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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________
ID: A
Bio 20 Ch 5 Practice Test
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
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1. Adaptations are any characteristics that allow an organism to reproduce more successfully.
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2. The wing of a bat, the arm of a human, and the flipper of a whale all have a similar number of bones and a
similar structure. This is considered to be an example of parallel adaptation. _________________________
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3. The iguanas on the Galapagos Islands eat algae, while those on the mainland of Central America eat tree
leaves. This is considered to be an example of adaptation caused by geographical distribution.
_________________________
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4. Islands are very important places in which speciation occurs because the populations they contain are
spatially isolated from other populations. _________________________
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5. Humans and insects both have joints in the limbs, but these develop differently. This type of evolution is
called divergent evolution. ______________________________
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Thomas Malthus wrote a paper on the rate of population growth and the rate of the increase in food supply.
Malthus proposed that
A. at some point in the future, population will exceed food supply
B. the rate of food production will always be greater than the population
C. population increases steadily, but food supply increases rapidly
D. the rate of population growth has exceeded food production for at least 200 years
2. The biochemical evidence for evolution is based on the concept that
A. all organisms share identical DNA molecules and similar proteins
B. the more similar the DNA of two species is, the more distantly they are related
C. comparisons of the DNA and proteins of different species indicate the degree to which
those species are related
D. identical DNA molecules shared by present and extinct organisms suggest that they are
descended from a common ancestor
3. In zoos, lions and tigers can mate and produce fertile offspring known as ligers. This does not occur in
natural settings because of which of the following?
A. the chromosomes are not compatible
B. their DNA is too different to combine
C. lions live in Africa and tigers do not, therefore reproduction is not possible in nature
D. they are different species, and different species cannot interbreed under any
circumstances
1
Name: ________________________
ID: A
Scenario 5.1
Observation 1: Two colourless micro-organisms placed in the solution give rise, by sexual reproduction,
to 100 000 micro-organisms in 7 days. A pair of these descendants also give rise to 100 000
micro-organisms in 7 days if placed in a fresh solution.
Observation 2: The individuals in the population differ slightly in size, colour, and shape.
Observation 3: After several weeks in one solution, the proportion of green individuals in the population
increases.
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4. Use Scenario 5.1 answer the following question.
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The most likely explanation for Observation 2 is that
A. some traits are environmentally controlled
B. genetic variability is common in most populations
C. the rate of mutation is greater in large populations
D. the population consists of three or more different species
5. Use Scenario 5.1 answer the following question.
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6.
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7.
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8.
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9.
The most likely explanation for Observation 3 is that
A. some traits are environmentally controlled
B. the green individuals had a survival advantage
C. the rate of mutation is greater in large populations
D. the experiment did not work the way it was supposed to
The Galapagos Islands contain a number of unique species. These are probably the result of
A. lack of competition
B. geographic isolation
C. too short a time for evolution to occur
D. both isolation and lack of competition
Phylogeny is best described as which of the following?
A. the evolutionary history of a species or group
B. all of the descendants of a common ancestor
C. a system that groups organisms according to shared derived traits
D. a diagram that shows the evolutionary history of groups of species
Charles Darwin was unable to explain the source of the variations he claimed were necessary for evolution.
This was because
A. such variations did not exist.
B. variations occur in nature and have no explanation.
C. variations result from reproduction, which he had not studied.
D. genes had not been discovered during his lifetime.
Random changes in DNA may provide new genes in a population’s gene pool. What determines whether a
mutation is beneficial?
A. the cause of the mutation
B. the effect of the mutation
C. the amount of DNA changed
D. a survival advantage results from the mutation
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Name: ________________________
ID: A
Completion
Complete each statement.
1. ____________________ is the process by which the remains or traces of an organism or its activity become
part of sedimentary rock.
2. The multiplication of species is due to a process referred to as ____________________.
3. A barrier that prevents the mixing of genes from two populations can cause those populations to
_________________________ genetically.
4. Two populations that are exposed to different environments may change genetically in ways that make the
individuals in each of the populations better ____________________ to those environments.
5. Although short in a geological time frame, the "rapid" changes in structure noted by supporters of the Theory
of ___________________________________ take hundreds or thousands of generations to be established in
populations.
6. Darwin believed that characteristics were passed from one generation to the next, but did not know how this
was accomplished. We now know that inherited characteristics are determined by ____________________.
Matching
Match the footing foot type to its description below.
A.
D.
B.
E.
C.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
swimming in water
perching on a branch
hunting for prey
wading in shallow water
clinging to food, such as fruit or seeds
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Name: ________________________
ID: A
Match the following beak type to its description below.
A.
D.
B.
E.
C.
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6.
7.
8.
