Geographical patterns of adaptation within a species` range
... local maladaptation, which may potentially jeopardize the local or global persistence of the species. Local adaptation describes the adequacy between the phenotypes and the local environment. In this context, natural selection, which increases the frequency of locally adapted genes, interacts with g ...
... local maladaptation, which may potentially jeopardize the local or global persistence of the species. Local adaptation describes the adequacy between the phenotypes and the local environment. In this context, natural selection, which increases the frequency of locally adapted genes, interacts with g ...
A Correlation of Pearson Biology - Pearson-Global
... d. Use modeling to explain the function of positive and negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis that is essential for organisms. [Assessment Boundary: The focus is on conceptual models explaining examples of both types of feedback systems.] MILLER & LEVINE BIOLOGY FOUNDATION: Student ...
... d. Use modeling to explain the function of positive and negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis that is essential for organisms. [Assessment Boundary: The focus is on conceptual models explaining examples of both types of feedback systems.] MILLER & LEVINE BIOLOGY FOUNDATION: Student ...
ExamView - ch 5 practice.tst
... The most likely explanation for Observation 3 is that A. some traits are environmentally controlled B. the green individuals had a survival advantage C. the rate of mutation is greater in large populations D. the experiment did not work the way it was supposed to The Galapagos Islands contain a numb ...
... The most likely explanation for Observation 3 is that A. some traits are environmentally controlled B. the green individuals had a survival advantage C. the rate of mutation is greater in large populations D. the experiment did not work the way it was supposed to The Galapagos Islands contain a numb ...
genome structure and the benefit of sex
... mutations that do not recombine (and thus mask their individually deleterious effects when substituted together as a unit). Together these observations highlight an intrinsically modular structure to natural genomes in the sense of a correspondence between physical linkage and epistatic dependencies ...
... mutations that do not recombine (and thus mask their individually deleterious effects when substituted together as a unit). Together these observations highlight an intrinsically modular structure to natural genomes in the sense of a correspondence between physical linkage and epistatic dependencies ...
Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution
... norms, which in turn are genetically determined. In other words, genotypes code for the set of phenotypes they plastically express across a given range of environments, namely their reaction norm (Schmalhausen 1949). Because of the high plasticity of many life-history traits, genetic or evolutionary ...
... norms, which in turn are genetically determined. In other words, genotypes code for the set of phenotypes they plastically express across a given range of environments, namely their reaction norm (Schmalhausen 1949). Because of the high plasticity of many life-history traits, genetic or evolutionary ...
Document
... recombination. It may accelerate speciation via adaptive introgression or cause near-instantaneous speciation by allopolyploidization. It may have multiple effects at different stages and in different spatial contexts within a single speciation event. We offer a perspective on the context and evolut ...
... recombination. It may accelerate speciation via adaptive introgression or cause near-instantaneous speciation by allopolyploidization. It may have multiple effects at different stages and in different spatial contexts within a single speciation event. We offer a perspective on the context and evolut ...
Adaptive divergence in resistance to herbivores in Datura
... for D. stramonium as reported by Andraca-Gómez (2009). FST values were calculated using FSTAT 2.9.3.1 (Goudet, 2001) employing approximately 30 individuals per population. In addition, we assessed the statistical power of our five microsatellites by means of Wright–Fisher simulations as implemented ...
... for D. stramonium as reported by Andraca-Gómez (2009). FST values were calculated using FSTAT 2.9.3.1 (Goudet, 2001) employing approximately 30 individuals per population. In addition, we assessed the statistical power of our five microsatellites by means of Wright–Fisher simulations as implemented ...
Long live the Red Queen? Examining environmental influences on
... taxa has proved something of an enigma to biologists for many years (Bell, 1982). ...
... taxa has proved something of an enigma to biologists for many years (Bell, 1982). ...
Sympatric Speciation
... The North American fly or apple maggot is undergoing sympatric speciation. • Natural diet of the maggot (larva) is the fruit of the hawthorn bush, which is a distant relative of apples. • Cultivated apples were introduced to North America around ...
