Green Fluorescent Protein-Glucocorticoid Receptor Knockin Mice
... response to GCs. It has been observed that both overexpression of GR and expression of antisense GR mRNA in transgenic mice alters thymocyte survival in vitro and in vivo (9 –11). Furthermore, the relative ratio of GR to other transcription factors within a given cell type determines whether the pre ...
... response to GCs. It has been observed that both overexpression of GR and expression of antisense GR mRNA in transgenic mice alters thymocyte survival in vitro and in vivo (9 –11). Furthermore, the relative ratio of GR to other transcription factors within a given cell type determines whether the pre ...
The Effect of the Mouse Mutation Claw Paw on Myelination and
... functional elements in this nodal architecture are voltage-gated sodium channels, which are highly concentrated at nodes of Ranvier but are diff use along internodal axolemma. The means by which nodal and internodal axolemma are differentiated, however, remains to be discerned. It is generally agree ...
... functional elements in this nodal architecture are voltage-gated sodium channels, which are highly concentrated at nodes of Ranvier but are diff use along internodal axolemma. The means by which nodal and internodal axolemma are differentiated, however, remains to be discerned. It is generally agree ...
A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by
... one class of voltage-activated KC channels (3). Subsequently, many KC channel genes were cloned from various organisms on the basis of sequence similarity with Sh, enabling elucidation of important structural features essential to K+ channel activity (4). However, none of these genes appears to enco ...
... one class of voltage-activated KC channels (3). Subsequently, many KC channel genes were cloned from various organisms on the basis of sequence similarity with Sh, enabling elucidation of important structural features essential to K+ channel activity (4). However, none of these genes appears to enco ...
Taste Blind: Quiz
... A. The person’s memory centers have been damaged. B. A stroke has damaged a specific region of the person’s brain. C. The bitter receptors in the person’s taste buds have been blocked. D. The nerve connecting the tongue to the brain has been damaged. 3. The allele for the ability to taste bitter sub ...
... A. The person’s memory centers have been damaged. B. A stroke has damaged a specific region of the person’s brain. C. The bitter receptors in the person’s taste buds have been blocked. D. The nerve connecting the tongue to the brain has been damaged. 3. The allele for the ability to taste bitter sub ...
A dominant-negative form of Arabidopsis β
... (ALMT1), an activator of AKT1 K+ channel (CIPK23), GABA shunt enzymes (GDH1, GDH2, GAD1, GABA-T) and malic enzyme (ME1, ME2). In the previous works intracellular acidification was induced by either lowering external pH or by addition of aluminium but the values on cytosolic pH were not determined. A ...
... (ALMT1), an activator of AKT1 K+ channel (CIPK23), GABA shunt enzymes (GDH1, GDH2, GAD1, GABA-T) and malic enzyme (ME1, ME2). In the previous works intracellular acidification was induced by either lowering external pH or by addition of aluminium but the values on cytosolic pH were not determined. A ...
Cloning of a Novel Na+-Dependent L
... was identified, and L-serine specific transport activity in H. influenzae cells was also observed [13]. The L-serine transport system showed properties similar to SdaC of E. coli. However, the L-serine transport system seems to use Na+ as a coupling ion while the SdaC of E. coli uses H+ [8]. Thus, t ...
... was identified, and L-serine specific transport activity in H. influenzae cells was also observed [13]. The L-serine transport system showed properties similar to SdaC of E. coli. However, the L-serine transport system seems to use Na+ as a coupling ion while the SdaC of E. coli uses H+ [8]. Thus, t ...
Products of the Ghrelin Gene, the Pancreatic β
... ghrelin (UAG), of which UAG is the most abundant [1, 11]. UAG, like AG, is mainly produced in the stomach; however, it is devoid of binding to GHS-R1a and therefore unable to stimulate GH release and food intake. Nonetheless, UAG exerts many biological activities, some of which similar and other opp ...
... ghrelin (UAG), of which UAG is the most abundant [1, 11]. UAG, like AG, is mainly produced in the stomach; however, it is devoid of binding to GHS-R1a and therefore unable to stimulate GH release and food intake. Nonetheless, UAG exerts many biological activities, some of which similar and other opp ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008.
... more readily than others, and that these cell lines had decreased expression of a metastasis suppressor gene, later designated as KiSS-1 (Lee et al, 1996). The gene was given its name because of its location on chromosome-1, the original nomenclature of the KiSS-1 gene and its product (kisspeptin) w ...
... more readily than others, and that these cell lines had decreased expression of a metastasis suppressor gene, later designated as KiSS-1 (Lee et al, 1996). The gene was given its name because of its location on chromosome-1, the original nomenclature of the KiSS-1 gene and its product (kisspeptin) w ...
Ancestry of neuronal monoamine transporters in the Metazoa
... Fig.·1. Metazoan monoamine transporters belonging to the SLC6 family of membrane transporters have diagnostic polypeptide motifs. These conserved motifs helped identify three different monoamine transporter types, iDAT, a dopamine transporter restricted to invertebrates, and two widely distributed m ...
