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Genes in Populations II: Deviations from Hardy
Genes in Populations II: Deviations from Hardy

... Genetic drift – random changes in allele frequencies between generations • due to sampling error • greatest effect in small populations – population bottlenecks – founder effect ...
Principles of Heredity
Principles of Heredity

... Prior to Darwin • Prevailing view that species were unchanging – Aristotle proposed a “scale of nature”, that organized fixed species from least to most complex – Special Creation as the origin of species was reinforced by religious thought and interpretation of scientific evidence, such as the cla ...
Adaptations Study Guide Answer Key
Adaptations Study Guide Answer Key

... and circumstances had a better chance of survival than individuals who lacked these features. These adaptable organisms survived to breed and produce offspring which generally inherited the ‘successful’ features of their parents. He called this process ‘natural selection’. Darwin knew that organisms ...
Chaptrer 23 Part 2: Intro to Hardy Weinberg
Chaptrer 23 Part 2: Intro to Hardy Weinberg

... RBC to sickle  breakdown of RBC  clogging small blood vessels  damage to organs ...
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Requirements for natural selection

... Men who dive for pearls evolve to have a larger lung capacity. ...
Unit 09 - Lessons 1-3
Unit 09 - Lessons 1-3

... 11.3 Other Mechanisms of Evolution !   Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies due to chance. •  Genetic drift causes a loss of genetic diversity. •  It is most common in small populations. •  Bottleneck - A population bottleneck can lead to genetic drift. –  It occurs when an event ...
1 Natural Selection and Genetic Variations
1 Natural Selection and Genetic Variations

... down to offspring. All of the tortoises with long-necks will be "naturally selected" to survive. Every plant and animal depends on its traits to survive. Survival may include getting food, building homes, and attracting mates. Traits that allow a plant, animal, or other organism to survive and repro ...
X Multiple Centers of Creation (de Buffon) X Catastrophism
X Multiple Centers of Creation (de Buffon) X Catastrophism

... • the change in gene frequency population • a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time • the smallest biological unit that can evolve evolutionary impact of natural selection is only apparent in tracking how a population changes over time (individual organism ...
allele frequency is how common is that allele in the population how
allele frequency is how common is that allele in the population how

... RBC to sickle  breakdown of RBC  clogging small blood vessels  damage to organs ...
File
File

... not pass on their responses as heritable traits. Rather, populations evolve when natural selection acts (indirectly) on genes. ...
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Unit Details bio 3

... Explain how natural selection influences the changes in species over ...
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A very different form of selection

... 2) Intra-sexual competition – favors traits that give advantage in contests between members of same sex (usually males) - e.g. large size, horns ...
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evolution_-_theory__patterns_ch._15__16_part

... after inheritance was explained through genetics, Lamarckism was abandoned. If you grow big muscles by lifting weights, will you pass this acquired trait on to your offspring? ...
Evolution Study Guide
Evolution Study Guide

... 7. Define adaptation. Occurs when organisms change to better fit their environment 8. What did Darwin use to explain evolution. Beaks of finches from the Galapagos 9. Organisms that are well suited to their environment……….(finish the definition) Reproduce more successfully than other organisms 10. D ...
Lab 11 Microevolution Lab
Lab 11 Microevolution Lab

... and artificial selection. All of these mechanisms are important, but for this lab, we’ll focus on just two – natural selection and genetic drift. Natural selection favors alleles that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in its current environment (evolutionary fitness). Since wh ...
Evolution
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... combination of traits, has a specific ability to exploit those resources, that is, to maximize reproductive success (‘Darwinian fitness’) in a particular ecological niche. Those that leave the most offspring have, by definition, the highest fitness, and thus are most successful in passing on their g ...
Lecture 0.1: History and Introduction
Lecture 0.1: History and Introduction

...  The amount of offspring of individuals is (much) higher than the capacity of the environment, thus there is concurrence (Malthusian idea)  At each generation the most succesful individuals reproduce and transmit their characteristics further, the unsuccesful ones do not => The survival and reprod ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Tutorial
Evolution and Natural Selection Tutorial

... Catastrophism- volcanoes, floods and earthquakes are events that were responsible for mass extinctions and the formation of all landforms, causing organisms to become extinct. ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Tutorial
Evolution and Natural Selection Tutorial

... Catastrophism- volcanoes, floods and earthquakes are events that were responsible for mass extinctions and the formation of all landforms, causing organisms to become extinct. ...
Evolution
Evolution

... Stabilizing Selection • If individuals near the center of the bell curve have higher fitness (= leave a greater amount of fertile offspring) then stabilizing selection occurs. ...
Evolution - NVHSIntroBioPiper1
Evolution - NVHSIntroBioPiper1

... beak was special for eating a different type of food. The birds adapted or changed so they could eat their food. One bird could have a long beak to get in holes to eat insects, and another might have a big beak to crush nuts. ...
Natural Selection
Natural Selection

... Natural selection was the mechanism that Darwin proposed for evolution. With the understanding of genetics, it became evident that factors other than natural selection can change allele frequencies and thus promote evolution. These factors, together with natural selection, are given below. Describe ...
Evolution
Evolution

... Read to Learn Mechanisms of Evolution Natural selection helps explain how one or two ancestors became today’s diversity. Natural selection is one way that species evolve, but it is not the only way. In the 150 years since Darwin published his findings on natural selection, scientists have learned mu ...
Parallel Evolution
Parallel Evolution

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EVOLUTION (2) ENGLISH
EVOLUTION (2) ENGLISH

... are more "fit" and tend to survive and reproduce, passing on their adaptations to the next generation in greater frequency than those adaptations of the less "fit" members of the population. Fitness is a measure of an individuals ability to survive and reproduce. Those with the highest fitness are m ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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