• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Darwin+ overview
Darwin+ overview

... between organisms can ALWAYS change No belief in biology is above challenge, and relationships are always being reexamined The only way to separate homology from convergence is to use EVERY method we can to examine both the similarities and differences ...
Genetic diversity, virulence and fitness evolution in an obligate
Genetic diversity, virulence and fitness evolution in an obligate

... never been encountered during the SPE). This final assessment was conducted using the same infection protocol as was used throughout the SPE procedure, but on a larger scale. The assessment was carried out in four batches, with 12 larvae from each of the four colonies being treated with each of the ...
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time

... 1. Genetic and environmental maternal effects can play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of a population: they may have a substantial impact on the rate and direction of genetic change in response to selection, and they may generate immediate phenotypic change via phenotypic plasticity. ...
TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS
TEACHER INSTRUCTIONS

... the foundation of the colony and the first census, and they got gaudier still by the time of the second census. The males evolved more and more spots, bigger and bigger spots, wilder and wilder palettes of spots. Meanwhile males in tanks with the dangerous cichlids evolved fewer and fewer, smaller a ...
Forces that influence the evolution of codon bias
Forces that influence the evolution of codon bias

... expressed. Comparison of codon usage between these two datasets yields an estimate of the compound parameter S ¼ 2Nes, where Ne is the effective population size and s is the selective difference between optimal and non-optimal codons. Thus, S might vary among species because there have been differen ...
Space, sympatry and speciation
Space, sympatry and speciation

... in crater lakes. He admitted he had been wrong to doubt its importance earlier (Mayr, 2001, 2002, 2004). He even felt that ‘at the present time there is too little known about speciation in many of the phyla of animals in order to make a generalisation’ about the relative abundance of sympatric and ...
A Comparative Genomic Study of Human and Chimpanzee
A Comparative Genomic Study of Human and Chimpanzee

... 7.1 Distribution of Disease-Associated Mutations in p53 . . . . . . . 7.2 Characterization of Selective Constraints on p53 Codon Sites . . 7.3 Mapping Selective Pressures in the Structure of p53 . . . . . . . 7.4 Selective Pressures and Mutations Associated with Cancer in p53 7.5 Testing Association ...
Marty Ferris
Marty Ferris

... 1a) Gotthard and Nylin: Is there an objective way to invoke the 'design criterion'? I'm mainly referring to their discussion on pg. 9 where they suggest that ' the design criterion can thus be invoked when the link between environmental and phenotypic change is predictable, but improbable enough tha ...
BUTTERFLY WING PATTERNS: Developmental Mechanisms and
BUTTERFLY WING PATTERNS: Developmental Mechanisms and

... each of these elements by morphogen diffusing from a focus. If basic experimental support could be given to this interpretation, through surgical operations similar to those used on Precis and Bicyclus (see below), then the various geographical races of Heliconius could be a powerful system in which ...
Parental effects in ecology and evolution
Parental effects in ecology and evolution

... transmission is then assessed in statistical partitioning of phenotypic variance. This perspective is problematic for several reasons. First, the view of parental effects as an evolved and static pattern obscures their transient nature as a developmental process and is not consistent with new findin ...
Word - The Open University
Word - The Open University

... suggest why rodents are a successful order of mammals describe adaptation, based on knowledge of the theory of biological evolution by natural selection  explain how altruistic characteristics can be understood in terms of kin selection and inclusive fitness  give examples of the fitness costs and ...
War and peace: social interactions in infections
War and peace: social interactions in infections

... often well-described and tractable experimental systems for studying the ecology and evolution of social traits in real time, under both highly controlled conditions and in a ‘real-world context’, which for pathogens and parasites involves being exposed to the complex, changeable and hostile environ ...
Robustness and Evolvability
Robustness and Evolvability

... recombination rates as distinct cases. At first, robustness and evolvability appear to be opposites; if most mutations have no effect, then there will be less variation for selection to act on. Indeed, ‘robustness’ mechanisms that prevent genetic change from occurring in the first place, such as pro ...
Specious Speciation: Response to Talk Origins Speciation FAQ
Specious Speciation: Response to Talk Origins Speciation FAQ

... While most of the FAQ’s discussions of the papers it cites are reasonably accurate, these papers amount to citation bluffs if one is claiming to “discus[s] several instances where speciation has been observed.” People who believe this FAQ demonstrates that Darwinian processes can produce large-scale ...
Cultural selection
Cultural selection

... The idea of cultural selection first arose in victorian England - a culture that had more success in the process of cultural selection than any other society. But before we talk about this theory we must take a look at the theory of biological evolution, founded by Lamarck and Darwin. The french bio ...
The existence of species rests on a metastable
The existence of species rests on a metastable

