Neutral Evolution and Aesthetics
... done through misinterpretation or by making use of a chance analogy. In this view, when activity involves both directionality and originality it is intentional, which, in this analysis of Nabokov's work, is used synonymously with artistic and telic. The mechanisms behind insect mimicry resonated dee ...
... done through misinterpretation or by making use of a chance analogy. In this view, when activity involves both directionality and originality it is intentional, which, in this analysis of Nabokov's work, is used synonymously with artistic and telic. The mechanisms behind insect mimicry resonated dee ...
Evolution of Preferences - Northwestern University
... also studied general preference evolution with no observability. 5. While Ok and Vega-Redondo (2001) do not directly allow for different assumptions on observability, some aspects of those differences can be seen through variations in their matching technology. They use this to argue that preference ...
... also studied general preference evolution with no observability. 5. While Ok and Vega-Redondo (2001) do not directly allow for different assumptions on observability, some aspects of those differences can be seen through variations in their matching technology. They use this to argue that preference ...
Ecological Opportunity and Adaptive Radiation
... used by competing taxa” (Schluter 2000, p. 69), has long been thought to be an important—perhaps necessary—prerequisite for adaptive radiation. This view can be traced back to Darwin and was canonized by Simpson (1953); more recently, Schluter (2000) highlighted it as the centerpiece of understandin ...
... used by competing taxa” (Schluter 2000, p. 69), has long been thought to be an important—perhaps necessary—prerequisite for adaptive radiation. This view can be traced back to Darwin and was canonized by Simpson (1953); more recently, Schluter (2000) highlighted it as the centerpiece of understandin ...
Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations
... assess theoretical and empirical evidence for these effects of ecological opportunity and review emerging phylogenetic approaches that attempt to detect the signature of ecological opportunity across geological time. Finally, we evaluate the evidence for the evolutionary effects of ecological opport ...
... assess theoretical and empirical evidence for these effects of ecological opportunity and review emerging phylogenetic approaches that attempt to detect the signature of ecological opportunity across geological time. Finally, we evaluate the evidence for the evolutionary effects of ecological opport ...
Stephen E - lundslaktare
... investigation toward a hunt for evidence in support of this hypothesis." (Campbell, Reece & Mitchell, 1999, p.14). Yet evolutionists have in fact operated with only a single hypothesis, namely naturalism, and so have ruled out in advance all forms of supernatural creation, intervention, guidance an ...
... investigation toward a hunt for evidence in support of this hypothesis." (Campbell, Reece & Mitchell, 1999, p.14). Yet evolutionists have in fact operated with only a single hypothesis, namely naturalism, and so have ruled out in advance all forms of supernatural creation, intervention, guidance an ...
paper
... and formal theory that explores the ramifications of niche construction for evolutionary biology (Odling-Smee 1988; Laland et al. 1996, 1999; Odling-Smee et al. 2003; Laland and Sterelny 2006; Silver and DiPaolo 2006; Lehmann 2008; Van Dyken and Wade (2012)), and for related disciplines (Boni and Fe ...
... and formal theory that explores the ramifications of niche construction for evolutionary biology (Odling-Smee 1988; Laland et al. 1996, 1999; Odling-Smee et al. 2003; Laland and Sterelny 2006; Silver and DiPaolo 2006; Lehmann 2008; Van Dyken and Wade (2012)), and for related disciplines (Boni and Fe ...
Introduction
... converge in a population as evolution progressed The resulting lack of variation in the population would give natural selection nothing to act on, so evolution would stall ...
... converge in a population as evolution progressed The resulting lack of variation in the population would give natural selection nothing to act on, so evolution would stall ...
Mallet (2012) "The struggle..."
... in evolution? These questions may seem somewhat trivial to a mathematical biologist, but both have been subject to extensive discussion over the last century or so. Related debates were about ‘r-’ versus ‘K-selection’, and its relevance for life-history strategies in what is broadly considered part ...
... in evolution? These questions may seem somewhat trivial to a mathematical biologist, but both have been subject to extensive discussion over the last century or so. Related debates were about ‘r-’ versus ‘K-selection’, and its relevance for life-history strategies in what is broadly considered part ...
Evolution of reproductive isolation in plants
... speciation and much has been learned in recent years about the ecology and underlying genetics of reproductive barriers. But plant species are typically isolated not by a single factor, but by a large number of different pre- and postzygotic barriers, and their potentially complex interactions. This ...
... speciation and much has been learned in recent years about the ecology and underlying genetics of reproductive barriers. But plant species are typically isolated not by a single factor, but by a large number of different pre- and postzygotic barriers, and their potentially complex interactions. This ...
