaryotype rec ...
... different chromosomes near translocation breakpoints (Livingstone et al. 2000), and the region of recombination suppression may extend well beyond the breakpoints (e.g. Stevison et al. 2011). Hybrid mapping has the advantage of directly estimating the effects of rearrangements on heterokaryotype rec ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Chromosomal rearrangements may directly cause hybrid sterility and can facilitate speciation by preserving local adaptation in the face of gene flow. We used comparative linkage mapping with shared gene-based markers to identify potential chromosomal rearrangements between the sister monkeyflowers M ...
... Chromosomal rearrangements may directly cause hybrid sterility and can facilitate speciation by preserving local adaptation in the face of gene flow. We used comparative linkage mapping with shared gene-based markers to identify potential chromosomal rearrangements between the sister monkeyflowers M ...
Conditions for sympatric speciation
... Three types of genes have been proposed to promote sympatric speciation: habitat preference genes, assortative mating genes and habitat-based fitness genes. Previous computer models have analysed these genes separately or in pairs. In this paper we describe a multilocus model in which genes of all t ...
... Three types of genes have been proposed to promote sympatric speciation: habitat preference genes, assortative mating genes and habitat-based fitness genes. Previous computer models have analysed these genes separately or in pairs. In this paper we describe a multilocus model in which genes of all t ...
Evolution Exam
... 7. In his Essay on the Principle of Population, Malthus said humans were the only population that could continue to grow in size indefinitely. ...
... 7. In his Essay on the Principle of Population, Malthus said humans were the only population that could continue to grow in size indefinitely. ...
UN1001 Discussion Questions
... 2. Futuyma argues that if scientists rejected the principle of uniformitarianism, they would no longer be able to do science. What is his argument for this conclusion? Do you agree with it? Why or why not? 3. According to Futuyma, what aspects of the fossil record support evolution? Why does he beli ...
... 2. Futuyma argues that if scientists rejected the principle of uniformitarianism, they would no longer be able to do science. What is his argument for this conclusion? Do you agree with it? Why or why not? 3. According to Futuyma, what aspects of the fossil record support evolution? Why does he beli ...
The struggle for existence. How the notion of carrying capacity, K
... genetics, Ronald A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright, based theories of natural selection on demography, but generalized their evolutionary models almost exclusively in terms of gene frequencies within species. As a result, today's textbooks treat population ecology and evolution by natural ...
... genetics, Ronald A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright, based theories of natural selection on demography, but generalized their evolutionary models almost exclusively in terms of gene frequencies within species. As a result, today's textbooks treat population ecology and evolution by natural ...
Descended from Darwin
... no American researchers “working on evolution for its own sake” during this period.2 For those historians who write about the time between T. H. Huxley and Julian Huxley, the era of the eclipse of Darwin was a time of great upheaval, and Darwinism was, at best, just one of a number of competing theo ...
... no American researchers “working on evolution for its own sake” during this period.2 For those historians who write about the time between T. H. Huxley and Julian Huxley, the era of the eclipse of Darwin was a time of great upheaval, and Darwinism was, at best, just one of a number of competing theo ...
Investigation of sympatric speciation as the outcome of competition
... obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a hi ...
... obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my thesis. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a hi ...
Evolution - Free
... by established naturalists as speculation lacking empirical support. In particular, Georges Cuvier insisted that species were unrelated and fixed, their similarities reflecting divine design for functional needs. In the meantime, Ray’s ideas of benevolent design had been developed by William Paley int ...
... by established naturalists as speculation lacking empirical support. In particular, Georges Cuvier insisted that species were unrelated and fixed, their similarities reflecting divine design for functional needs. In the meantime, Ray’s ideas of benevolent design had been developed by William Paley int ...
Homology and Heterochrony
... An important critique of recapitulation stemmed from the work of the marine biologist Walter Garstang (1868–1949), who coined the term ‘paedomorphosis’. Garstang wrote only a few papers on this issue, which did not attract wide recognition in his life-time, but his ideas prove to be important for th ...
... An important critique of recapitulation stemmed from the work of the marine biologist Walter Garstang (1868–1949), who coined the term ‘paedomorphosis’. Garstang wrote only a few papers on this issue, which did not attract wide recognition in his life-time, but his ideas prove to be important for th ...
Ch. 2 OLC questions
... The correct answer is a—Pakicetus A. Answer a is correct. The fossil of Pakicetus showed that it was a four-legged mammal that may have lived on land, also spending time in the sea, but had already evolved a whale-like skull. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. Archaeopteryx is an int ...
... The correct answer is a—Pakicetus A. Answer a is correct. The fossil of Pakicetus showed that it was a four-legged mammal that may have lived on land, also spending time in the sea, but had already evolved a whale-like skull. The correct answer is a— B. Answer b is incorrect. Archaeopteryx is an int ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.