Keverne et al (2001)
... Examination of the mammary glands of the mutant mothers showed them to be histologically normal both at prepartum and postpartum. Milk ejection is controlled by oxytocin released from the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei in response to the suckling stimulus. Postpartum ...
... Examination of the mammary glands of the mutant mothers showed them to be histologically normal both at prepartum and postpartum. Milk ejection is controlled by oxytocin released from the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei in response to the suckling stimulus. Postpartum ...
Genetic control of age-related gene expression and complex traits in
... persistence, which is a genetically-encoded age-associated phenotype. Genetic variants near the lactase gene can extend its expression from infancy to the entire human lifespan; these variants increase lactose digestion in an age-dependent manner, resulting in a selective advantage for adults who co ...
... persistence, which is a genetically-encoded age-associated phenotype. Genetic variants near the lactase gene can extend its expression from infancy to the entire human lifespan; these variants increase lactose digestion in an age-dependent manner, resulting in a selective advantage for adults who co ...
Aberrant DNA methylation in cancer: potential clinical
... occurring modification of human DNA (Fig. 1) and results from the activity of a family of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes that catalyse the addition of a methyl group to cytosine residues at CpG dinucleotides (Ref. 1). Alterations in DNA methylation are regarded as epigenetic, and not genetic, ...
... occurring modification of human DNA (Fig. 1) and results from the activity of a family of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes that catalyse the addition of a methyl group to cytosine residues at CpG dinucleotides (Ref. 1). Alterations in DNA methylation are regarded as epigenetic, and not genetic, ...
ELMER: An R/Bioconductor Tool Inferring Regulatory Element
... DNA methyaltion data feeding to ELMER should be a matrix of DNA methylation beta (β) value for samples (column) and probes (row) processed from row HM450K array data. If TCGA data were used, level 3 processed data from TCGA website will be downloaded and automatically transformed to the matrix by EL ...
... DNA methyaltion data feeding to ELMER should be a matrix of DNA methylation beta (β) value for samples (column) and probes (row) processed from row HM450K array data. If TCGA data were used, level 3 processed data from TCGA website will be downloaded and automatically transformed to the matrix by EL ...
Changes in Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
... The variable extent of the changes in LDL-C and HDL-C, upon restoration of the euthyroid state in hypothyroid patients, as observed in clinical practice, existed also in our patients. Changes in LDL-C were, however, not associated with the AvaII polymorphism. This is in contrast with the results of ...
... The variable extent of the changes in LDL-C and HDL-C, upon restoration of the euthyroid state in hypothyroid patients, as observed in clinical practice, existed also in our patients. Changes in LDL-C were, however, not associated with the AvaII polymorphism. This is in contrast with the results of ...
Maintenance of DNA Methylation during the Arabidopsis Life Cycle
... (GUS) (Luo et al., 2000), respectively. However, this transcriptional control may affect only the corresponding transcriptional reporter. Silencing in endosperm has been shown for the paternal copy of reporter constructs inserted at several loci, leading to the hypothesis of global silencing of the ...
... (GUS) (Luo et al., 2000), respectively. However, this transcriptional control may affect only the corresponding transcriptional reporter. Silencing in endosperm has been shown for the paternal copy of reporter constructs inserted at several loci, leading to the hypothesis of global silencing of the ...
Minireview Alpha Satellite and the Quest for the Human Centromere
... that the same sequences can have two different functional states. Thus, alphoid DNA is not necessary for (neo)centromere function. To our knowledge, human neocentromere activation has not been observed in chromosome rearrangements induced experimentally by irradiation or telomere-associated fragment ...
... that the same sequences can have two different functional states. Thus, alphoid DNA is not necessary for (neo)centromere function. To our knowledge, human neocentromere activation has not been observed in chromosome rearrangements induced experimentally by irradiation or telomere-associated fragment ...
Dihybrid Crosses Worksheet
... 3. What fraction of the offspring will be rough and green? Remember to express this as -/16. 4. What fraction of the offspring will be AAbb? 5. What fraction of the offspring will be homozygous dominant for both traits? 6. What fraction of the offspring will be heterozygous for both traits? ...
... 3. What fraction of the offspring will be rough and green? Remember to express this as -/16. 4. What fraction of the offspring will be AAbb? 5. What fraction of the offspring will be homozygous dominant for both traits? 6. What fraction of the offspring will be heterozygous for both traits? ...
PDF - American Society of Mammalogists
... Many traits exhibit nonequivalent effects upon maternal versus paternal inheritance. Such ‘‘parent-of-origin’’ effects may be caused by several mechanisms including sex chromosomes and maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. Recently, a class of mammalian autosomal genes has emerged that shows ex ...
... Many traits exhibit nonequivalent effects upon maternal versus paternal inheritance. Such ‘‘parent-of-origin’’ effects may be caused by several mechanisms including sex chromosomes and maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. Recently, a class of mammalian autosomal genes has emerged that shows ex ...