... Fig.·1. Metazoan monoamine transporters belonging to the SLC6 family of membrane transporters have diagnostic polypeptide motifs. These conserved motifs helped identify three different monoamine transporter types, iDAT, a dopamine transporter restricted to invertebrates, and two widely distributed m ...
The fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva R206H
... BMP ligand. Phosphorylation of Smad2, a Smad specifically activated by TGF-β signaling, was not changed in response to mutant ACVR1, indicating specificity for the BMP signaling pathway (data not shown). Similar results were obtained using MC3T3-E1 (preosteoblast) cells (Figure 1B). Independently of ...
... BMP ligand. Phosphorylation of Smad2, a Smad specifically activated by TGF-β signaling, was not changed in response to mutant ACVR1, indicating specificity for the BMP signaling pathway (data not shown). Similar results were obtained using MC3T3-E1 (preosteoblast) cells (Figure 1B). Independently of ...
the association of chloroplast dna with photosynthetic membrane
... stroma lamellar membranes with some peripheral grana lamellae that are much less swollen. Vesicles labelled with [3H]thymidine were obtained from [3H]thymidine-labelled chloroplasts from spinach disks in which chloroplast division and cp DNA synthesis and segregation were occurring. The chloroplast ...
... stroma lamellar membranes with some peripheral grana lamellae that are much less swollen. Vesicles labelled with [3H]thymidine were obtained from [3H]thymidine-labelled chloroplasts from spinach disks in which chloroplast division and cp DNA synthesis and segregation were occurring. The chloroplast ...
ICSI
... All pregnancies begin with the joining together of a single sperm and egg, this process is known as fertilisation. The single cell that results will usually go on to develop into an embryo and hopefully later a baby. This would normally take place in the woman’s fallopian tubes, which allows eggs to ...
... All pregnancies begin with the joining together of a single sperm and egg, this process is known as fertilisation. The single cell that results will usually go on to develop into an embryo and hopefully later a baby. This would normally take place in the woman’s fallopian tubes, which allows eggs to ...
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Genetic, Functional, and Phenotypic Diversity
... sinigrin) using in vitro assays, and assessed genotypic associations with threshold detection phenotypes. Sequencing identified 3 single-nucleotide substitutions encoding 3 amino acid changes (C145G/P49A, C785T/A262V, and A886G/I296V), which combined to form 6 haplotypes in our sample. In vitro assa ...
... sinigrin) using in vitro assays, and assessed genotypic associations with threshold detection phenotypes. Sequencing identified 3 single-nucleotide substitutions encoding 3 amino acid changes (C145G/P49A, C785T/A262V, and A886G/I296V), which combined to form 6 haplotypes in our sample. In vitro assa ...
Drosophila rhino Encodes a Female-Specific Chromo
... levels of gurken (grk), oskar (osk), bicoid (bcd), and decapentaplegic (dpp) transcripts are normal, with a slight delay in the appearance of bcd and dpp mRNAs. Mislocalization of grk and osk transcripts, however, suggests a defect in the microtubule reorganization that occurs during the middle stag ...
... levels of gurken (grk), oskar (osk), bicoid (bcd), and decapentaplegic (dpp) transcripts are normal, with a slight delay in the appearance of bcd and dpp mRNAs. Mislocalization of grk and osk transcripts, however, suggests a defect in the microtubule reorganization that occurs during the middle stag ...
encore, a gene required for the regulation of germ line mitosis and
... nurse cells classes were influenced by genetic background since the frequency of these classes dropped to less than 2% (data not shown). Screen for new enc alleles Given the unusual properties of the encBB allele, it was unclear whether or not the defects associated with encBB represent the loss-of- ...
... nurse cells classes were influenced by genetic background since the frequency of these classes dropped to less than 2% (data not shown). Screen for new enc alleles Given the unusual properties of the encBB allele, it was unclear whether or not the defects associated with encBB represent the loss-of- ...
The Endocrine System
... Hormones fall into two general groups—steroid and nonsteroid hormones. Each type of hormone acts on a target cell in a different way. Steroid hormones are produced from a lipid called cholesterol. Nonsteroid hormones include proteins, small peptides, and modified amino acids. ...
... Hormones fall into two general groups—steroid and nonsteroid hormones. Each type of hormone acts on a target cell in a different way. Steroid hormones are produced from a lipid called cholesterol. Nonsteroid hormones include proteins, small peptides, and modified amino acids. ...
Signs of change: hormone receptors that regulate plant development
... determination of plant architecture, flowering, fruit ripening and shedding. In this review, we consider six classes of phytohormones that are key developmental regulators and for which the receptors are known (Table 1). This review will centre on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as it is in th ...
... determination of plant architecture, flowering, fruit ripening and shedding. In this review, we consider six classes of phytohormones that are key developmental regulators and for which the receptors are known (Table 1). This review will centre on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as it is in th ...
Leukaemia Section t(7;12)(q34;p13), t(12;14)(p13;q11) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... Disease T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). ...
