Molecular subtypes.
... A, vimentin, TWIST1 [2]. The last two markers (vimentin and TWIST1) in association with the phenotype CD2-/CD44+, suggests its basal source (stem). Although this undifferentiated source, Normal-like subtype, similar to the Luminal A is associated with favorable prognostic. Rate of 5 years survival a ...
... A, vimentin, TWIST1 [2]. The last two markers (vimentin and TWIST1) in association with the phenotype CD2-/CD44+, suggests its basal source (stem). Although this undifferentiated source, Normal-like subtype, similar to the Luminal A is associated with favorable prognostic. Rate of 5 years survival a ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... strains exhibit the same behaviour in terms of proton movements across plasma membrane, suggesting ...
... strains exhibit the same behaviour in terms of proton movements across plasma membrane, suggesting ...
The Genetic Basis of Melanism in the Gray Squirrel (Sciurus
... North America, but the first sighting reported in Britain was in the early 20th century. These black squirrels are now a common sight in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Hertfordshire where they live in mixed populations with the gray squirrels (Thomas and Pankhurst 2005). Although exact numbers re ...
... North America, but the first sighting reported in Britain was in the early 20th century. These black squirrels are now a common sight in Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Hertfordshire where they live in mixed populations with the gray squirrels (Thomas and Pankhurst 2005). Although exact numbers re ...
Historical review: Deciphering the genetic code – a personal account
... minimum kinds of bases necessary for template activity are shown, so many amino acids that respond to randomly ordered polynucleotides composed of two or more kinds of bases are omitted. The base compositions of RNA codons were derived from these experiments [49]. Reproduced from Ref. [49]. ...
... minimum kinds of bases necessary for template activity are shown, so many amino acids that respond to randomly ordered polynucleotides composed of two or more kinds of bases are omitted. The base compositions of RNA codons were derived from these experiments [49]. Reproduced from Ref. [49]. ...
horiuchi - Genetics
... The failure of the phoRc and phoB mutations to complement implies that there is only a single positive control gene (phoB) for AP synthesis. An alternate hypothesis that one of the mutations has a polar effect on a second cistron is unlikely. By this hypothesis, one of the mutations is a nonsense mu ...
... The failure of the phoRc and phoB mutations to complement implies that there is only a single positive control gene (phoB) for AP synthesis. An alternate hypothesis that one of the mutations has a polar effect on a second cistron is unlikely. By this hypothesis, one of the mutations is a nonsense mu ...
3 - Homework Now
... important for sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs whenever a sperm is united with an egg. Sperm cells and egg cells are called gametes, or sex cells. Meiosis is the process that reduces the chromosome number in sperm and egg cells so they can combine to provide the correct number of chro ...
... important for sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs whenever a sperm is united with an egg. Sperm cells and egg cells are called gametes, or sex cells. Meiosis is the process that reduces the chromosome number in sperm and egg cells so they can combine to provide the correct number of chro ...
Calcitonin
... The Phospholipase C signal transduction pathway is completed through the use of a G protein named GQ. During this signal transduction pathway phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2) is cleaved, leading to the production of Inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (Norris, Carr 55). The ...
... The Phospholipase C signal transduction pathway is completed through the use of a G protein named GQ. During this signal transduction pathway phosphatidylinositol biphosphate (PIP2) is cleaved, leading to the production of Inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) (Norris, Carr 55). The ...
Transport of Phosphatidylserine from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to
... Thus, this genetic screen in the psd2Δ background has revealed that PtdSer transport to mitochondrial Psd1p is regulated by ubiquitination, although the targets of this ubiquitination have thus far proved elusive. In addition to the forward genetic approaches outlined above, a synthetic biology appr ...
... Thus, this genetic screen in the psd2Δ background has revealed that PtdSer transport to mitochondrial Psd1p is regulated by ubiquitination, although the targets of this ubiquitination have thus far proved elusive. In addition to the forward genetic approaches outlined above, a synthetic biology appr ...
Intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor deletion leads
... • north-south gradient in rates of Crohn's disease (CD) vitamin D deficiency environmental trigger contributing to the pathogenesis of IBD • Low vitamin D status and VDR expression in patients with IBD • Paneth cells: innate immune responses; shaping the gut microbiota ...
