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Evolution Unit Practice Exam - Serrano High School AP Biology
Evolution Unit Practice Exam - Serrano High School AP Biology

... B) be switched from Camarhynchus to Certhidea. C) be switched from Camarhynchus to Pinarolaxias. D) be switched from Camarhynchus to Geospiza. E) be placed in its own genus. ...
Introduction - Department of Computer Science
Introduction - Department of Computer Science

... Occasionally some of the genetic material changes very slightly during this process (replication error) This means that the child might have genetic material ...
Behavioral changes, ecological niches and adaptive diversification
Behavioral changes, ecological niches and adaptive diversification

... have  tried  to  understand  how  evolution  generated  all  this  diversity  across  the  tree  of   life.   Although   great   progress   has   been   made   in   the   last   decades,   understanding   why   and   how   lineages   divers ...
full text – penultimate version
full text – penultimate version

... theory T implies a claim C, then if we describe a scientist who accepts T, it is easy to explain why she holds C with reference to this piece of internal history. If we cannot use internal history, then the reason why the scientist holds C needs to be explained in terms of the scientist’s psychologi ...
Morphological divergence patterns among populations of
Morphological divergence patterns among populations of

... The evolutionary allometries observed were independent of within-group static allometries. Sexually dimorphic patterns were observed in size variation and within-population allometries. Specimens from freshwater (higher predation) sites presented smaller sizes, relatively longer caudal regions, lowe ...
4.7 S.Y.B.Sc. Zoology Syllabus
4.7 S.Y.B.Sc. Zoology Syllabus

...  Structure of Striated muscle fibre in human and Sliding filament theory Reproduction a. Asexual Reproduction- Fission, fragmentation, gemmule formation, budding b. Sexual reproduction i. Gametogenesis ii. Structure of male and female gametes in human iii. Types of fertilization iv. Oviparity, vivi ...
Evolutionary Dynamics of Nitrogen Fixation in the Legume–Rhizobia
Evolutionary Dynamics of Nitrogen Fixation in the Legume–Rhizobia

... in a frequency-dependent manner according to Eq. (1), change in their nitrogen fixation ability by mutation, and are released back to the soil following the death of their host plants (Eq. (4)). Proliferation of colonized rhizobia is driven by the benefit (promoting force) and cost (destabilizing fo ...
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein
Probability in Biology: The Case of Fitness Roberta L. Millstein

... view of fitness that is consistent with biologists’ usage of the term, but it also addresses the explanatory circularity problem. With the propensity interpretation, if we seek to explain why type A is leaving a higher number of offspring than type B, the explanation “because A is fitter than B” mea ...
Descent with Modification
Descent with Modification

... Darwin did field research. At age 22, he signed onto the HMS Beagle. In the Galapagos islands, he collected many specimens. He published his conclusions only reluctantly, and decades later. ...
When is it Selectively Advantageous to Have True Beliefs
When is it Selectively Advantageous to Have True Beliefs

... It is important to be clear about what believing the true and desiring the good means. If an organism believes the true, for example, it does not mean that the organism must have a true belief about the proposition in question in any given decision problem in which that proposition is used. Rather, ...
nosil vines funk 2005 evolution
nosil vines funk 2005 evolution

... as their own, and accept mates from each population with equal frequency. Guided by the traditional classification, one would expect random mating between these populations. However, imagine further that due to genetically based adaptive differentiation of these populations, individuals migrating to ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL

... vertebrates, however, early and late growth phases are often dissociated; the same developmental processes do not necessarily regulate early and late growth periods and the resultant growth trajectories are, therefore, not necessarily correlated. In both mice and humans, for example, there are weak ...
Nature`s Fancy: Charles Darwin and the Breeding of Pigeons
Nature`s Fancy: Charles Darwin and the Breeding of Pigeons

... and abstracted books and articles. His original plan, as is well known, was to publish a large work in several volumes. This would have undoubtedly appeared in the early 1860s if he had not been interrupted by the famous letter from Alfred Russel Wallace that led him to condense the massive tome int ...
Darwin`s Evolutionary Ecology. Volume 92(4)
Darwin`s Evolutionary Ecology. Volume 92(4)

... many ingredients of ecology, but was weak in theory. The balance of nature, including Linnaeus’ version, economy of nature (Egerton 2007b:81–84), was the main example, and it was never developed as a precise theory (Egerton 1973, Kricher 2009). The evolutionary ideas of Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck ha ...
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL
CONVERGENT EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN SKULL

... vertebrates, however, early and late growth phases are often dissociated; the same developmental processes do not necessarily regulate early and late growth periods and the resultant growth trajectories are, therefore, not necessarily correlated. In both mice and humans, for example, there are weak ...
Evolution 65:2258-2272
Evolution 65:2258-2272

... Our work focuses on a part of this radiation that is in early stages of diversification: the ground finches (Geospiza spp.). These species diverge at only the tips of the Darwin’s finch phylogeny and they are not reciprocally monophyletic as revealed by mtDNA and microsatellite markers (Petren et al ...
The evolution of non-ecological reproductive barriers
The evolution of non-ecological reproductive barriers

