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QUESTION
QUESTION

... •CRH - stimulates the production and release of ACTH •TRH - stimulates the production and release of TSH •Somatostatin - inhibits the production and release of GH •GHRH - stimulates the production and release of GH •GnRH - stimulates the production and release of both FSH and LH •Dopamine - inhibits ...
EHC – Patient Registration and Stage 1 Consultation Information
EHC – Patient Registration and Stage 1 Consultation Information

... If EHC is not indicated and no onward referral made, please give advice on contraception and STDs Confirm discussion of post-coital contraception took place? Provider and patient information Health professionals should discuss individual need for emergency contraception (EC) and inform women about t ...
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE Bukovinsky State Medical
MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE Bukovinsky State Medical

... Etiology and pathogenesis. At the core of the pathogenesis of apoplexy are the physiological features of ovarian tissue changes that are in it for the menstrual cycle. Ovulation, increased vascularization soft yellow body tissues, ovarian premenstrual congestion - all of which can lead to hematoma ...
NEW MOON HARVEST – ABOUT HERBS [The Little Shoppe of Auras]
NEW MOON HARVEST – ABOUT HERBS [The Little Shoppe of Auras]

... medicine, you must be consistent in their use and patient for results. Most of the herbs chosen for this workshop have little or no side effects and can be used safely with any illness or with other prescribed medications. There are a few that have some precautions. Please note these and use caution ...
Ayurveda – An ancient healing system`s gifts to the Modern Woman
Ayurveda – An ancient healing system`s gifts to the Modern Woman

... According to the Merck Manual only 10-15% of women have cycles that are exactly 28 days.[34] Usually, the cycles vary the most and the intervals between periods are longest in the years immediately after menarche and before menopause (known as perimenopause). Pregnancy is a natural cause of a missed ...
Soft Tissue Injury
Soft Tissue Injury

... External Bleeding • BSI-always!!!! • Severity of blood loss: – Amount – Rate – Other injuries or existing conditions – Existing medical conditions – Patients age ...
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) CASE DEFINITION It
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) CASE DEFINITION It

... in the case, then the indigenous, rare, and other medicines could be considered. For example, emmenagogues like Pulsatiilla, Gossypium, Ashoka etc. may be required at times in cases of prolonged amenorrhoea. Homeopathic literature9,10,11,12 and research13,14 could identify medicines which are presc ...
RefresherSpecialPts
RefresherSpecialPts

... viability (20th week) • Induced • Therapeutic • Criminal • Elective ...
A) Androgen insensitivity
A) Androgen insensitivity

... c-The incidence of monozygotic twinning varies with race. d-A dichorionic twin pregnancy always denotes dizygosity. e-Twinning causes no appreciable increase in maternal morbidity and mortality over singleton pregnancies. 24-Velamentous insertion of the cord is associated with an increased risk for ...
GU System - Handout Female Reproduction
GU System - Handout Female Reproduction

... ii. PID is an inflammatory condition of the pelvic cavity that begins with cervicitis and may involve the _____________, ________________, ____________ pelvic peritoneum or pelvic vascular system iii. Infection is usually caused by _____________ 1. __________________ and ______________ iv. PID is th ...
DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING
DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING

... – OCPs (Lo-Ovral or Ovral) taken BID x 34 days until bleeding stops then QD to finish 21-day cycle – May require anti-emetic • Long-term treatment – Cycle for 3 months, but length of use depends on resolution of anemia/iron supplementation – Follow-up within 2-3 weeks and Q 3 months Continuity Clini ...
Uterine Fibroids
Uterine Fibroids

... Treatment With Medication Fibroids can be treated in several ways. Many times, no treatment is required if symptoms are mild. The symptoms caused by fibroids can often be controlled with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. Low-dose birth control pills or an intrauterine device wi ...
ENDOMETRIOSIS - Dr Nayan Sarkar`s Blog
ENDOMETRIOSIS - Dr Nayan Sarkar`s Blog

... And also------Endometriosis may occur in the early menopause, usually in association with HRT. Laparoscopic ablation of visible endometriotic lesion in infertile women is associated with significantly increased fertility rates. There is no data regarding early intervention ...
abnormal bleeding around puberty
abnormal bleeding around puberty

... adequate endometrial development to cause bleeding when oestrogen levels are reduced. DURING PREGNANCY Amenorrhoea lasts through pregnancy and beyond during lactation. Until the 12th week of pregnancy there is a decidual space between the decidua capsularis (the decidual layer that covers the ovary ...
The Third Stage….Plus
The Third Stage….Plus

... Results from trauma to the maternal soft tissues during delivery Frequently associated with Instrument (operative) forceps or vacuum delivery but many occur spontaneously ...
Pre-requisites to a successful clerkship
Pre-requisites to a successful clerkship

