Interactions of Annexins with the mu Subunits of the Clathrin
... To search for proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of annexin A2, the N-terminal 34 residues were fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain and used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The bait construct was found not to cause autoactivation in c ...
... To search for proteins that interact with the N-terminal domain of annexin A2, the N-terminal 34 residues were fused to the yeast GAL4 DNA binding domain and used as a bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human fetal brain cDNA library. The bait construct was found not to cause autoactivation in c ...
2014_ACIC - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
... 2.1 Gemini surfactants with amino acids or peptides as headgroups One approach to minimize the toxicity of cationic bisQuats surfactants was to design soft Gemini molecules from biocompatible single chain amino acid-based surfactants. These new molecules combine the advantages of Gemini surfactants ...
... 2.1 Gemini surfactants with amino acids or peptides as headgroups One approach to minimize the toxicity of cationic bisQuats surfactants was to design soft Gemini molecules from biocompatible single chain amino acid-based surfactants. These new molecules combine the advantages of Gemini surfactants ...
The Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code
... 1. There is strong statistical support for two major theories about the evolution of the canonical code. The code is highly resistant to errors relative to random codes, and there is a strong statistical association between at least some codons and the RNA binding sites for their cognate amino acids ...
... 1. There is strong statistical support for two major theories about the evolution of the canonical code. The code is highly resistant to errors relative to random codes, and there is a strong statistical association between at least some codons and the RNA binding sites for their cognate amino acids ...
Lipoprotein structure
... The classification into chylomicrons (CM), very low-density (VLDL), low-density (LDL), and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins is based on their relative contents of protein and lipid that determine the densities of these lipoprotein classes. Chylomicrons have only 1-2% protein while HDL have about 50% ...
... The classification into chylomicrons (CM), very low-density (VLDL), low-density (LDL), and high-density (HDL) lipoproteins is based on their relative contents of protein and lipid that determine the densities of these lipoprotein classes. Chylomicrons have only 1-2% protein while HDL have about 50% ...
Plakoglobin domains that define its association with the
... 1144 J. K. Wahl and others acting with filamentous actin (Rimm et al., 1995) and indirectly through an interaction with α-actinin (Knudsen et al., 1995). In previous studies we have shown that a central domain of plakoglobin is required for its interactions with N-cadherin (Sacco et al., 1995). In ...
... 1144 J. K. Wahl and others acting with filamentous actin (Rimm et al., 1995) and indirectly through an interaction with α-actinin (Knudsen et al., 1995). In previous studies we have shown that a central domain of plakoglobin is required for its interactions with N-cadherin (Sacco et al., 1995). In ...
Purification and characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from
... enzyme adsorption and recovery from the column, and cation exchange was unsuccessful. The presence of the cofactors TPP and MgS04 was essential for enzyme stability. The enzyme was unstable at pH values above 7.5 ; instability of pyruvate decarboxylase at alkaline pH has also been reported for the e ...
... enzyme adsorption and recovery from the column, and cation exchange was unsuccessful. The presence of the cofactors TPP and MgS04 was essential for enzyme stability. The enzyme was unstable at pH values above 7.5 ; instability of pyruvate decarboxylase at alkaline pH has also been reported for the e ...
The Role of the N-Terminal Domains of Bacterial Initiator DnaA in
... among organisms, with greater differences occurring among more unrelated taxonomic groups [3,4]. It is assumed that the molecular mechanism of replication initiation and its control are simplest in bacteria and most complex in Eukaryota. Indeed, the composition of the initiation complex in bacteria ...
... among organisms, with greater differences occurring among more unrelated taxonomic groups [3,4]. It is assumed that the molecular mechanism of replication initiation and its control are simplest in bacteria and most complex in Eukaryota. Indeed, the composition of the initiation complex in bacteria ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... Maciver et al., 1991). The presence of active filamentsevering proteins at molar ratios to actin as high as 0.1 to 0.64 (Mabuchi, 1983; Cooper et al., 1986; Barnburg and Bray, 1987) may contribute to the rapid turnover of filaments in cells. Cofilin, like thymosin/~4, inhibits exchange of nucleotide ...
... Maciver et al., 1991). The presence of active filamentsevering proteins at molar ratios to actin as high as 0.1 to 0.64 (Mabuchi, 1983; Cooper et al., 1986; Barnburg and Bray, 1987) may contribute to the rapid turnover of filaments in cells. Cofilin, like thymosin/~4, inhibits exchange of nucleotide ...
Ser/Thr
... • Major extracellular vertebrate O-glycan • Begins in cis-Golgi by attachment of GalNAc in alinkage to specific Ser/Thr residues • Assembly is simpler than Nlinked chains - no lipid intermediate is used • Always involves nucleotide sugars • Always occurs by addition to non-reducing terminus or by br ...
