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“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”
“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”

... over time, leading to evolutionary change • Acts on whole animal with its combination of traits, not just the isolated beneficial trait • Controversial 1. Can not generate new structures, only modify old ones; So, what use is a partial wing? • Answer: exaptation 2. Other non-selective forces: geneti ...
darwin evolution
darwin evolution

...  More types of finches appeared on the islands where the available food was different (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…)  Finches had different types of beaks adapted to their type of food gathering ...
Evolution (Test 2)
Evolution (Test 2)

... b. Humans have changed millions of acres of land from a varied nonproductive wasteland to a sterile field of a single species, and thus destroyed the natural variation. c. Through the selection of a set of traits that are desired, the human population has placed external pressures on the natural spe ...
Evolution (Test 2)
Evolution (Test 2)

... b. Humans have changed millions of acres of land from a varied nonproductive wasteland to a sterile field of a single species, and thus destroyed the natural variation. c. Through the selection of a set of traits that are desired, the human population has placed external pressures on the natural spe ...
File - Dr. Spence - Advanced Placement Biology
File - Dr. Spence - Advanced Placement Biology

... environment are the ones who are most likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those desirable variations on to the next generation. Inference 2: Unequal survival and reproduction will lead to favored traits that may become inherited by future generations. ...
natural selection
natural selection

... • Species that are closely related share characteristics ...
evolution
evolution

... • Sexual selection can drive sympatric speciation • Sexual selection for mates of different colors has likely contributed to the speciation in cichlid fish in Lake Victoria ...
15-1 The Puzzle of Life`s Diversity
15-1 The Puzzle of Life`s Diversity

... characteristics accumulating over ...
Living things are made of tiny building blocks called cells.
Living things are made of tiny building blocks called cells.

... The black moth is now a contrasting colour to the leaf. The way it changed has made it far more visible to predators. It is unlikely to survive to create offspring! This change is part of a long evolutionary process and is called an adaptation. Eventually a living thing adapts to become so differen ...
Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance

... • Lamarck theorized that these sorts of traits were heritable. As we will soon see, evolution is something that takes place over generations, not in an individuals lifetime. • Lamarck did lay the foundation for Darwin’s theory by stating that species change with the “physical conditions of life” - t ...
Evolution - Westlake FFA
Evolution - Westlake FFA

... 2. There is no net increase in the number of individuals over a long period of time Spider eggs: Many more produced than will survive ...
Species
Species

... 2. There is no net increase in the number of individuals over a long period of time Spider eggs: Many more produced than will survive ...
5.4 Evolution - Cloudfront.net
5.4 Evolution - Cloudfront.net

...  cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population. • ‘heritable’ – • changes must be passed on genetically from one generation to the next • implies that evolution doesn’t happen overnight • ‘cumulative’ • one change isn’t enough to have major impact on the species • ‘population’ ...
Evolution review
Evolution review

... LEQ: How do mutation and genetic recombination impact genetic variation? LEQ: What influence do genetic drift and gene flow have on evolutionary change? • Review DNA mutation and protein synthesis. • Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation. • Review foldable for c ...
PowerPoint: Artificial Selection
PowerPoint: Artificial Selection

... Mr. Carter & Ms. Dignan’s Biology Class ...
Ch - WordPress.com
Ch - WordPress.com

... The organisms that are living today have all evolved at the same rate and have undergone the same kinds of changes. Evolution involves changes that give rise to a variety of organisms, some of which continue to change through time while others die out. These patterns cannot be used to illustrate the ...
diversity and evolution - Winona State University
diversity and evolution - Winona State University

... Rapid, abrupt changes that produce quick shifts in character No intermediate forms ...
Natural Selection - Solon City Schools
Natural Selection - Solon City Schools

... survive and reproduce • These are the individuals that will pass on their genes to the next generation. • This can change the GENE POOL: • Includes all the genes of every reproductive member of a population ...
hssv0402t_powerpres
hssv0402t_powerpres

... Evolution by Natural Selection • Natural selection is the process by which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do. • Darwin proposed that over many generations, natural selec ...
Evolution - MrsHBraaten
Evolution - MrsHBraaten

... • Darwin did not understand how traits were passed on from parents to offspring. An Austrian monk, working in isolation in a monastery, discovered the mechanisms for heredity (though he was also unaware of Darwin’s evolutionary theory.) Genetics and evolution were combined to form modern evolutionar ...
Objectives, Study Guide, Homework
Objectives, Study Guide, Homework

... 2. What two processes can introduce a new allele into a population? What can a new allele cause? 3. Describe the difference between gene flow and genetic drift. 4. Why is a large population necessary to maintain genetic equilibrium? 5. Define population. Do individuals or populations evolve? Support ...
Evol unit: part 1
Evol unit: part 1

... Darwin's travels on the HMS Beagle took him to the Galapagos Islands where he noted similar animals to those on the South American continent, but they were not exactly alike. One example were the finches he found on the different islands. ...
Natural Selection (22) The Evolution of Populations (23)
Natural Selection (22) The Evolution of Populations (23)

... species, provides evidence of evolution • Earth’s continents were formerly united in a single large continent called Pangaea, but have since separated by continental drift • An understanding of continent movement and modern distribution of species allows us to predict when and where different groups ...
Evolution - Westlands School Homework
Evolution - Westlands School Homework

... Individuals with genotype tt are non tasters. In a group of people, 195 individuals were able to taste PTC and 105 could not taste it. Assuming that the Hardy-Weinberg principle applies in this case, calculate the frequency of individuals with genotype Tt. Show your working. ...
Quiz 1_1407 1) Catastrophism was Cuvier`s attempt to explain the
Quiz 1_1407 1) Catastrophism was Cuvier`s attempt to explain the

... B) and the evolution of species both occur C) and the evolution of species do not occur D) does not occur, but evolution does occur 3) Which pair of scientists below would probably have agreed with the process that is depicted by this tree? A) Cuvier and Lamarck B) Lamarck and Wallace C) Aristotle a ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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