The stress-coping (mis)match hypothesis for nature×nurture
... Fig. 1 – The SCM hypothesis: Stress-coping responses are shaped by nature (genotype) and the age (developmental stage) of stress experiences during nurture. When the acquired stress-coping response matches current stress conditions, the response will be adaptive, but mismatching will lead to maladap ...
... Fig. 1 – The SCM hypothesis: Stress-coping responses are shaped by nature (genotype) and the age (developmental stage) of stress experiences during nurture. When the acquired stress-coping response matches current stress conditions, the response will be adaptive, but mismatching will lead to maladap ...
Histone modifications and exercise adaptations
... in activity. In cultured, adult skeletal muscle fibers, electrical stimulation at 10 Hz, to mimic slow-twitch fiber activity, resulted in translocation of HDAC4, but not HDAC5, from the nuclear fraction to the cytoplasm (17, 35). This was associated with increased CaMKII activation and MEF2 transcri ...
... in activity. In cultured, adult skeletal muscle fibers, electrical stimulation at 10 Hz, to mimic slow-twitch fiber activity, resulted in translocation of HDAC4, but not HDAC5, from the nuclear fraction to the cytoplasm (17, 35). This was associated with increased CaMKII activation and MEF2 transcri ...
Epigenetic Regulation ofbdnfGene Transcription in the
... learning induced differential regulation of exon-specific bdnf mRNAs (I, IV, VI, IX) that was associated with changes in bdnf DNA methylation and altered local chromatin structure. Infusions of zebularine (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) significantly altered bdnf DNA methylation and triggered ch ...
... learning induced differential regulation of exon-specific bdnf mRNAs (I, IV, VI, IX) that was associated with changes in bdnf DNA methylation and altered local chromatin structure. Infusions of zebularine (a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) significantly altered bdnf DNA methylation and triggered ch ...
Two Modes of Transgenerational Information Transmission Nicholas
... making paternal information about the light environment unreliable. And lineages of offspring do not remain in the same light environment as their mothers for sufficiently many generations for natural selection to act and build up maternally-inherited information about being in a light gap, say (eit ...
... making paternal information about the light environment unreliable. And lineages of offspring do not remain in the same light environment as their mothers for sufficiently many generations for natural selection to act and build up maternally-inherited information about being in a light gap, say (eit ...
The regulation of expression of the porin gene ompC
... Dilution of cells to an OD600of 0.05 was followed by rapid growth at a rate that was independent of the external pH. Only when the cells had accomplished several generations at pH 6 was a change in the expression of the ompC locus noted. The synthesis of Pgalactosidase took place at a rate faster th ...
... Dilution of cells to an OD600of 0.05 was followed by rapid growth at a rate that was independent of the external pH. Only when the cells had accomplished several generations at pH 6 was a change in the expression of the ompC locus noted. The synthesis of Pgalactosidase took place at a rate faster th ...
Rebuttal - MIT Technology Review
... No: gene expression changes either are compensatory responses to other, non-genetic changes – and thus will typically revert when the latter are reversed as SENS proposes5 – or are caused by epimutations (random, stochastic changes in DNA methylation or histone modification), whose incidence is kept ...
... No: gene expression changes either are compensatory responses to other, non-genetic changes – and thus will typically revert when the latter are reversed as SENS proposes5 – or are caused by epimutations (random, stochastic changes in DNA methylation or histone modification), whose incidence is kept ...
Impact of nucleosome dynamics and histone modifications
... methylation can either repress or activate gene transcription. It can be also associated with eu- or heterochromatin depending on the target residue and the number of methyl groups added. Most studies of Arabidopsis KMTases have been carried out so far with the homologs of the trithorax and Polycomb ...
... methylation can either repress or activate gene transcription. It can be also associated with eu- or heterochromatin depending on the target residue and the number of methyl groups added. Most studies of Arabidopsis KMTases have been carried out so far with the homologs of the trithorax and Polycomb ...
Polycomb Group silencers collaborate with Notch pathway to cause
... Figure S1 Both lola and psq genes are affected by eyeful. a, Detail of the first intron of lola. The insertion and orientation of nine EP lines and two GS lines, eyeful and 71A5, isolated in this study are shown. b and c, RT-PCR overexpression of lola (b) and psq (c). RT-PCR analysis of mRNA abundan ...
... Figure S1 Both lola and psq genes are affected by eyeful. a, Detail of the first intron of lola. The insertion and orientation of nine EP lines and two GS lines, eyeful and 71A5, isolated in this study are shown. b and c, RT-PCR overexpression of lola (b) and psq (c). RT-PCR analysis of mRNA abundan ...
Nutrigenomics in the Patient Care Process: Figuring Out the Puzzle
... • Follow-up - how pathways are “pushed” or driven; feelings of detoxification • Monitor dietary and lifestyle changes, supplement ...
... • Follow-up - how pathways are “pushed” or driven; feelings of detoxification • Monitor dietary and lifestyle changes, supplement ...