... and the diversity of processes leading to speciation. Unfortunately taxonomy mostly focus on extant biodiversity, barely taking into account the dynamic process of evolution, divergence and speciation (De Queiroz, 1995). Evolutionary scientists try to uncover the evolutionary history of species and ...
The Flamingo`s Smile - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s
The Flamingo`s Smile - A Website About Stephen Jay Gould`s

... muscular tongue that acts as a pump. These, however, are not the features that Gould wishes to discuss in this essay. Instead, it is the shape of the beak itself, which has been extensively modified to support the flamingo’s almost unique behavior of feeding upside down. Giraffes and camels bend the ...
The mind, the lab, and the field: Three kinds of populations in
The mind, the lab, and the field: Three kinds of populations in

... Fisher argued that certain properties of groups of organisms could be understood without detailed knowledge about individual organisms (Fisher & Stock, 1915). Specifically, Fisher considered the effects of selection in the aggregate, “borrow[ing] an illustration from the kinetic theory of gases” (Fis ...
Evolution of bite force in Darwin`s finches: a key
Evolution of bite force in Darwin`s finches: a key

... biomechanics in finches and other vertebrates. The jaw adductors are positioned at the back of the head, posterior to the orbits. Any evolutionary changes in head dimensions at this location will likely drive changes in the size or position of the jaw adductors and hence influence bite force capacit ...
Cryptic genetic variation: evolution`s hidden substrate
Cryptic genetic variation: evolution`s hidden substrate

... Rutherford and Lindquist’s discovery that reducing activity of the heat shock chaperone protein Hsp90 releases cryptic genetic variation (CGV) in Drosophila melanogaster12 motivated a renewed experimental effort in the investigation of genetic assimilation and, in particular, the use of Hsp90 as a b ...
2011 - Anthony Herrel
2011 - Anthony Herrel

... Our work focuses on a part of this radiation that is in early stages of diversification: the ground finches (Geospiza spp.). These species diverge at only the tips of the Darwin’s finch phylogeny and they are not reciprocally monophyletic as revealed by mtDNA and microsatellite markers (Petren et al ...
Darwin as a plant scientist - Australian National Botanic Gardens
Darwin as a plant scientist - Australian National Botanic Gardens

... mating systems, carnivory, sensing and tropisms. He used the rich diversity of convergent structures within orchids, carnivorous plants and climbing plants to debunk the prevailing notion of each species being created perfectly through intelligent design. He was surprised to discover that many orchi ...
Cladistic analysis or cladistic classification?
Cladistic analysis or cladistic classification?

... with the objectives and methods of cladistics which has been in the way of a more general adoption. GUNTHER,on the other hand, believes that it is the unavailability or neglect of three sets of facts which have prevented the more general application of cladistics: (1) the lack of sufficient availabl ...
Diversity/Biology Unit—Middle School Science EDG 641, Winter
Diversity/Biology Unit—Middle School Science EDG 641, Winter

... I can list the rules that scientists use while writing scientific names. I can classify animal adaptations that are used for 1)protection, 2)obtaining food, 3)locomotion, 4)avoiding a predator, 5)attracting a mate, and 6)surviving a change in temperature. I can explain how specific plants have adapt ...
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The eclipse of Darwinism

Julian Huxley used the phrase ""the eclipse of Darwinism"" to describe the state of affairs prior to the modern evolutionary synthesis when evolution was widely accepted in scientific circles but relatively few biologists believed that natural selection was its primary mechanism. Historians of science such as Peter J. Bowler have used the same phrase as a label for the period within the history of evolutionary thought from the 1880s through the first couple of decades of the 20th century when a number of alternatives to natural selection were developed and explored - as many biologists considered natural selection to have been a wrong guess on Charles Darwin's part, and others regarded natural selection as of relatively minor importance. Recently the term eclipse has been criticized for inaccurately implying that research on Darwinism paused during this period, Paul Farber and Mark Largent have suggested the biological term interphase as an alternative metaphor.There were four major alternatives to natural selection in the late 19th century: Theistic evolution was the belief that God directly guided evolution. (This should not be confused with the more recent use of the term theistic evolution, referring to the theological belief about the compatibility of science and religion.) The idea that evolution was driven by the inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of the organism was called neo-Lamarckism. Orthogenesis involved the belief that organisms were affected by internal forces or laws of development that drove evolution in particular directions Saltationism propounded the idea that evolution was largely the product of large mutations that created new species in a single step.Theistic evolution largely disappeared from the scientific literature by the end of the 19th century as direct appeals to supernatural causes came to be seen as unscientific. The other alternatives had significant followings well into the 20th century; mainstream biology largely abandoned them only when developments in genetics made them seem increasingly untenable, and when the development of population genetics and the modern evolutionary synthesis demonstrated the explanatory power of natural selection. Ernst Mayr wrote that as late as 1930 most textbooks still emphasized such non-Darwinian mechanisms.
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