... Disease T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). ...
The Amazing Sperm Race - National Math and Science Initiative
... Pool noodles can be found at local discount stores or pool supply stores. Because they are seasonal items, it is advisable to buy them during the summer season as they may not be available in your local stores during other times of the year. (Pool noodles can be bought year-round online, although sl ...
... Pool noodles can be found at local discount stores or pool supply stores. Because they are seasonal items, it is advisable to buy them during the summer season as they may not be available in your local stores during other times of the year. (Pool noodles can be bought year-round online, although sl ...
download file
... complementation, and deficiency testing were performed by standard genetic methods (Herman and Horvitz, 1980). Aldicarb, 2-methyl-2[methylthio]proprionaldehyde O-[methylcarbamoyl]oxime, was obtained from Chem Services (West Chester, PA) and was prepared as a 100 mM stock solution in 70% ethanol. Ald ...
... complementation, and deficiency testing were performed by standard genetic methods (Herman and Horvitz, 1980). Aldicarb, 2-methyl-2[methylthio]proprionaldehyde O-[methylcarbamoyl]oxime, was obtained from Chem Services (West Chester, PA) and was prepared as a 100 mM stock solution in 70% ethanol. Ald ...
HbF inducers
... exhibiting >2% HbF baseline levels responded to treatment, while those with lower HbF levels were resistant to this treatment ● Butyrate was also assayed in β-thalassemia patients ● Na phenyl butyrate: increase Hb levels 2gr/dl(1-2.5) ● Arginine butyrate ± EPO: increase Hb levels 2.7gr/dl (1-5). It ...
... exhibiting >2% HbF baseline levels responded to treatment, while those with lower HbF levels were resistant to this treatment ● Butyrate was also assayed in β-thalassemia patients ● Na phenyl butyrate: increase Hb levels 2gr/dl(1-2.5) ● Arginine butyrate ± EPO: increase Hb levels 2.7gr/dl (1-5). It ...
Gene Section AIP (aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein) in Oncology and Haematology
... 2008). AIP knockdown with siRNA also supports the tumour-suppressor role for AIP as it results in increased cell proliferation in GH3 cells (Heliovaara et al., 2009; Leontiou et al., 2008). Homozygous deletion of AIP is embryonically lethal due to cardiovascular developmental abnormalities and eryth ...
... 2008). AIP knockdown with siRNA also supports the tumour-suppressor role for AIP as it results in increased cell proliferation in GH3 cells (Heliovaara et al., 2009; Leontiou et al., 2008). Homozygous deletion of AIP is embryonically lethal due to cardiovascular developmental abnormalities and eryth ...
association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) start codon FokI
... that polymorphisms in the VDR gene affect cancer risk and the relevance of VDR gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of cancer has been investigated by a great number of studies.[7]In this study, we examined the frequency of VDR start codon genotypic variants in Sudanese A ...
... that polymorphisms in the VDR gene affect cancer risk and the relevance of VDR gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms for various types of cancer has been investigated by a great number of studies.[7]In this study, we examined the frequency of VDR start codon genotypic variants in Sudanese A ...
Achondroplasia: pathogenesis and implications for future treatment
... On the basis of the successful results from treating breast cancer patients with trastuzumab, this strategy was proposed for achondroplasia [53]. Trastuzumab (trade name Herceptin) is a humanized monoclonal antibody to the extracellular domain of the HER2/neu (ErbB2), a transmembrane receptor overex ...
... On the basis of the successful results from treating breast cancer patients with trastuzumab, this strategy was proposed for achondroplasia [53]. Trastuzumab (trade name Herceptin) is a humanized monoclonal antibody to the extracellular domain of the HER2/neu (ErbB2), a transmembrane receptor overex ...
Molecular Insights Into m Opioid Pharmacology
... given centrally were also lost in the exon 1 knockout mouse (Fig. 5B), whereas both morphine-6-glucuronide and 6-acetylmorphine, the active metabolite of heroin, retained their analgesic activity.34 The lack of effects of the deletion of exon 1 on the two k drugs: U50,488H and naloxone benzoylhydrazo ...
... given centrally were also lost in the exon 1 knockout mouse (Fig. 5B), whereas both morphine-6-glucuronide and 6-acetylmorphine, the active metabolite of heroin, retained their analgesic activity.34 The lack of effects of the deletion of exon 1 on the two k drugs: U50,488H and naloxone benzoylhydrazo ...
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, (NAADP), is a Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger synthesised in response to extracellular stimuli. Like its mechanistic cousins, IP3 and cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (Cyclic ADP-ribose), NAADP binds to and opens Ca2+ channels on intracellular organelles, thereby increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration which, in turn, modulates sundry cellular processes (see Calcium signalling). Structurally, it is a dinucleotide that only differs from the house-keeping enzyme cofactor, NADP by a hydroxyl group (replacing the nicotinamide amino group) and yet this minor modification converts it into the most potent Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger yet described. NAADP acts across phyla from plants to man.