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Control of Gene Expression
Control of Gene Expression

... – Human reproduction when other techniques have failed (child would be genetically related to only one parent) ...
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chloroplasts passive transport active transport osmosis

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组蛋白甲基化

... The Set1 H3K4 methyltransferase binds to the serine 5 phosphorylated CTD of RNAPII, the initiating form of polymerase situated at the transcription start site (TSS). In contrast, the Set2 H3K36 methyltransferase binds to the serine 2 phosphorylated CTD of RNAPII, the transcriptional elongating form ...
Mitosis Diagram Worksheet
Mitosis Diagram Worksheet

... 15. In cell A, what is the structure labeled X? ____________________________________ 16. In cell F, what is the structure labeled Y? _____________________________________ 17. Which cell is not in a phase of mitosis? ______________________________________ 18. What two main changes are taking place in ...
Genome-wide Functional Genetics in Haploid ES Cells
Genome-wide Functional Genetics in Haploid ES Cells

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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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