9.
specialized for tearing prey
specialized for pulling up soft plant material
specialized for spearing food
specialized for cracking seeds
Short Answer
1. Explain what is meant by the term gradualism. Include an example from class discussion in your explanation.
2. Explain what is meant by the term punctuated equilibrium. Include an example discussed in class in your
explanation.
3. Explain what is meant by the term species. Give an example using an organism visible inside or outside of
the classroom.
4. How are natural and artificial selection different? Consider the relative rates and end results of these
processes.
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ID: A
Bio 20 Ch 5 Practice Test
Answer Section
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. ANS: T
OBJ: 5.3
LOC: 20-B2.1k
2. ANS: F, homology
PTS: 1
REF: K
PTS:
3. ANS:
OBJ:
4. ANS:
OBJ:
5. ANS:
OBJ: 5.3
PTS: 1
LOC: 20-B2.4k
REF: K
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 5.6
LOC: 20-B2.4k
REF: K
OBJ: 5.4
REF: K
OBJ: 5.3
REF: K | S
OBJ: 5.6
REF: S
OBJ: 5.6
REF: K | S
OBJ: 5.6
REF: K
OBJ: 5.4 | 5.6
REF: K
OBJ: 5.1
REF: K | STS
OBJ: 5.5
REF: K
OBJ: 5.5
OBJ: 5.2
LOC: 20-B2.4k
1
REF: K
T
5.4
LOC: 20-B2.3k
T
5.6
LOC: 20-B2.5k
F, convergent
PTS: 1
REF: K
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS:
LOC:
2. ANS:
LOC:
3. ANS:
LOC:
4. ANS:
LOC:
5. ANS:
LOC:
6. ANS:
LOC:
7. ANS:
LOC:
8. ANS:
LOC:
9. ANS:
LOC:
A
PTS: 1
20-B2.3k
C
PTS: 1
20-B2.4k
C
PTS: 1
20-B2.3s | 20-B2.5k
B
PTS: 1
20-B2.3s
B
PTS: 1
20-B2.3s | 20-B2.5k
D
PTS: 1
20-B2.3k | 20-B2.5k
A
PTS: 1
20-B2.6k
D
PTS: 1
20-B2.4k | 20-B2.1sts
D
PTS: 1
20-B2.1k
COMPLETION
1. ANS: Fossilization
PTS: 1
REF: K
1
ID: A
2. ANS: speciation
PTS: 1
3. ANS:
diverge
become different
REF: K
OBJ: 5.6
LOC: 20-B2.5k
PTS: 1
4. ANS: adapted
REF: K
OBJ: 5.6
LOC: 20-B2.5k
PTS: 1
REF: K
5. ANS: Punctuated Equilibrium
OBJ: 5.4 | 5.6
LOC: 20-B2.1k | 20-B2.5k
PTS: 1
6. ANS: genes
REF: K
OBJ: 5.6
LOC: 20-B2.6k
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 5.5
LOC: 20-B2.3k | 20-B2.2k
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
PTS: 1
REF: S
OBJ: 5.4
MATCHING
1. ANS:
LOC:
2. ANS:
LOC:
3. ANS:
LOC:
4. ANS:
LOC:
5. ANS:
LOC:
E
20-B2.2s
D
20-B2.2s
A
20-B2.2s
C
20-B2.2s
B
20-B2.2s
6. ANS:
LOC:
7. ANS:
LOC:
8. ANS:
LOC:
9. ANS:
LOC:
A
20-B2.2s
D
20-B2.2s
C
20-B2.2s
E
20-B2.2s
2
ID: A
SHORT ANSWER
1. ANS:
The theory that evolutionary change is slow and constant (e.g., the evolution of the horse is considered to
have numerous transitional species).
Any example discussed in class would be acceptable.
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 5.6
LOC: 20-B2.6k
2. ANS:
The theory that evolutionary change is rapid at intervals and unchanging over long periods of time (e.g.,
mammals remained small and unchanged for long periods of time prior to the extinction of the dinosaurs, but
then evolved very rapidly).
Any other example from class is acceptable.
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 5.6
LOC: 20-B2.6k
3. ANS:
A species is considered to be the members of a population of organisms that are able to reproduce under
natural conditions and have fertile offspring.
Example: human, geranium, etc.
Unacceptable answers would include: plants, trees, bacteria; student must demonstrate knowledge of the
concept.
PTS: 1
REF: K | S
OBJ: 5.1
LOC: 20-B2.5k | 20-B2.3s
4. ANS:
Rates: Artificial is faster than natural selection.
End Results: The environment determines the end result in natural selection, but in artificial selection, the
breeder has a planned end result.
PTS: 1
REF: K
OBJ: 5.3 | 5.4
3
LOC: 20-B2.2k | 20-B2.5k