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A golden fish reveals pigmentation loss in Europeans Data Activity
A golden fish reveals pigmentation loss in Europeans Data Activity

... Lamason et al. 2014—Accompanying Student Worksheet Genetic origin of golden mutant zebrafish DNA or RNA sequences can be changed in many different ways. Some common types of mutations are single base pair changes (for example from A to T or C to G), insertions of additional nucleotides, or deletions ...
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Section 2 Gene Expression in Development and Cell Division
Section 2 Gene Expression in Development and Cell Division

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... If there are 64 codons, how can there be less than 64 tRNA molecules? • The wobble hypothesis provides insight – in many cases, the degenerate codons for a given amino acid differ only in the third base; therefore fewer different tRNAs are needed because a given tRNA can base-pair with several codo ...
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Blochmannia floridanus: The genome sequence of Comparative analysis of reduced genomes

... and ovaries of the insects, was the first bacterocyte endosymbiosis described (8). As in the above-mentioned bacterial endosymbionts of insects, Blochmannia spp. generally display concordant evolution with their host species (9). This symbiosis has been described so far only within the members of th ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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