... o Chances of abortion increase with increased maternal age o Risk is >10% if ≥40yo and >50% at 45yo (due to incr. incidence of chromosomal abnormalities) Nutrition and exercise o Women should not fast b/c  ketosis and preterm delivery o Women should have 5 feedings/day and NEVER skip breakfast o No ...
Assessment of the Pregnant Woman Student handout view
Assessment of the Pregnant Woman Student handout view

... • Pregnancy often produces a functional, soft, blowing systolic murmur as the result of increased blood volume. The murmur requires no treatment and will resolve after pregnancy. • The lungs should be clear to auscultation bilaterally without evidence of crackles or wheezing. Shortness of breath may ...
A. Androgen insensitivity - Palestine Medical Council
A. Androgen insensitivity - Palestine Medical Council

... The frequencies of monozygosity and dizygosity are the same. Division after formation of the embryonic disk results in conjoined twins. The incidence of monozygotic twinning varies with race. A dichorionic twin pregnancy always denotes dizygosity. Twinning causes no appreciable increase in maternal ...
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

... menstrual loss of more than 80 mL described their bleeding as light to moderate.4 Of women who report excessive menstrual flow, only half have measurable blood loss greater than 80 mL--the formal criterion for excessive flow.5,6 Of women who meet this criterion, only two thirds have a hemoglobin lev ...
CH92 Page 1-7
CH92 Page 1-7

... ✓ Monophasic OCs containing low doses of estrogen (eg, 20 mcg of EE), low doses of progestin, and low androgenic activity may have the advantage of reducing the risk of estrogenrelated side effects such as nausea and breast tenderness. The disadvantages include a higher risk for spotting and less ma ...
Fibrocystic Breast Disease – Treatment and Prevention
Fibrocystic Breast Disease – Treatment and Prevention

... ages 30 to 50; however, the youngest patient that I've evaluated was a 12-yearold with multiple cysts in her breasts. In fact, I am seeing this condition increasingly in younger and younger women. One has to ask the question: “what would contribute to the rise of this condition so early in life, and ...
Menopausal Transition
Menopausal Transition

... jobs, or approach your company or family to help resolve sources of your stress z Limit intake of alcohol, drugs, and nicotine z Eat a healthy and well-balanced diet z Drink adequate amounts water (8 to 10 glasses) during the early part of the day z Consider seeing a specialist in menopausal ...
Clinical Pathological Conference
Clinical Pathological Conference

... Past Medical History: As above Past Surg History: Tuboligation 15 years ago Medications: iron, multivitamin On transfer: heparin drip Allergies: none Family History: Denies history of: clotting disorders, bleeding disorders, malignancy ...
First, boil water… Obstetrics for Paramedics
First, boil water… Obstetrics for Paramedics

... Trauma • Number one cause of non-obstetric maternal death • Treat mom first • Volume, volume, volume (be careful) • Remember left lateral tilt • Fetal survival drops dramatically 15 minutes after a maternal arrest, but 90% will survive if C-section done prior to 15 minutes. ...
ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE

... Untreated shock progresses through 3 stages until death occur:A.compensated:-change in bood pressure , cardiac output compensated by adjustment of haemostatic mechanism, healthy female not require fluid if cause is removed. B.Decompensated:- maximum mechanical action is acting but tissue perfusion i ...
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Menstruation



Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. Up to 80% of women report having some symptoms prior to menstruation. Common symptoms include acne, tender breasts, bloating, feeling tired, irritability, and mood changes. These symptoms interfere with normal life and therefore qualify as premenstrual syndrome in 20 to 30% of women. In 3 to 8%, they are severe.The first period usually begins between twelve and fifteen years of age, a point in time known as menarche. However, periods may occasionally start as young as eight years old and still be considered ""normal"". The average age of the first period is generally later in the developing world and earlier in developed world. The typical length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next is 21 to 45 days in young women and 21 to 31 days in adults (an average of 28 days). Menstruation stops occurring after menopause which usually occurs between 45 and 55 years of age. Bleeding usually lasts around 2 to 7 days.The menstrual cycle occurs due to the rise and fall of hormones. This cycle results in the thickening of the lining of the uterus and production of an egg which is required for pregnancy. The egg is released around day fourteen in the cycle and the thickened lining of the uterus is to provide nutrients for a potential developing baby. If pregnancy does not occur, the lining is released in what is known as menstruation.A number of problems with menstruation may occur. A lack of periods, known as amenorrhea, is when periods do not occur by age 15 or have not occurred in 90 days. Periods also stop during pregnancy and typically do not resume during the initial months of breastfeeding. Other problems include painful periods and abnormal bleeding such as bleeding between periods or heavy bleeding. Menstruation also occurs in some other animals including shrews, bats, and other primates such as apes and monkeys.
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