Hair Color is a Heritable Trait
... • Ratio (PV/GV): Made larger by diversifying the genetic variance &/or minimizing environmental effects • Sample specific, as with other correlations • Social control reduces heritability; heritability is generally higher under conditions of low social constraint e.g., Differences in disinhibition ( ...
... • Ratio (PV/GV): Made larger by diversifying the genetic variance &/or minimizing environmental effects • Sample specific, as with other correlations • Social control reduces heritability; heritability is generally higher under conditions of low social constraint e.g., Differences in disinhibition ( ...
Regional DNA Hypermethylation at D17S5
... tations in human cancers. Our results in renal cancer strongly suggest that this hypermethylation precedes the other two events. If so, hy was one tumor (Fig. 3) which, although it retained both 17p alÃ-eles, permethylation either plays a direct role in causing chromatin changes had a p53 gene point ...
... tations in human cancers. Our results in renal cancer strongly suggest that this hypermethylation precedes the other two events. If so, hy was one tumor (Fig. 3) which, although it retained both 17p alÃ-eles, permethylation either plays a direct role in causing chromatin changes had a p53 gene point ...
Toxicity Mechanisms Identification via Gene Set
... individually to discerning sets of genes that share common biological function or regulation, pathway analysis catches the expression patterns on the higher pathway level, avoids results misinterpretation due to subjective expression thresholds for individual genes, and reduces the complexity of dat ...
... individually to discerning sets of genes that share common biological function or regulation, pathway analysis catches the expression patterns on the higher pathway level, avoids results misinterpretation due to subjective expression thresholds for individual genes, and reduces the complexity of dat ...
Caspary T, Cleary MA, Baker CC, Guan XJ, Tilghman SM. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;18(6):3466-74. Multiple mechanisms of imprinting on distal mouse chromosome 7.
... of p57Kip2 leads to embryonic or early neonatal death when inherited in the same manner (60, 62). Interestingly, p57Kip2 mutant mice exhibit some features of BWS, including macroglossia and omphalocele. Recently, another maternally expressed imprinted gene, KvLQT1, has been identified on human chrom ...
... of p57Kip2 leads to embryonic or early neonatal death when inherited in the same manner (60, 62). Interestingly, p57Kip2 mutant mice exhibit some features of BWS, including macroglossia and omphalocele. Recently, another maternally expressed imprinted gene, KvLQT1, has been identified on human chrom ...
The causes and molecular consequences of polyploidy
... origination of new genes via gene duplication and subsequent diversification.6,7 Although we have a fairly good understanding about the extent of polyploidy in eukaryotes8–10 and the modes of diversification of duplicate genes derived from polyploidy,11 there is still a considerable debate about whe ...
... origination of new genes via gene duplication and subsequent diversification.6,7 Although we have a fairly good understanding about the extent of polyploidy in eukaryotes8–10 and the modes of diversification of duplicate genes derived from polyploidy,11 there is still a considerable debate about whe ...
Genomic imprinting effects on brain development and function
... has recently been enhanced by in vitro molecular screening methods (commonly yeast two-hybrid screens) that have been used to examine the binding and interactions of imprinted-gene products with other molecules. One of the most extensively characterized imprinted genes in this regard is paternally e ...
... has recently been enhanced by in vitro molecular screening methods (commonly yeast two-hybrid screens) that have been used to examine the binding and interactions of imprinted-gene products with other molecules. One of the most extensively characterized imprinted genes in this regard is paternally e ...
Parental Legacy Determines Methylation and Expression of an
... Beechey, 1965; Solter, 1967; Surani, 1967). The implication of these studies is that both maternal and paternal contributions of specific chromosomal regions, and thus specific genes, are necessary for normal embryonic development. These genes must somehow be “imprinted” during inheritance from the ...
... Beechey, 1965; Solter, 1967; Surani, 1967). The implication of these studies is that both maternal and paternal contributions of specific chromosomal regions, and thus specific genes, are necessary for normal embryonic development. These genes must somehow be “imprinted” during inheritance from the ...
Behavioral epigenetics
Behavioral epigenetics is the field of study examining the role of epigenetics in shaping animal (including human) behaviour. It is an experimental science that seeks to explain how nurture shapes nature, where nature refers to biological heredity and nurture refers to virtually everything that occurs during the life-span (e.g., social-experience, diet and nutrition, and exposure to toxins). Behavioral epigenetics attempts to provide a framework for understanding how the expression of genes is influenced by experiences and the environment to produce individual differences in behaviour, cognition personality, and mental health.Epigenetic gene regulation involves changes other than to the sequence of DNA and includes changes to histones (proteins around which DNA is wrapped) and DNA methylation. These epigenetic changes can influence the growth of neurons in the developing brain as well as modify activity of the neurons in the adult brain. Together, these epigenetic changes on neuron structure and function can have a marked influence on an organism's behavior.