... • Major extracellular vertebrate O-glycan • Begins in cis-Golgi by attachment of GalNAc in alinkage to specific Ser/Thr residues • Assembly is simpler than Nlinked chains - no lipid intermediate is used • Always involves nucleotide sugars • Always occurs by addition to non-reducing terminus or by br ...
BAG1, a negative regulator of Hsp70 chaperone activity, uncouples
... was incubated with either Hsp70, or Hsp70 and BAG-1 in the presence or absence of ATP. In the absence of ATP, Hsp70 forms a stable complex with [125I]RCMLA, as detected in the native gel assay (Figure 2, lane 2), that rapidly dissociates upon addition of ATP (Figure 2, lanes 4–9). In striking contra ...
... was incubated with either Hsp70, or Hsp70 and BAG-1 in the presence or absence of ATP. In the absence of ATP, Hsp70 forms a stable complex with [125I]RCMLA, as detected in the native gel assay (Figure 2, lane 2), that rapidly dissociates upon addition of ATP (Figure 2, lanes 4–9). In striking contra ...
Raines, ChemRev 1998
... first, 0.25 N sulfuric acid at 5 °C, and then, pH 3.0 at 95-100 °C.84 The final step in this protocol calls for crystallization of the enzyme. The three-dimensional structure of RNase A is fully encoded by its amino acid sequence.85-89 This discovery made RNase A into a favorite model system for the ...
... first, 0.25 N sulfuric acid at 5 °C, and then, pH 3.0 at 95-100 °C.84 The final step in this protocol calls for crystallization of the enzyme. The three-dimensional structure of RNase A is fully encoded by its amino acid sequence.85-89 This discovery made RNase A into a favorite model system for the ...
animal nutrition - e
... The science of animal nutrition continues to advance and this has necessitated, to varying degrees, the updating of most chapters. In particular the new developments in dairy cow nutrition in the Feed into Milk System and the new nutrient requirements of pigs proposed by the British Society of Anima ...
... The science of animal nutrition continues to advance and this has necessitated, to varying degrees, the updating of most chapters. In particular the new developments in dairy cow nutrition in the Feed into Milk System and the new nutrient requirements of pigs proposed by the British Society of Anima ...
PDF - Beilstein
... divided into four distinct classes (I–IV) based on the differences between the biosynthetic enzymes that carry out dehydration and cyclisation [44]. Dehydration in class I lanthipeptide pathways is catalysed by a LanB dehydratase (NisB for nisin) and cyclisation is catalysed by a zinc-dependent LanC ...
... divided into four distinct classes (I–IV) based on the differences between the biosynthetic enzymes that carry out dehydration and cyclisation [44]. Dehydration in class I lanthipeptide pathways is catalysed by a LanB dehydratase (NisB for nisin) and cyclisation is catalysed by a zinc-dependent LanC ...
The Amino Acid Sequences of the Fd Fragments of Two Human y1
... for 3h) and the digest was fractionated. The on the peptide (see section below on carbohydrate compositions of the chymotryptic peptides are of Cor Fd fragment), the glutamic residue in given in Table 3 and the methods used in the isola- peptide M3.c is probably present in the acid form. tion of the ...
... for 3h) and the digest was fractionated. The on the peptide (see section below on carbohydrate compositions of the chymotryptic peptides are of Cor Fd fragment), the glutamic residue in given in Table 3 and the methods used in the isola- peptide M3.c is probably present in the acid form. tion of the ...
Cbp3–Cbp6 interacts with the yeast mitochondrial ribosomal tunnel
... as a docking site for a variety of biogenesis factors. This is well documented in bacteria (Kramer et al., 2009). The interactors of the tunnel exit of bacterial ribosomes can be classified into three different groups, namely (1) processing enzymes like ...
... as a docking site for a variety of biogenesis factors. This is well documented in bacteria (Kramer et al., 2009). The interactors of the tunnel exit of bacterial ribosomes can be classified into three different groups, namely (1) processing enzymes like ...
Substrate specificity and inhibitors of LRRK2, a protein kinase
... protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine (IC50 2 nM), K252 (IC50 4 nM) and Su-11248/sunitinib (IC50 15 nM) [7,8], no selective LRRK2 inhibitors have been reported thus far. We previously undertook a KESTREL (kinase substrate tracking and elucidation) screen in rat brain extracts to identify proteins ...