... • north-south gradient in rates of Crohn's disease (CD) vitamin D deficiency environmental trigger contributing to the pathogenesis of IBD • Low vitamin D status and VDR expression in patients with IBD • Paneth cells: innate immune responses; shaping the gut microbiota ...
To Я or Not To Я: Estrogen Receptors and Ovarian Function
... In agreement with this finding, these female mice exhibit reduced fertility, although there appears to be a range that extends from mild subfertility to complete infertility (11, 12). The ERKO mice also fail to respond to exogenous gonadotropins and exhibit mature follicles containing “trapped” ooc ...
... In agreement with this finding, these female mice exhibit reduced fertility, although there appears to be a range that extends from mild subfertility to complete infertility (11, 12). The ERKO mice also fail to respond to exogenous gonadotropins and exhibit mature follicles containing “trapped” ooc ...
Mammals Differences between the Chicken and Antagonist in the
... component of the functional IL-1R (3). The two ligands have extremely potent biological activity and therefore their production at both mRNA and protein levels is precisely controlled. Additionally, a naturally occurring antagonist, IL-1R antagonist (IL1RN), reduces the IL-1 effects by physically oc ...
... component of the functional IL-1R (3). The two ligands have extremely potent biological activity and therefore their production at both mRNA and protein levels is precisely controlled. Additionally, a naturally occurring antagonist, IL-1R antagonist (IL1RN), reduces the IL-1 effects by physically oc ...
The Drosophila small conductance calcium
... University of Leiden in 1745. He discovered how to store large quantities of static electricity in a capacitor-like device later called a Leyden jar4 • Luigi Galvani eventually combined the separate studies of electricity and biomechanics in 1781. He observed that an electrostatic arc between the sc ...
... University of Leiden in 1745. He discovered how to store large quantities of static electricity in a capacitor-like device later called a Leyden jar4 • Luigi Galvani eventually combined the separate studies of electricity and biomechanics in 1781. He observed that an electrostatic arc between the sc ...
LIMITED DNA SYNTHESIS IN THE ABSENCE OF PROTEIN
... It is suggested, as a working hypothesis, that proteins must be synthesized to initiate DNA replication and to maintain temporal order during the S phase. Much recent work suggests that protein ...
... It is suggested, as a working hypothesis, that proteins must be synthesized to initiate DNA replication and to maintain temporal order during the S phase. Much recent work suggests that protein ...
Molecular Evaluation of Vitamin D3 Receptor Agonists
... 1a,25(OH)2D3 or its analogs. The three-dimensional structure of the seven presently analyzed, ligand-bound LBD (including that of the VDR; Rochel et al, 2000) suggested that there is a conserved agonistic conformation of all nuclear receptor LBD. In this agonistic conformation the activation functio ...
... 1a,25(OH)2D3 or its analogs. The three-dimensional structure of the seven presently analyzed, ligand-bound LBD (including that of the VDR; Rochel et al, 2000) suggested that there is a conserved agonistic conformation of all nuclear receptor LBD. In this agonistic conformation the activation functio ...
Cleavage - University of San Diego Home Pages
... To our limited intelligence, it would seem a simple task to divide a nucleus into equal parts. The cell, manifestly, entertains a very different opinion. E. B. Wilson, 1923 ...
... To our limited intelligence, it would seem a simple task to divide a nucleus into equal parts. The cell, manifestly, entertains a very different opinion. E. B. Wilson, 1923 ...
brief review - AJP
... the cell. N-linked sugar residues are present on the large extracellular loop between the 7th and 8th membrane-spanning segment: two for the Na-Cl cotransporter and up to three for the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter. The specific ion and diuretic binding regions on these cotransporters have not been identif ...
... the cell. N-linked sugar residues are present on the large extracellular loop between the 7th and 8th membrane-spanning segment: two for the Na-Cl cotransporter and up to three for the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter. The specific ion and diuretic binding regions on these cotransporters have not been identif ...
Neurology Case Presentation
... Increases the intracellular pool of folates, (not easily transported out of the cell because of their size and charge -continual cellular uptake of folates) The accumulation of PGMTX metabolites serves to further amplify and prolong the antiproliferative effects of MTX: Intracellular accumulation ...
