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RNA - Universitas Esa Unggul
RNA - Universitas Esa Unggul

... DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses.  DNA is a set of blueprints needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. ...
Chapter 16 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance DNA as the Genetic
Chapter 16 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance DNA as the Genetic

... Each cell continually monitors and repairs its genetic material, with over 130 repair enzymes identified in humans. The final error rate is only one per billion nucleotides, so, about 6 mutations per cell division! Replication of Chromosome Ends Limitations in the DNA polymerase problems for the lin ...
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File

... processed (essentially by splicing) and migrates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 4. Messenger RNA carries coded information to ribosomes. The ribosomes "read" this information and use it for protein synthesis. This process is called translation. ...
chapter 3 - rci.rutgers.edu
chapter 3 - rci.rutgers.edu

... a tightly packed, hydrophobic interior. Porin (Fig 2.50) is a membrane protein which is "inside out" and with hydrophobic groups outside. Quaternary structure requires that there be more than one protein chain. Many proteins have "subunits" or multiple proteins, non-covalently associated. A good exa ...
Journal of Advanced Computing (2012) 1
Journal of Advanced Computing (2012) 1

... biological process ontology, and GO cellular component ontology). When evaluated on 19 diseases for which we derived root node sets, KNGP using both link and node knowledge performed better that using only link knowledge or using only node knowledge. For example, when applied to asthma, the top 5 ra ...
Elucidating LRRC31 induction by IL
Elucidating LRRC31 induction by IL

Practical database searching
Practical database searching

LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034

... 12. Explain any one method to determine the N-terminal residue of an amino acid. 13. Discuss the secondary structure of proteins. 14. Write notes on (a) hydrogenation of oils (b) saponification value. 15. What are phospholipids? Explain any two types of them. 16. Bring out the differences between DN ...
Leukemia Section t(17;19)(q22;p13) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Leukemia Section t(17;19)(q22;p13) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

... E2A-HLF with altered DNA binding affinity compared with native HLF; it functions as an antiapoptotic transcription factor in leukemic cell transformation; when E2A-HLF protein was introduced into murine pro-B lymphocytes, it reverted both interleukin-3dependent and p53-mediated apoptosis; E2A-HLF co ...
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates

...  Carbon skeleton made up of 4 fused rings.  Differ in functional groups. - Example: Cholesterol & sex hormones  FUNCTION  Estrogen & Testosterone = Chemical messengers; coordinates cell activities of an organism.  Cholesterol = Helps maintain the fluidity of the membrane Protein  Remove the wa ...
acetyl CoA + HCO3
acetyl CoA + HCO3

... get there? ...
Gen 305, Presentation 5, 16
Gen 305, Presentation 5, 16

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PPT File

... to treat diseases such as cystic fibrosis without causing a viral disease? 1. They insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis into the viral DNA but do not otherwise alter the virus. 2. They insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, then treat the patient with antibiotics. 3. T ...
12.1 Mechanisms regulating enzyme synthesis 12.1.2.2 Enzyme
12.1 Mechanisms regulating enzyme synthesis 12.1.2.2 Enzyme

... (http://park.openwetware.org) Department of Advanced Fermentation Fusion Science & Technology ...
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

... and precisely, modifying them like never before. Genes can be transferred from one organism to the other. This process of gene manipulation in a laboratory setting is known as genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology. ...
Biol
Biol

... Consider the following table of data from a synteny test using mouse/human hybrid cells for assigning genes to human chromosomes. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hybrid human chromosomes ...
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on Y Chromosome

... Lower than normal intelligence Tall Aggressive – disproven Prison - disproven ...
HOX11L2/TLX3 is transcriptionally activated through T-cell
HOX11L2/TLX3 is transcriptionally activated through T-cell

... 19. Dube ID, Kamel-Reid S, Yuan CC, et al. A novel human homeobox gene lies at the chromosome 10 breakpoint in lymphoid neoplasias with chromosomal translocation t(10;14). Blood. 1991;78: 2996-3003. Boehm T, Foroni L, Kaneko Y, Perutz MF, Rabbitts TH. The rhombotin family of cysteine-rich LIM-domain ...
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Click here

... Four generations of males in a Dutch family inherited a defect on their x-chromosome. The MAOA gene lays in the vicinity of the defect so it is thought that the men’s MAOA is affected – for genetic reasons, not enough of it is released.The men with the defective gene (and not all men in the family i ...
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Document

... 1. Incomplete Dominance – some alleles are neither dominant or recessive ...
Precise Gene Disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Double Fusion Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Precise Gene Disruption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Double Fusion Polymerase Chain Reaction.

... must chose a less than optimal configuration, either leaving some of the reading frame intact or removing flanking sequences that may affect the expression of important neighboring genes. Recently a one-step PCR procedure was described for gene disruption in yeast (Baudin et al., 1993; Wach et a/., ...
Biol
Biol

... Consider the following table of data from a synteny test using mouse/human hybrid cells for assigning genes to human chromosomes. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------hybrid human chromosomes ...
MOLECULAR MEDICINE OF THE FUTURE ñ APPLICATIONS AND
MOLECULAR MEDICINE OF THE FUTURE ñ APPLICATIONS AND

... nucleotide differences (SNPs), otherwise known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, which are nucleotide changes in specific locations in the genome, and are the source of variability between individuals in a given population. Analysis of SNPs, and their effect on the clinical outcome of a disease re ...
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM
CHAPTER 4: CELLULAR METABOLISM

... Each free nucleotide strand now serves as a template for building a new complementary DNA strand. b. DNA nucleotides, present in the nucleoplasm begin to match up with their complementary bases on the templates. o DNA polymerase (an enzyme) positions and links these nucleotides into strands. c. This ...
Lecture 8
Lecture 8

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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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