... protein kinase inhibitors staurosporine (IC50 2 nM), K252 (IC50 4 nM) and Su-11248/sunitinib (IC50 15 nM) [7,8], no selective LRRK2 inhibitors have been reported thus far. We previously undertook a KESTREL (kinase substrate tracking and elucidation) screen in rat brain extracts to identify proteins ...
... The present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules related to the var2csa gene family as well as amino acid sequences encoded by such nucleic acid molecules with respect to their role in mediating adhesion of infected red blood cells to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) in the placenta which is char ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... show that the long FtsZ polymers formed in solution contain mostly GTP. Incorporation of nucleotides into the protein was very fast either when the label was introduced at the onset of the reaction or subsequently during polymerization. Molecular modelling of an FtsZ dimer showed the presence of a c ...
... show that the long FtsZ polymers formed in solution contain mostly GTP. Incorporation of nucleotides into the protein was very fast either when the label was introduced at the onset of the reaction or subsequently during polymerization. Molecular modelling of an FtsZ dimer showed the presence of a c ...
Transmembrane Movement of Exogenous Long
... biological membranes, Hamilton and colleagues have shown uncharged fatty acids flip between the exoplasmic face and the cytoplasmic face of the membrane thereby obviating the need for a specific protein to promote transmembrane movement (65–68, 85–88, 138). In addition, there are several thermodynam ...
... biological membranes, Hamilton and colleagues have shown uncharged fatty acids flip between the exoplasmic face and the cytoplasmic face of the membrane thereby obviating the need for a specific protein to promote transmembrane movement (65–68, 85–88, 138). In addition, there are several thermodynam ...
New insight into the photoheterotrophic growth of the
... photoheterotrophic assimilation of volatile fatty acids in its regenerative life support system, MELiSSA. Here, we combined proteomic analysis with bacterial growth analysis and enzymatic activity assays in order to better understand acetate photoassimilation. In this isocitrate lyaselacking organis ...
... photoheterotrophic assimilation of volatile fatty acids in its regenerative life support system, MELiSSA. Here, we combined proteomic analysis with bacterial growth analysis and enzymatic activity assays in order to better understand acetate photoassimilation. In this isocitrate lyaselacking organis ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... of both subunits are necessary and sufficient to form a functional catalytic site with low cGMP-forming activity [5]. The binding of NO to the ferrous haem group located in the N-terminal domain of the β1 subunit activates cGMP catalysis several-hundred-fold [6]. Such a strong activation results in ...
... of both subunits are necessary and sufficient to form a functional catalytic site with low cGMP-forming activity [5]. The binding of NO to the ferrous haem group located in the N-terminal domain of the β1 subunit activates cGMP catalysis several-hundred-fold [6]. Such a strong activation results in ...
Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... DNA using Pfu DNA polymerase and the forward and reverse primers 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCCCGCCTAAGTTAGAAGTTGCGCT-3 and 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCTCCAATAGCTCCAGGGAAGGAAAGGGACG-3 for TbC/EK1; and 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCAAGTGCGTTGTGCAGGTCGGCGACGGT-3 and 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCCGTTGGAAGGAGGAAAACGGCCGAGG-3 for TbC/E ...
... DNA using Pfu DNA polymerase and the forward and reverse primers 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCCCGCCTAAGTTAGAAGTTGCGCT-3 and 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCTCCAATAGCTCCAGGGAAGGAAAGGGACG-3 for TbC/EK1; and 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCAAGTGCGTTGTGCAGGTCGGCGACGGT-3 and 5 -ATAAGTAAGCGGCCGCCGTTGGAAGGAGGAAAACGGCCGAGG-3 for TbC/E ...
Trichomonas vaginalis - Università degli Studi di Sassari
... Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral, curable, STD worldwide that annually affects millions of people[1]. The causative agent of infection is Trichomonas vaginalis, obligate extracellular mucosal parasite that induce significant health sequelae in both men and women. In women, symptoms range ...
... Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral, curable, STD worldwide that annually affects millions of people[1]. The causative agent of infection is Trichomonas vaginalis, obligate extracellular mucosal parasite that induce significant health sequelae in both men and women. In women, symptoms range ...
The Bacterial Toxin RelE Displays Codon
... At a RelE concentration four times less than the concentration of ribosomes that were competent in dipeptide formation (Zavialov et al., 2001; Experimental Procedures), peptide synthesis from the mRNA with UAG as stop codon was completely blocked by the toxin. With twenty times less RelE than active ...
... At a RelE concentration four times less than the concentration of ribosomes that were competent in dipeptide formation (Zavialov et al., 2001; Experimental Procedures), peptide synthesis from the mRNA with UAG as stop codon was completely blocked by the toxin. With twenty times less RelE than active ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.