... Increases the intracellular pool of folates, (not easily transported out of the cell because of their size and charge -continual cellular uptake of folates) The accumulation of PGMTX metabolites serves to further amplify and prolong the antiproliferative effects of MTX: Intracellular accumulation ...
A level Biology Preparation Work
... which is suitable for people who do not produce enough lactase of their own. A student investigated the effect of changing pH and temperature on the digestion of lactose in ...
... which is suitable for people who do not produce enough lactase of their own. A student investigated the effect of changing pH and temperature on the digestion of lactose in ...
Biology I – EOC study guide
... ADP: ATP ADP + Pi + energy The Sodium-Potassium Pump The sodium-potassium pump uses active transport to move 3 sodium ions to the outside of the cell for each 2 potassium ions that it moves in. It is found in all human cells, especially nerve and muscle cells. One third of the body’s energy expend ...
... ADP: ATP ADP + Pi + energy The Sodium-Potassium Pump The sodium-potassium pump uses active transport to move 3 sodium ions to the outside of the cell for each 2 potassium ions that it moves in. It is found in all human cells, especially nerve and muscle cells. One third of the body’s energy expend ...
The unfolded protein response and its relevance to connective
... ER stress, skeletal development and associated diseases The importance of certain components of the UPR for normal skeletal development is apparent from gene ablation studies. The Ire1α knockout is embryonic lethal (Urano et al. 2000) and thus its potential impact upon connective tissues has not bee ...
... ER stress, skeletal development and associated diseases The importance of certain components of the UPR for normal skeletal development is apparent from gene ablation studies. The Ire1α knockout is embryonic lethal (Urano et al. 2000) and thus its potential impact upon connective tissues has not bee ...
Expression Pattern in Brain of TASK-1, TASK
... rapid pace. To date, 13 different members of the mammalian 2P K ⫹ channel family have been characterized (genes KCNK1–17; reviewed by Lesage and Lazdunski, 2000; Goldstein et al., 2001). The subunits of 2P K ⫹ channels that have been successfully expressed in heterologous systems show a highly compl ...
... rapid pace. To date, 13 different members of the mammalian 2P K ⫹ channel family have been characterized (genes KCNK1–17; reviewed by Lesage and Lazdunski, 2000; Goldstein et al., 2001). The subunits of 2P K ⫹ channels that have been successfully expressed in heterologous systems show a highly compl ...
Signal Transduction and the Chemically Addressed Nervous System
... unique brain chemicals. In this book, however, only a half dozen or so particular neurotransmitters are emphasized, because psychotropic drugs utilized in clinical practice act largely on serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). ...
... unique brain chemicals. In this book, however, only a half dozen or so particular neurotransmitters are emphasized, because psychotropic drugs utilized in clinical practice act largely on serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine as well as acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). ...
PXR (h): 293 Lysate: sc-158906
... Steroid hormones function as signaling molecules by diffusing into cells and interacting with specific intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. This superfamily of receptors includes both steroid and nonsteroid receptors. Like many nonsteroid hormone receptors, PXR (pregnane X receptor) ...
... Steroid hormones function as signaling molecules by diffusing into cells and interacting with specific intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. This superfamily of receptors includes both steroid and nonsteroid receptors. Like many nonsteroid hormone receptors, PXR (pregnane X receptor) ...
4-Biochemical structure of Hemoglobin
... Unable to transport O2 due to abnormal structure: • Carboxy-Hb: CO replaces O2 and binds 200X tighter than O2 (in smokers) ...
... Unable to transport O2 due to abnormal structure: • Carboxy-Hb: CO replaces O2 and binds 200X tighter than O2 (in smokers) ...
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, (NAADP), is a Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger synthesised in response to extracellular stimuli. Like its mechanistic cousins, IP3 and cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (Cyclic ADP-ribose), NAADP binds to and opens Ca2+ channels on intracellular organelles, thereby increasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration which, in turn, modulates sundry cellular processes (see Calcium signalling). Structurally, it is a dinucleotide that only differs from the house-keeping enzyme cofactor, NADP by a hydroxyl group (replacing the nicotinamide amino group) and yet this minor modification converts it into the most potent Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger yet described. NAADP acts across phyla from plants to man.