• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Evolution
Evolution

...  Natural Selection  “Survival of fit”  Reproduction of the best adapted species ...
Some Evolutionary Basics
Some Evolutionary Basics

... First you need to know that the most important mechanism of evolution is Natural Selection. Natural selection is a process that discriminates between what works and what doesn’t work when it comes to traits that confer differential success in survival and reproduction between individuals. Success de ...
Darwin and Evolution
Darwin and Evolution

... at both ends of the distribution. These mice have colonized a patchy habitat made up of light and dark rocks, with the result that mice of an intermediate color are at a disadvantage. ...
File - Biology with Mrs. Mercaldi
File - Biology with Mrs. Mercaldi

... processes that shaped Earth in the past continue to operate today? a. inheritance of acquired characteristics c. uniformitarianism b. catastrophism d. descent with modification _____ 3. Darwin used the phrase “descent with modification” to mean that a. new species descended from preexisting species, ...
evolution review sheet - rosedale11universitybiology
evolution review sheet - rosedale11universitybiology

... 2. Acquired physical characteristics (characteristics acquired after birth) can be passed on to their offspring. 3. Genes, responsible for new traits that help a species survive will decrease in frequency. ...
Natural Selection Web Quest
Natural Selection Web Quest

... 13. Write a paragraph with at least 7 sentences that includes the following: a. The name of the game b. The goal (This is the second paragraph before you pick your organisms). c. Describe the three variations you picked for the game (Tip: click “More Mutations” for more variety in your population). ...
Biology 121 Practice Exam 5
Biology 121 Practice Exam 5

... 24. A plant species being preyed upon by cows possesses a protein which, through a single mutation, can change into a potent cow repellent. Natural selection will: a. cause this gene to mutate more often. b. cause this gene to mutate less often. c. have no effect on the rate of mutation. 25. In a po ...
Evolution - Siegel Science
Evolution - Siegel Science

... These birds survive and reproduce eventually resulting in a different population of birds from the original. 2. Gene Flow – a population may gain or lose alleles when individuals move into or out of populations.  It tends to reduce differences between populations  Ex. The armies of Alexander the G ...
Printable Activities
Printable Activities

... Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests natural selection as the mechanism of adaptive change. Mendel’s genetics explains how characters are transmitted from one generation to the next. Geneticist Dobzhansky suggested that variations in organisms originate from mutations and genetic recombination. Sim ...
December 2010 501 NEW BIOLOGICAL BOOKS
December 2010 501 NEW BIOLOGICAL BOOKS

... species can only evolve when the population is genetically uniform, i.e., “on the edge of extinction for several generations” (Flegr 2010:2). Subsequently, polymorphism may accumulate in the gene pool due to “frequency-dependent selection,” at which point the species can no longer evolve; it becomes ...
Evolutionary Theory notes
Evolutionary Theory notes

... many more offspring than can possibly survive on the limited resources generally available. • poverty, famine, and disease were natural outcomes that resulted from overpopulation. • However, Malthus believed that divine forces were ultimately responsible for such outcomes, which, though natural, wer ...
Lecture 17
Lecture 17

... • SO: the ability to survive and reproduce will lead to an accumulation of favorable inheritable traits • if these traits make your offspring more successful at coping with its environment = traits will persist over time = NATURAL SELECTION ...
Evolution reading p49
Evolution reading p49

... Let’s review any questions… All answer #5 together Worksheet is collected today! ...
Document
Document

... Inference #2 - Survival depends in part on inherited traits. Individuals whose inherited traits give them a high probability of surviving and reproducing in a given environment have higher fitness (an advantage) and are likely to leave more offspring than less fit (disadvantaged) individuals. Infer ...
Chapter 4 PP1234
Chapter 4 PP1234

...  Mile run and 1.5 mile run, 9 & 12 minute run.  What does it mean to be at your optimal fitness level ...
Tommy.Allen.Bio.Evo.Test.A
Tommy.Allen.Bio.Evo.Test.A

... Chapter 11 & 12 Evolution Test 1. Which test do you have? A. A C. C ...
Evolution Evolution
Evolution Evolution

... Genes from crops rapidly can take over those in related wild plants. The end result could be major changes in the genetic make-up of wild plants, decreases in their population size, and the permanent loss of natural traits that could improve crop health. “The fact is that most genes for crop ...
Evolution
Evolution

... – Charles Darwin – naturalist in 1859 takes a trip on the HMS Beagle and makes some observations that leads him to come up with his theory of evolution. • Natural selection – the name of Darwin’s theory of evolution. It states that environmental conditions determine which organisms survive and repr ...
AS 2.3.3 Evolution - Mrs Miller`s Blog
AS 2.3.3 Evolution - Mrs Miller`s Blog

... (a) define the term variation; (b) discuss the fact that variation occurs within as well as between species; (c) describe the differences between continuous and discontinuous variation, using examples of a range of characteristics found in plants, animals and microorganisms; (d) explain both genetic ...
Evolution
Evolution

... – Lamarck’s ideas were incorrect in several ways (he did not know how traits are inherited) – He did not know that an organism’s behavior has no effect on its inheritable characteristics. – Lamarck was one of the first to develop a scientific theory of evolution and realize that organisms are adapte ...
population
population

... Artificial Selection, Natural Selection, and Adaptation  Darwin noted that humans have modified other species by selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits, a process called artificial selection  Darwin drew two inferences from two observations ...
Origin of Life
Origin of Life

... • All living things have the potential to produce more offspring than the World can support, but growth is controlled by the “cruelty of nature”. • Because no two organisms (resulting from sexual reproduction) are identical, environmental pressures will lead to the survival of the few offspring that ...
PowerPoint - Home (www2)
PowerPoint - Home (www2)

... traits are modified, then passed along to offspring and down generations  Natural selection—differences in reproduction of individuals within a population based on characteristics related to survival ...
Chapter 15 notes I. Darwin`s Voyage and Discovery A. 1809 Charles
Chapter 15 notes I. Darwin`s Voyage and Discovery A. 1809 Charles

... 3. Use and disuse: organisms can alter their body shape by using their bodies in different ways or lose parts by not using them a. If bird stopped using its wings for flight then the wings would get smaller. 4. Inheritance of acquired traits: if an organism acquired a new trait – it would pass it on ...
“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”
“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”

... over time, leading to evolutionary change • Acts on whole animal with its combination of traits, not just the isolated beneficial trait • Controversial 1. Can not generate new structures, only modify old ones; So, what use is a partial wing? • Answer: exaptation 2. Other non-selective forces: geneti ...
< 1 ... 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 ... 134 >

Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report