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Cellular Respiration
... Some prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecules? In what form is that energy available to power cell work? ...
... Some prokaryotic and all eukaryotic cells use oxygen to harvest energy from food molecules? In what form is that energy available to power cell work? ...
Study Questions for Chapter 1 – The Cell
... 4. When plotting the velocity (V) of an enzymatic reaction against the substrate concentration, one sees “saturable” kinetics. That is, at some substrate concentration, the enzyme is functioning at its maximal rate (Vmax) and cannot operate any faster. The substrate concentration that results in ...
... 4. When plotting the velocity (V) of an enzymatic reaction against the substrate concentration, one sees “saturable” kinetics. That is, at some substrate concentration, the enzyme is functioning at its maximal rate (Vmax) and cannot operate any faster. The substrate concentration that results in ...
The Structure and Hydrolysis of ATP
... Oxidative Phosphorylation • The process that generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis a ...
... Oxidative Phosphorylation • The process that generates most of the ATP is called oxidative phosphorylation because it is powered by redox reactions • Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for almost 90% of the ATP generated by cellular respiration • A smaller amount of ATP is formed in glycolysis a ...
Enzymes
... The coenzyme helps the enzyme function properly and without it, some enzymes may not be able to function at all. Vitamins act as coenzymes. 3) Enzymes have an active site. This is where enzyme action occurs. The enzymes are usually bigger than the molecules that they act upon. ...
... The coenzyme helps the enzyme function properly and without it, some enzymes may not be able to function at all. Vitamins act as coenzymes. 3) Enzymes have an active site. This is where enzyme action occurs. The enzymes are usually bigger than the molecules that they act upon. ...
4.4.1 Respiration
... between the phosphate groups are unstable – the phosphate groups themselves are negatively charged and repel each other ...
... between the phosphate groups are unstable – the phosphate groups themselves are negatively charged and repel each other ...
Lecture 13: Krebs` Cycle / Citric Acid
... In complete absence of O2, anaerobic respiration takes place while aerobic respiration stops. In higher plants, the anaerobiosis produces large amount of alcohol which is toxic to plants. If some amount of O2 is available, anaerobic respiration slows down and aerobic respiration starts. The concentr ...
... In complete absence of O2, anaerobic respiration takes place while aerobic respiration stops. In higher plants, the anaerobiosis produces large amount of alcohol which is toxic to plants. If some amount of O2 is available, anaerobic respiration slows down and aerobic respiration starts. The concentr ...
Unit 4 Notes - heckgrammar.co.uk
... be turned back into glucose by reversing glycolysis, and this is called gluconeogenesis. 6. In the absence of oxygen pyruvate is converted into lactate or ethanol in anaerobic respiration (p 10). 7. In the presence of oxygen pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to proceed with aerobic respiratio ...
... be turned back into glucose by reversing glycolysis, and this is called gluconeogenesis. 6. In the absence of oxygen pyruvate is converted into lactate or ethanol in anaerobic respiration (p 10). 7. In the presence of oxygen pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to proceed with aerobic respiratio ...
File - Caring for Clients with Disorders of the Endocrine
... Blood glucose checks are ordered at specific intervals - most often ac & at bedtime The insulin dose is then adjusted to a predetermined “scale” ordered by the physician The ONLY type of insulin used in sliding scale is ...
... Blood glucose checks are ordered at specific intervals - most often ac & at bedtime The insulin dose is then adjusted to a predetermined “scale” ordered by the physician The ONLY type of insulin used in sliding scale is ...
Energy Metabolism Review
... All organisms produce ATP by releasing energy stored in glucose and other sugars. ...
... All organisms produce ATP by releasing energy stored in glucose and other sugars. ...
medbiochem exam 1, 2000
... C. Reactions can be driven in the favor of product formation by the presence of enzymes. D. At equilibrium there is no change in free energy. 17. You have just admitted a male infant with a congenital deficiency for pyruvate dehydrogenase and you suspect lactic acidosis. The laboratory reports that ...
... C. Reactions can be driven in the favor of product formation by the presence of enzymes. D. At equilibrium there is no change in free energy. 17. You have just admitted a male infant with a congenital deficiency for pyruvate dehydrogenase and you suspect lactic acidosis. The laboratory reports that ...
Observations during muscle contraction
... phosphokinase) moves phosphate from phosphocreatine to ATP ...
... phosphokinase) moves phosphate from phosphocreatine to ATP ...
Bio AP chp 9 notes
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is stored in the mitochondrion in a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
CHAPTER 9: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... course, for a single molecule of pyruvate. The degradation of a whole molecule of glucose produces twice the quantity of each substance. Oxidative respiration in itself produces no more ATP than glycolysis, but it becomes highly efficient only when it is coupled to the fourth stage, the chemiosmotic ...