... trying to define species, I will not engage in the somewhat sterile debate (excuse the bad pun ) of what constitutes ‘good species’, or rather of when two groups of animals can be considered as separate species. And even less in the consideration of whether asexual organisms can be grouped into spec ...
Homology and Heterochrony
Homology and Heterochrony

... ontogeny could reflect secondary adaptations rather than inheritance of ancestral characters (Hall 2000; Ridley ’86). When de Beer wrote Embryology and Evolution, recapitulationism was not generally accepted any longer, in spite of the prominent recapitulationist Ernest W. MacBride. De Beer’s teache ...
The Origin of Species
The Origin of Species

... • Darwin was influenced by Thomas Malthus who noted the potential for human population to increase faster than food supplies and other resources Ò食物收成與其他因素牽動人口族群變動 • If some heritable traits are advantageous, these will accumulate in the population, and this will increase the frequency of individual ...
Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design
Phenotypic flexibility and the evolution of organismal design

... much recent attention has been on developmental plasticity – the environmentally induced variability during development within a single genotype. The phenotypic variation expressed by single reproductively mature organisms throughout their life, traditionally the subject of many physiological studie ...
Chapter 1
Chapter 1

... – The researchers set up an experiment to determine the amounts of fat in the adipose tissue of 79 patients who had a heart attack. – They compared these patients to the data for 167 patients who had not had a heart attack. – This is an example of a controlled experiment, in which the control and ex ...
Aula 2: O que é VIDA? - IAG-Usp
Aula 2: O que é VIDA? - IAG-Usp

... • Source of Free Energy searches for life within our solar system commonly retreat from a search for life to a search for “life as we know it,” meaning life based on liquid water, a suite of so-called ...
Introduction - Department of Computer Science
Introduction - Department of Computer Science

... Occasionally some of the genetic material changes very slightly during this process (replication error) This means that the child might have genetic material ...
4.7 SYBSC Zoology Syllabus
4.7 SYBSC Zoology Syllabus

... iv. Oviparity, viviparity, ovo-viviparity USZO 303 COURSE-7 Ethology , Parasitology, Economic Zoology Unit: 1 Ethology Objective:  To equip learners with a sound knowledge of how animals interact with one another and their environment.  To enable the learners to understand different behavioural pa ...
Parallel trait adaptation across opposing thermal environments in
Parallel trait adaptation across opposing thermal environments in

... 28°C are known to decrease fecundity and viability in European D. melanogaster (Pétavy et al. 2001; Chakir et al. 2002), whereas the two intermediate temperatures (i.e., 18°C and 20°C) are comparatively benign. The natural climate of the experimental founder populations is typified by mild temperat ...
5 The Theory of Natural Selection - The application of population
5 The Theory of Natural Selection - The application of population

... analyze changes in those variables through time. ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 123 >

The eclipse of Darwinism

Julian Huxley used the phrase ""the eclipse of Darwinism"" to describe the state of affairs prior to the modern evolutionary synthesis when evolution was widely accepted in scientific circles but relatively few biologists believed that natural selection was its primary mechanism. Historians of science such as Peter J. Bowler have used the same phrase as a label for the period within the history of evolutionary thought from the 1880s through the first couple of decades of the 20th century when a number of alternatives to natural selection were developed and explored - as many biologists considered natural selection to have been a wrong guess on Charles Darwin's part, and others regarded natural selection as of relatively minor importance. Recently the term eclipse has been criticized for inaccurately implying that research on Darwinism paused during this period, Paul Farber and Mark Largent have suggested the biological term interphase as an alternative metaphor.There were four major alternatives to natural selection in the late 19th century: Theistic evolution was the belief that God directly guided evolution. (This should not be confused with the more recent use of the term theistic evolution, referring to the theological belief about the compatibility of science and religion.) The idea that evolution was driven by the inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of the organism was called neo-Lamarckism. Orthogenesis involved the belief that organisms were affected by internal forces or laws of development that drove evolution in particular directions Saltationism propounded the idea that evolution was largely the product of large mutations that created new species in a single step.Theistic evolution largely disappeared from the scientific literature by the end of the 19th century as direct appeals to supernatural causes came to be seen as unscientific. The other alternatives had significant followings well into the 20th century; mainstream biology largely abandoned them only when developments in genetics made them seem increasingly untenable, and when the development of population genetics and the modern evolutionary synthesis demonstrated the explanatory power of natural selection. Ernst Mayr wrote that as late as 1930 most textbooks still emphasized such non-Darwinian mechanisms.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report