The existence of species rests on a metastable
... crosses and of hybrids might have been slowly acquired through the natural selection of slightly lessened degrees of fertility” found in chapter IX of the editions of The Origin after 1866. As for myself, I contend that, if there is so much speciation, i.e. mechanisms, be they genetic or not, causin ...
... crosses and of hybrids might have been slowly acquired through the natural selection of slightly lessened degrees of fertility” found in chapter IX of the editions of The Origin after 1866. As for myself, I contend that, if there is so much speciation, i.e. mechanisms, be they genetic or not, causin ...
Richardson and Chipman 2003
... define developmental constraints, and how to formulate them as testable hypotheses. Furthermore, concepts such as constraint-breaking, universal constraints, and forbidden morphologies present some conceptual difficulties. One of our aims is to clarify these issues. After briefly reviewing current c ...
... define developmental constraints, and how to formulate them as testable hypotheses. Furthermore, concepts such as constraint-breaking, universal constraints, and forbidden morphologies present some conceptual difficulties. One of our aims is to clarify these issues. After briefly reviewing current c ...
A stoichiometric exception to the competitive exclusion principle.
... The competitive exclusion principle, one of the oldest and most intriguing paradigms in community ecology, states that at most n species can coexist on n resources (Volterra, 1926; Gause, 1934; Hardin, 1960; MacArthur & Levins, 1964; Levin, 1970). The principle relates to one of the central problems ...
... The competitive exclusion principle, one of the oldest and most intriguing paradigms in community ecology, states that at most n species can coexist on n resources (Volterra, 1926; Gause, 1934; Hardin, 1960; MacArthur & Levins, 1964; Levin, 1970). The principle relates to one of the central problems ...
Ecological explanations for (incomplete) speciation
... selection often initiates the process of speciation, it often fails to complete it. Several time-based, geographic and genetic factors have been recognized to explain this variability in how far speciation proceeds. We review here recent evidence indicating that variability in the completeness of sp ...
... selection often initiates the process of speciation, it often fails to complete it. Several time-based, geographic and genetic factors have been recognized to explain this variability in how far speciation proceeds. We review here recent evidence indicating that variability in the completeness of sp ...
Live Where You Thrive: Joint Evolution of Habitat Choice and Local
... classical asexual dispersal-selection models comprise three steps: mixing and dispersal between two different habitats, selection within habitats, and density regulation. By definition of these models, selection is phenotype-dependent and density-independent, whereas density regulation is density-de ...
... classical asexual dispersal-selection models comprise three steps: mixing and dispersal between two different habitats, selection within habitats, and density regulation. By definition of these models, selection is phenotype-dependent and density-independent, whereas density regulation is density-de ...
Regarding the Confusion between the Population Concept and
... (i.e., populations) that Heincke had discovered. This was indeed one of his lessons, but it is not the population thinking part of what Heincke did. This is because in Mayr’s meaning of “population thinking,” reality belongs to the individuals being studied (i.e., Heincke’s individual fish) not to t ...
... (i.e., populations) that Heincke had discovered. This was indeed one of his lessons, but it is not the population thinking part of what Heincke did. This is because in Mayr’s meaning of “population thinking,” reality belongs to the individuals being studied (i.e., Heincke’s individual fish) not to t ...
Behavioral changes, ecological niches and adaptive diversification
... have tried to understand how evolution generated all this diversity across the tree of life. Although great progress has been made in the last decades, understanding why and how lineages divers ...
... have tried to understand how evolution generated all this diversity across the tree of life. Although great progress has been made in the last decades, understanding why and how lineages divers ...
The role of pollinators in floral diversification in a clade of generalist
... software (Klingenberg 2011). After sampling, we obtained the species mean value of each continuous trait. Because corolla color did not vary between individuals of the same species, we categorized each species according to its corolla color. In this study we have not decomposed shape variation in it ...
... software (Klingenberg 2011). After sampling, we obtained the species mean value of each continuous trait. Because corolla color did not vary between individuals of the same species, we categorized each species according to its corolla color. In this study we have not decomposed shape variation in it ...
Evolutionary Tradeoff and Equilibrium in an Aquatic Predator–Prey
... For example, Reznick et al. (1997) observed significant life history evolution in guppies over periods of 4–11 years in response to changes in predation pressure, and estimated that evolution occurred in these populations at rates ‘up to seven orders of magnitude greater than rates inferred from the ...
... For example, Reznick et al. (1997) observed significant life history evolution in guppies over periods of 4–11 years in response to changes in predation pressure, and estimated that evolution occurred in these populations at rates ‘up to seven orders of magnitude greater than rates inferred from the ...
Evolution - Krishikosh
... being also the centenary of its publication, seems a suitable occasion to review its development. For all biologists, whatever the branch of biology they are interested in, knowledge of the evolution of living organisms and its causes is fundamental to their work. Th~ zoologist or botanist who is st ...