... The North American fly or apple maggot is undergoing sympatric speciation. • Natural diet of the maggot (larva) is the fruit of the hawthorn bush, which is a distant relative of apples. • Cultivated apples were introduced to North America around ...
Sympatric speciation: when is it possible
... genes, the population will produce mainly the maladapted intermediates, giving no opportunity for appearance of a polymorphism, while in a population initially consisting of both small and large individuals it could be stable. T o overcome this apparent contradiction, we have to assume that in a pop ...
... genes, the population will produce mainly the maladapted intermediates, giving no opportunity for appearance of a polymorphism, while in a population initially consisting of both small and large individuals it could be stable. T o overcome this apparent contradiction, we have to assume that in a pop ...
Phenotypic integration in plants
... While lineages may exhibit consistent differences in their patterns of phenotypic integration, phenotypic correlation matrices themselves can be dynamic among environments and taxa. Recently, a number of studies have examined how patterns of correlations change across environments (e.g. Waitt & Levi ...
... While lineages may exhibit consistent differences in their patterns of phenotypic integration, phenotypic correlation matrices themselves can be dynamic among environments and taxa. Recently, a number of studies have examined how patterns of correlations change across environments (e.g. Waitt & Levi ...
prey community
... prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every predator exerts on the given prey species (Friman and Buckling, 2013). If predator competition is asymmetrical, the most dominant predator species is expect ...
... prey is likely to affect the relative abundance of each competing predator species, which will then affect the strength of selection that every predator exerts on the given prey species (Friman and Buckling, 2013). If predator competition is asymmetrical, the most dominant predator species is expect ...
Hybridization and speciation
... barriers increase the number of loci contributing to S at their new joint position, which in turn sharpens clines (Clarke, 1966), increases barrier strength and makes long-term maintenance of the hybrid zone and of the differentiation between populations more likely (Barton, 1983). The effect of spa ...
... barriers increase the number of loci contributing to S at their new joint position, which in turn sharpens clines (Clarke, 1966), increases barrier strength and makes long-term maintenance of the hybrid zone and of the differentiation between populations more likely (Barton, 1983). The effect of spa ...
Genome-wide patterns of divergence during speciation: the lake
... from an outlier pQTL and FST values for all other mapped markers on the same linkage group. This was done separately for all four lakes. A linear regression between FST and genetic distance was fitted in order to test whether the effect of divergence extended far from the region under selection itse ...
... from an outlier pQTL and FST values for all other mapped markers on the same linkage group. This was done separately for all four lakes. A linear regression between FST and genetic distance was fitted in order to test whether the effect of divergence extended far from the region under selection itse ...
Adaptation and The Origin of Species.
... three years to write a book with all the facts and arguments, which I can collect, for and versus the immutability of species” (Stauffer 1975, p. 5). Many of Darwin’s associates encouraged him in this effort, with geologist Charles Lyell playing a key role. In 1856, Darwin wrote to Lyell, “I have fo ...
... three years to write a book with all the facts and arguments, which I can collect, for and versus the immutability of species” (Stauffer 1975, p. 5). Many of Darwin’s associates encouraged him in this effort, with geologist Charles Lyell playing a key role. In 1856, Darwin wrote to Lyell, “I have fo ...
Word - Colorado Department of Education
... create the sequel involving life on these planets. In their book they must design and create animals which will be perfectly suited to their environment on one of the new planets. Their animals must fit into the existing food chain-they cannot be the ultimate predator. They need to include adaptatio ...
... create the sequel involving life on these planets. In their book they must design and create animals which will be perfectly suited to their environment on one of the new planets. Their animals must fit into the existing food chain-they cannot be the ultimate predator. They need to include adaptatio ...
Adaptations of Life Over Time - Colorado Department of Education
... create the sequel involving life on these planets. In their book they must design and create animals which will be perfectly suited to their environment on one of the new planets. Their animals must fit into the existing food chain-they cannot be the ultimate predator. They need to include adaptatio ...
... create the sequel involving life on these planets. In their book they must design and create animals which will be perfectly suited to their environment on one of the new planets. Their animals must fit into the existing food chain-they cannot be the ultimate predator. They need to include adaptatio ...
