“Venues for Contestation ” within the United Nations Framework
... ratified by a large majority of states, although this does include the US. Yet contestation during the implementation of the protocol still exists with Greece being the first ratifying state to be held in non-compliance.30 For international environmental agreements to be successful they require the ...
... ratified by a large majority of states, although this does include the US. Yet contestation during the implementation of the protocol still exists with Greece being the first ratifying state to be held in non-compliance.30 For international environmental agreements to be successful they require the ...
MEMORANDUM TO THE PRESIDENT From: John P. Holdren
... these two imperatives—and the immense challenge arising from it—in the form of the central role played by civilization’s principal energy sources in generating the most dangerous and difficult environmental problems facing the planet. Energy supply is the source of most of human exposure to air poll ...
... these two imperatives—and the immense challenge arising from it—in the form of the central role played by civilization’s principal energy sources in generating the most dangerous and difficult environmental problems facing the planet. Energy supply is the source of most of human exposure to air poll ...
Shalin Kolkata
... •It must be achieved by 2008 – 2012 – first commitment period •Developed countries – bound with targets – Annex I countries – Such as: UK, Europe, Australia etc. •Developing countries – no targets – non annex I countries – Such as: India; Pakistan; China; Thailand; Malaysia; Mexico; Brazil etc. ...
... •It must be achieved by 2008 – 2012 – first commitment period •Developed countries – bound with targets – Annex I countries – Such as: UK, Europe, Australia etc. •Developing countries – no targets – non annex I countries – Such as: India; Pakistan; China; Thailand; Malaysia; Mexico; Brazil etc. ...
Is Global Warming Mainly Due to Anthropogenic GHG Emissions?
... When the earth is in a radioactive balance with space, the net incoming solar radiation is balanced by the outgoing longwave radiation from the characteristic emission level. When greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere, the characteristic level is raised in altitude, and, because the temperat ...
... When the earth is in a radioactive balance with space, the net incoming solar radiation is balanced by the outgoing longwave radiation from the characteristic emission level. When greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere, the characteristic level is raised in altitude, and, because the temperat ...
The importance of the Montreal Protocol in protecting climate
... and associated RF; (ii) the time dependence of CO2 emissions and associated RF; and (iii) the offsets of climate protection by ODSs caused by stratospheric ozone depletion and the use of ODS substitute gases. We show what has already been achieved for climate by the Montreal Protocol and compare it ...
... and associated RF; (ii) the time dependence of CO2 emissions and associated RF; and (iii) the offsets of climate protection by ODSs caused by stratospheric ozone depletion and the use of ODS substitute gases. We show what has already been achieved for climate by the Montreal Protocol and compare it ...
UNFCCC National Communications Program and New Guidelines
... entity of the financial mechanism provided in decision 6/CP.8, should be used for the preparation of second and, where appropriate, third and initial national communications ...
... entity of the financial mechanism provided in decision 6/CP.8, should be used for the preparation of second and, where appropriate, third and initial national communications ...
The role of EIA in greenhouse gas mitigation Abstract The role of EIA
... New Zealand Government Greenhouse Gas Policy The New Zealand Government’s provisional gross emission target for 2030 is 30% below 2005 emissions (a target which is only 10% below 1990 levels). The Emissions Trading Scheme is the principal means that is currently in place to generate greenhouse gas r ...
... New Zealand Government Greenhouse Gas Policy The New Zealand Government’s provisional gross emission target for 2030 is 30% below 2005 emissions (a target which is only 10% below 1990 levels). The Emissions Trading Scheme is the principal means that is currently in place to generate greenhouse gas r ...
Global Climate Change Transportations Role in Reducing
... “More integrated transport and spatial planning policies might contain demand for motorized transport.” Mode shifts … cannot … form the corner-stone of effective CO2 abatement policy and the prominence given to modal shift policies is at odds with indications that most modal shift policies achie ...
... “More integrated transport and spatial planning policies might contain demand for motorized transport.” Mode shifts … cannot … form the corner-stone of effective CO2 abatement policy and the prominence given to modal shift policies is at odds with indications that most modal shift policies achie ...
Embargoed Material – Do not distribute, blog, tweet, forward, or
... emissions. The vast majority of states received below a “C” grade in terms of supporting GHG reductions through transportation decisions and no state received higher than a “B-.” Most states are not making any effort at all to connect transportation policy with climate change and energy goals, and s ...
... emissions. The vast majority of states received below a “C” grade in terms of supporting GHG reductions through transportation decisions and no state received higher than a “B-.” Most states are not making any effort at all to connect transportation policy with climate change and energy goals, and s ...
By the Numbers: Canadian GHG Emissions
... to be a ‘floor’, suggesting that a consultation process with provinces would be launched to design a credible plan for Canada that might lead to an even more ambitious reduction target. In order to assess the cumulative effect of all INDCs received before the Paris Conference, the United Nations Fra ...
... to be a ‘floor’, suggesting that a consultation process with provinces would be launched to design a credible plan for Canada that might lead to an even more ambitious reduction target. In order to assess the cumulative effect of all INDCs received before the Paris Conference, the United Nations Fra ...
Climate action
... economy. Its efforts in this area date back to 1990 when the EU committed to stabilising its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at that year’s levels by 2000, a target which it met. Since then, the Union has put in place a whole series of policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many through ...
... economy. Its efforts in this area date back to 1990 when the EU committed to stabilising its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions at that year’s levels by 2000, a target which it met. Since then, the Union has put in place a whole series of policy measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, many through ...
Why negative CO2 emission technologies should not be classified
... Unlike SRM, some Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) techniques such as negative CO2 emissions technologies address the problem of increased CO2 concentrations The term ‘geoengineering’ is also used to encompass a class of techniques referred to as Carbon Dioxide Removal. Many scientists oppose such a conf ...
... Unlike SRM, some Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) techniques such as negative CO2 emissions technologies address the problem of increased CO2 concentrations The term ‘geoengineering’ is also used to encompass a class of techniques referred to as Carbon Dioxide Removal. Many scientists oppose such a conf ...
Document
... Montreal Protocol was ‘a useful mechanism for providing the necessary economic incentive to develop and market suitable alternatives,’ which DuPont was already preparing. From a public choice perspective, it was a plain enough case of ‘predation through regulation.’28 According to John Baert Wiener ...
... Montreal Protocol was ‘a useful mechanism for providing the necessary economic incentive to develop and market suitable alternatives,’ which DuPont was already preparing. From a public choice perspective, it was a plain enough case of ‘predation through regulation.’28 According to John Baert Wiener ...
The economic crisis and the two great challenges of 21st century (237 kB) (opens in new window)
... consistent with this goal. Given the inequities of the history of emissions, whilst the actual emissions of rich countries would fall by at least 80% they should be responsible for paying for more than this. Though part of their overall effort should take place in developing countries where it can b ...
... consistent with this goal. Given the inequities of the history of emissions, whilst the actual emissions of rich countries would fall by at least 80% they should be responsible for paying for more than this. Though part of their overall effort should take place in developing countries where it can b ...
Caring for climate a guide to the climate change convention
... The Convention concerns all greenhouse gases not covered by the 1987 Montreal Protocol to the United Nations Convention on Protection of the Ozone Layer. The focus of the Kyoto Protocol, however, is on the following six: ...
... The Convention concerns all greenhouse gases not covered by the 1987 Montreal Protocol to the United Nations Convention on Protection of the Ozone Layer. The focus of the Kyoto Protocol, however, is on the following six: ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.