... being also the centenary of its publication, seems a suitable occasion to review its development. For all biologists, whatever the branch of biology they are interested in, knowledge of the evolution of living organisms and its causes is fundamental to their work. Th~ zoologist or botanist who is st ...
Diversity and coevolutionary dynamics in high
... One of the fundamental problems in evolutionary biology is to understand how microevolutionary processes generate macroevolutionary patterns. In particular, the emergence of macroevolutionary changes in the speed of evolution (Gould and Eldredge, 1977, Simpson, 1944), and of macroevolutionary change ...
... One of the fundamental problems in evolutionary biology is to understand how microevolutionary processes generate macroevolutionary patterns. In particular, the emergence of macroevolutionary changes in the speed of evolution (Gould and Eldredge, 1977, Simpson, 1944), and of macroevolutionary change ...
ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY MORPHOLOGY
... of your choice using no more than five transparencies (DO NOT USE POWERPOINT OR OTHER SLIDE SHOWS). You should: 1. find one research paper describing new species or describing morphology (find your own animal groups) and read them thoroughly. 2. give one copy to the instructor on 2nd Oct. during cla ...
... of your choice using no more than five transparencies (DO NOT USE POWERPOINT OR OTHER SLIDE SHOWS). You should: 1. find one research paper describing new species or describing morphology (find your own animal groups) and read them thoroughly. 2. give one copy to the instructor on 2nd Oct. during cla ...
Phylogenetic niche conservatism: what are the
... III. Pattern or process? There is conflict in the literature about whether PNC is a process driving the structuring of communities (and biomes) or an emergent pattern resulting from one or several underlying causes (intrinsic or extrinsic processes) (Wiens & Graham, 2005; Losos, 2008a,b, 2011). Both ...
... III. Pattern or process? There is conflict in the literature about whether PNC is a process driving the structuring of communities (and biomes) or an emergent pattern resulting from one or several underlying causes (intrinsic or extrinsic processes) (Wiens & Graham, 2005; Losos, 2008a,b, 2011). Both ...
What Makes Biology Unique?
... of modern biology rests. Some of them were controversial for a long time and are still opposed by certain evolutionists. A full understanding of the autonomy of biology therefore is not possible without an analysis of Darwinism. Indeed, modern biology is conceptually Darwinian to a large extent. Alt ...
... of modern biology rests. Some of them were controversial for a long time and are still opposed by certain evolutionists. A full understanding of the autonomy of biology therefore is not possible without an analysis of Darwinism. Indeed, modern biology is conceptually Darwinian to a large extent. Alt ...
An Individual-Based Modeling Approach to Investigate Sympatric
... population might be split into two discrete subpopulations; each specialized on their own particular food resource. Disruptive selection can exert selective pressure against hybrid individuals with an intermediate feeding behavior trait. When selection favors individuals at only the extreme ends of ...
... population might be split into two discrete subpopulations; each specialized on their own particular food resource. Disruptive selection can exert selective pressure against hybrid individuals with an intermediate feeding behavior trait. When selection favors individuals at only the extreme ends of ...
Evolution of Lake Malawi Cichlid Fishes (Perciformes: Teleostei)
... diversification for many of these complexes are extremely short (Kornfield 1978) (< 50 kyr for some faunas), the extent of trophic differentiation is extensive (Fryer and Iles 1972) (ranging from plankton grazers to egg predators), and the number of endemic taxa is enonnous (1000 species in Lake Mal ...
... diversification for many of these complexes are extremely short (Kornfield 1978) (< 50 kyr for some faunas), the extent of trophic differentiation is extensive (Fryer and Iles 1972) (ranging from plankton grazers to egg predators), and the number of endemic taxa is enonnous (1000 species in Lake Mal ...
Punctuated equilibrium
Punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable, showing little net evolutionary change for most of their geological history. This state is called stasis. When significant evolutionary change occurs, the theory proposes that it is generally restricted to rare and geologically rapid events of branching speciation called cladogenesis. Cladogenesis is the process by which a species splits into two distinct species, rather than one species gradually transforming into another. Punctuated equilibrium is commonly contrasted against phyletic gradualism, the belief that evolution generally occurs uniformly and by the steady and gradual transformation of whole lineages (called anagenesis). In this view, evolution is seen as generally smooth and continuous.In 1972, paleontologists Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould published a landmark paper developing their theory and called it punctuated equilibria. Their paper built upon Ernst Mayr's model of geographic speciation, I. Michael Lerner's theories of developmental and genetic homeostasis, as well as their own empirical research. Eldredge and Gould proposed that the degree of gradualism commonly attributed to Charles Darwin is virtually nonexistent in the fossil record, and that stasis dominates the history of most fossil species.