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ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology

... KvLQT1 is present in the cell membranes of cardiac muscle tissue and in inner ear neurons among other tissues. In the cardiac cells, KvLQT1 mediates the IKs (or slow delayed rectifying K+) current that contributes to the repolarization of the cell, terminating the cardiac action potential and thereb ...
Force vs. Velocity Profiles for Single Molecules of RNAP
Force vs. Velocity Profiles for Single Molecules of RNAP

... characteristic distance δ over which load acts can be computed according to eq. δ = kbTln(a)/{F(1/2)} Physical interpretation of δ depends on the biochemical model invoked (5-10bp in present paper) ...
Crossing Over - Biology D118
Crossing Over - Biology D118

... crossing over occurs and when it fails to occur. We will point out that only two types of gametes are possible without crossing over, but FOUR different types of gametes are possible when crossing over does occur, making it an essential source of variability. ...
Design and Operation of Large Scale RNA production v2
Design and Operation of Large Scale RNA production v2

... • RNA has many reactive groups that must be protected during synthesis, and then removed afterwards to generate biologically active RNA ...
Antibody
Antibody

... • A collective name for the proteins expressed by the genome • Dynamic and functional information • It varies with cell type, developmental stage, and environmental condition such as the presence of hormones. • Regulation of mRNA synthesis, alternative splicing, mRNA stability, rate of protein synth ...
12.3 notes
12.3 notes

... The Roles of RNA and DNA • DNA is like the master plan of the cell • If DNA is damaged, the whole cell could die • RNA is like copies of this master plan that can be taken all around the cell to be made into product or proteins • If RNA is damaged, it’s okay, more can be ...
ABSTRACT Fruit set is an important process in the sexual
ABSTRACT Fruit set is an important process in the sexual

... ABSTRACT Fruit set is an important process in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants and also has a high economic impact from the agronomic point of view. Although in recent years, there have been advances in the understanding of this process limited information is still available. Understandin ...
Pairing and Transvection Position Effects in Drosophila Homologous
Pairing and Transvection Position Effects in Drosophila Homologous

... on a neighboring chromosome. These interactions can lead to gene expression that would not be accounted for under standard models of molecular genetics, in which it is often assumed that the regulatory elements on each chromosome operate in isolation, independent of effects from nearby chromosomes. ...
Biotechnology is used in.. Medicine Microbiology
Biotechnology is used in.. Medicine Microbiology

... animals to produce organisms with desired, useful traits. Modern agriculture is concerned with providing enough food for a growing world population. It uses genetic modification to: ...
Gene Section PTCH (patched homolog) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section PTCH (patched homolog) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... Part of a signalling pathway; opposed by the hedgehog gene's product; transmembrane protein, with a probable cell to cell adhesion role; is thought to have a repressive activity on cell proliferation; the recent demonstration of NBCS syndrome (see below) as a chromosome instability syndrome suggests ...
Lab 4
Lab 4

Resistance gene evolution Pamela C Ronald
Resistance gene evolution Pamela C Ronald

... diverse recognition specificities. These genes often occur as members of clustered gene families that have evolved through duplication and diversification. Regions of nucleotides conserved between family members and flanking sequences facilitate equal or unequal recombination events. Transposition c ...
DNA Replication - Living Environment H: 8(A,C)
DNA Replication - Living Environment H: 8(A,C)

... each resulting cell will have a complete set of DNA • During DNA replication, the DNA separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. • Each strand serves as a template, or model, for the new strand. • Replication occurs in opposite direct ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
Regulation of Gene Expression

... Promoter Genes of operon ...
Exam1 2012 Life Student
Exam1 2012 Life Student

... ____ 88. After the DNA is replicated, and it condenses in prophase, two identical rods of DNA are seen. These are a. sister chromatids. b. centromeres. c. spindle fibers. d. kinetochores. e. chromatin. ____ 89. Spindle fibers a. are composed of DNA. b. only appear during interphase. c. attach to th ...
Research and potential applications Academics Outside interests
Research and potential applications Academics Outside interests

... This is called the New Tarpan, or the Polish Primitive Horse. Although this is a breeding attempt to “recreate” the Tarpan horse, the New Tarpan does not contain pure Tarpan blood, only a subset of its genetic heritage. The “recreated” Tarpan breed in a nature preserve in the Netherlands. ...
33_eukaryote1
33_eukaryote1

... A DNA-bending protein brings the bound activators closer to the promoter. ...
Document
Document

... • DNA normally comes in “Genome sized” lengths (usually several million bp in length.) • These are the “elephants” in the race through the agarose and cant enter the gel matrix when they are this big. • Restriction enzymes made possible the cutting of DNA into smaller fragments together with their s ...
Gene Section TTL (twelve-thirteen translocation leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section TTL (twelve-thirteen translocation leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... Three splicing forms, namely: TTL-T, TTL-B1 and B2. TTL-T is 2090 bp long and composed of exons 1-8. The longest open-reading frame contains exons 4, 5, and part of exon 6; it encods a 133 amino acids peptid. TTL-B1 transcript is 3450 bp long and is composed of exons 4, 5, and part of exon 9. TTL-B2 ...
The complete nucleotide sequence of the chick a
The complete nucleotide sequence of the chick a

... t h i s heating step s u b s t a n t i a l l y improved the resolution of individual bands over background in the sequence l a d d e r . ...
Background concepts for sequence analysis Ana, homo
Background concepts for sequence analysis Ana, homo

... The claim that two sequences are homolog thus results from an inference, based on some evolutionary scenario (rate of mutation, level of similarity, !). The inference of homology is always attached to some risk of false positive. Evolutionary models allow to estimate this risk, as we shall see. ...
Supplement 2
Supplement 2

... using a Superscript II Reverse Transcriptase kit (Fermentas Life Sciences, Schwerte, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. ...
Interpretive Criteria for Identification of Bacteria and
Interpretive Criteria for Identification of Bacteria and

... harmless commensal microbe or to identify antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria. In contrast to the precision of sequence comparisons, microorganisms traditionally have been identified by their physiological properties as perceived in pure cultures. Phenotypic properties often are anecdotal, howe ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... – Local minimum problem. If an error is introduced early in the alignment process, it is impossible to correct this later in the procedure. – Arbitrary alignment. ...
Chapter 12 Translation and the Genetic Code
Chapter 12 Translation and the Genetic Code

... Each of the 20 amino acids in proteins is specified by one or more nucleotide triplets in mRNA. (20 amino acids refers to what is attached to the tRNAs!) Of the 64 possible triplets, given the four bases in mRNA, 61 specify amino acids and 3 signal chain termination. (have no tRNAs!) ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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