... course, for a single molecule of pyruvate. The degradation of a whole molecule of glucose produces twice the quantity of each substance. Oxidative respiration in itself produces no more ATP than glycolysis, but it becomes highly efficient only when it is coupled to the fourth stage, the chemiosmotic ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... If a cell has an excess of a certain amino acid, it typically uses feedback inhibition to prevent the diversion of intermediary molecules from the citric acid cycle to the synthesis pathway of that amino acid. ...
... If a cell has an excess of a certain amino acid, it typically uses feedback inhibition to prevent the diversion of intermediary molecules from the citric acid cycle to the synthesis pathway of that amino acid. ...
IB496-April 10 - School of Life Sciences
... Sucrose phosphorylase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of sucrose to fructose and glucose-1-phosphate. This reaction is reversible. The enzyme is reported to have broad specificity, and so it may be possible for many other substrates to replace fructose as the glucosyl acceptor. Sucrose ...
... Sucrose phosphorylase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of sucrose to fructose and glucose-1-phosphate. This reaction is reversible. The enzyme is reported to have broad specificity, and so it may be possible for many other substrates to replace fructose as the glucosyl acceptor. Sucrose ...
Lecture # 7 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... The pentose pathway is a shunt. • The pathway begins with the glycolytic intermediate glucose 6-P. • It reconnects with glycolysis because two of the end products of the pentose pathway are glyceraldehyde 3-P and fructose 6-P; two intermediates further down in the glycolytic pathway. • It is for th ...
... The pentose pathway is a shunt. • The pathway begins with the glycolytic intermediate glucose 6-P. • It reconnects with glycolysis because two of the end products of the pentose pathway are glyceraldehyde 3-P and fructose 6-P; two intermediates further down in the glycolytic pathway. • It is for th ...
CHEMISTRY OF FOOD FERMENTATION
... even occur within the stomachs of animals, such as humans. Auto-brewery syndrome is a rare medical condition where the stomach produce brewer’s yeast that break down starches into ethanol; which enters the blood stream. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic digestion that generates adenosine triphosph ...
... even occur within the stomachs of animals, such as humans. Auto-brewery syndrome is a rare medical condition where the stomach produce brewer’s yeast that break down starches into ethanol; which enters the blood stream. Fermentation is a form of anaerobic digestion that generates adenosine triphosph ...
Triacylglycerol Metabolism Gone Bad: A major cause of disease
... – Increase synthesis of muscle and liver genes involved in fatty acid uptake and oxidation. ...
... – Increase synthesis of muscle and liver genes involved in fatty acid uptake and oxidation. ...
NOTES: Ch 9, part 4
... and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ● An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
... and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ● An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
The metabolism of glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
... garding the question. In the evolutionary process of carbohy drate metabolism It Is reasonable to postulate that the first enzymatic reactions were those of direct oxidation-reductions. Hie Introduc tion of phosphomxs Into the molecule increased the efficiency of metabolism and must have been a la ...
... garding the question. In the evolutionary process of carbohy drate metabolism It Is reasonable to postulate that the first enzymatic reactions were those of direct oxidation-reductions. Hie Introduc tion of phosphomxs Into the molecule increased the efficiency of metabolism and must have been a la ...
Fitness: Physical Activity, Nutrients, and Body Adaptations
... • Duration of activity affects glycogen use – First 20 minutes or so of moderate activity • After 20 minutes, more and more fat is used for fuel • Glycogen use continues ...
... • Duration of activity affects glycogen use – First 20 minutes or so of moderate activity • After 20 minutes, more and more fat is used for fuel • Glycogen use continues ...
Cardiac Energy Dependence on Glucose Increases
... glycolytic genes regulated by mTOR; additionally, expression of Scl7a5, Gsta1/2, Gdf15, and amino acid-responsive genes, Fgf21, Asns, Trib3, Mthfd2, were strikingly increased by mTOR activation. Conclusions-—The switch from FA to glucose use causes mTOR-dependent alterations in cardiac metabolism. W ...
... glycolytic genes regulated by mTOR; additionally, expression of Scl7a5, Gsta1/2, Gdf15, and amino acid-responsive genes, Fgf21, Asns, Trib3, Mthfd2, were strikingly increased by mTOR activation. Conclusions-—The switch from FA to glucose use causes mTOR-dependent alterations in cardiac metabolism. W ...
Glucose
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alpha-D-glucopyranose-2D-skeletal.png?width=300)
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.