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Evolution - mvhs
Evolution - mvhs

... Img Src: http://www.panspermia.org/darwin.jpg ...
Computer Simulations on Evolution
Computer Simulations on Evolution

... which traits are inherited that continue to form the basic principles of genetics that are followed in modern-day genetics laboratories. Mendel's discoveries, and subsequent work on gene structure and function, established an explanation for how organisms can change over time to produce individuals ...
Week 4 Evolution Ideas and Evidence
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Natural Selection
Natural Selection

...  Survival of the Fittest (which Chucky D NEVER said) means those who have the most offspring that reproduce  So, the answer to the trilogy of problems is:  ‘Descent with modification from a common ancestor, NOT random modification, but, modification shaped by natural selection’ ...
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... Group selection holds that natural selection operates on groups, such as diverse ecosystems, just as it does on individuals, to select traits that lead to higher reproductive success. Previous tests of group selection focused on only one or a Binghamton University few species, explains longtime prop ...
Evolution and the History of Life
Evolution and the History of Life

... • Gene flow essentially moves alleles between populations – this tends to make neighboring populations similar to each other – because they exchange alleles and individuals in each have ancestors from the other – gene flow can take a mutation in one population and spread it throughout the world ...
Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution
Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution

... Modern Theory of Evolution Origins of Evolution Natural Selection & Types Influences of Evolution Patterns of Evolution & Speciation Evidences of Evolution ...
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... mutations compared to your parents DNA) • Mutations in gametic cells can be passed down and create change • Mutagens: external factors that cause DNA to change Ex: Ultraviolet radiation ...
Population Genetics
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Population Genetics
Population Genetics

... or fecundity of individuals with certain arrays of phenotypes as compared to individuals with alternative phenotypes. • Migration: The movement of alleles from one population to another, typically by the movement of individuals or via long-range dispersal of gametes. • Genetic Drift: Change in the f ...
File
File

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Evolution - Northwest ISD Moodle
Evolution - Northwest ISD Moodle

... diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments that blocks the gene flow among the distinct populations. This allows differentiation of characteristics through genetic drift and natural selection. ...
EVOLUTION
EVOLUTION

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Cycles of Life: EXPLORING BIOLOGY Module 1: Biological
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... 4. How do fossils provide evidence for the theory of continental drift? • Seemingly related fossils found on opposite sides of the world, have been found in what can be interpreted as a single “range”, only if the continents are “fit” together. 5. What other methods do scientists use to reconstruct ...
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I can describe the genetic variability of offspring due to mutations

... and vary the variable that you controlled. How does your population of rabbits change? What conclusions can you make and how would you further change the experiment? Essential Ideas:  Similarities within the diversity of existing and fossil organisms are due to natural selection.  Prior to Darwin, ...
Book review of Gary Cziko by Piero Scaruffi
Book review of Gary Cziko by Piero Scaruffi

... system is as blind as the immune system that creates an army of antibodies. Nonetheless, a control system exhibits a behavior that appears to be "purposeful". It is, in turn, "controlled" by higher-level control systems. An organism is ultimately a hierarchy of control systems, each of which senses ...
Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A
Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A

... Which of the factors above tends to reduce the genetic differences between populations and make populations more similar? ...
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... 11. Let's try to summarize Darwin's observations that drive changes in species over time: ...
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... Scene - On a distant planet there exists 5 species of a creature called a Woolybooger. Each Woolybooger is similar except their mouth has variations. All woolyboogers eat beans. Some woolyboogers have a clothespin mouth (demonstrate how to use the clothespin to pick up beans). Some woolyboogers have ...
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... structure and function reflect adaptation, a nonteleological process of interaction between the organism and its environment. A cognitive trait tending to increase inclusive fitness in a given population should therefore grow more common over time, and a trait tending to prevent its carriers from pa ...
A Study of Genetic Drift in Callosobruchus maculatus
A Study of Genetic Drift in Callosobruchus maculatus

... remains constant. The H-W equilibrium can be used as baseline by which populations can be compared over time. A change in the allele frequency at a locus between generations is indicative of evolution (a change) and indicates that at least one of the 5 assumptions of H-W equilibrium has been violate ...
Genetics to Genomics (From Basics to Buzzwords)
Genetics to Genomics (From Basics to Buzzwords)

...  As we saw earlier, that depends on what phenotype one is examining  Even more insidious, that depends on population size and population structure  In small populations, it takes a mighty big change in fitness (either positive or negative) to counter-act the stochastic process of genetic drift. “ ...
Natural Selection and Evolution
Natural Selection and Evolution

... In evolutionary terms, survival means reproducing and passing adaptations on to the next generation. ...
I. Developing the Theory of Natural Selection
I. Developing the Theory of Natural Selection

... a. What 5 conditions are present for genetic equilibrium to exist in a population? (1) no genetic drift; (2) no gen flow; (3) no mutations; (4) random mating; (5) no natural selection (no evolution) b. These 5 conditions are known to be mechanisms for what? evolutionary change (or lack of) c. Which ...
lecture_ch08_clickers
lecture_ch08_clickers

... natural selection can adapt organisms to them. 2. All possible alleles are not produced by mutation. 3. There is not always a single optimum adaptation for an environment. ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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