- Megan Woolfit
... the relative rate of fixation of nonsynonymous substitutions. Thirdly, the process of rapid adaptation to new niches may promote the positive selection of amino acid changes (this is likely to affect only those genes associated with adaptive traits, which may be a relatively small proportion of the ...
... the relative rate of fixation of nonsynonymous substitutions. Thirdly, the process of rapid adaptation to new niches may promote the positive selection of amino acid changes (this is likely to affect only those genes associated with adaptive traits, which may be a relatively small proportion of the ...
Darwin`s view of species
... geography in speciation. Darwin recognized and clearly described how geographic isolation (also known as ‘allopatry,’ after Mayr 1942) would enhance divergent evolution by natural selection, and hence speciation by preventing the swamping effect of intercrossing (see also Sulloway 1979): [Geographic ...
... geography in speciation. Darwin recognized and clearly described how geographic isolation (also known as ‘allopatry,’ after Mayr 1942) would enhance divergent evolution by natural selection, and hence speciation by preventing the swamping effect of intercrossing (see also Sulloway 1979): [Geographic ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... is ‘a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without alternations in the DNA sequence’ (Berger et al., 2009). Similar to allelic variation, epialleles are defined as ‘alternative chromatin states at a given locus defined with respect to individuals in a population at a giv ...
... is ‘a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without alternations in the DNA sequence’ (Berger et al., 2009). Similar to allelic variation, epialleles are defined as ‘alternative chromatin states at a given locus defined with respect to individuals in a population at a giv ...
How might epigenetics contribute to ecological speciation?
... is ‘a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without alternations in the DNA sequence’ (Berger et al., 2009). Similar to allelic variation, epialleles are defined as ‘alternative chromatin states at a given locus defined with respect to individuals in a population at a giv ...
... is ‘a stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in a chromosome without alternations in the DNA sequence’ (Berger et al., 2009). Similar to allelic variation, epialleles are defined as ‘alternative chromatin states at a given locus defined with respect to individuals in a population at a giv ...
Can tolerance traits impose selection on herbivores?
... resistance, and perhaps a relaxation of selection on herbivores. In like fashion, if tolerance and resistance are positively correlated, selection for increased tolerance will result in correlated increase in resistance, possibly intensifying the pattern of selection on insect herbivores. However, d ...
... resistance, and perhaps a relaxation of selection on herbivores. In like fashion, if tolerance and resistance are positively correlated, selection for increased tolerance will result in correlated increase in resistance, possibly intensifying the pattern of selection on insect herbivores. However, d ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... an animal to find food or attract mates better than other individuals can. If beneficial traits like these have a genetic basis and can be passed on to future generations, we refer to them as adaptations, which are selected for by the environment through a process called natural selection. Beneficia ...
... an animal to find food or attract mates better than other individuals can. If beneficial traits like these have a genetic basis and can be passed on to future generations, we refer to them as adaptations, which are selected for by the environment through a process called natural selection. Beneficia ...
On the assignment of fitness to parents and offspring: whose fitness
... thus does not contain cross-generational assignments of ®tness). This is the true model for ®tness, where we look at all in¯uences on all components of ®tness of an individual within the entire length of that individual's lifetime. It is important to understand that this is a mechanistic theoretical ...
... thus does not contain cross-generational assignments of ®tness). This is the true model for ®tness, where we look at all in¯uences on all components of ®tness of an individual within the entire length of that individual's lifetime. It is important to understand that this is a mechanistic theoretical ...
Evolutionary Psychology as a Metatheory for the Social
... to be a metatheory for psychology, but explaining human behavior and cognition only by stimulus-response relationships appeared to be a too simple picture of how the mind works (e.g., Seligman, 1970). In response to behaviorism, cognitivism arose and claimed that the human mind consisted of informat ...
... to be a metatheory for psychology, but explaining human behavior and cognition only by stimulus-response relationships appeared to be a too simple picture of how the mind works (e.g., Seligman, 1970). In response to behaviorism, cognitivism arose and claimed that the human mind consisted of informat ...