Results Report - World Wide Views on Climate and Energy
... all nations on Earth to take part in producing comparable results that can be clearly communicated to policymakers. WWViews on Climate and Energy implemented 97 debates involving around 10,000 citizens in 76 countries spanning five continents. The citizens gathered in their respective countries to d ...
... all nations on Earth to take part in producing comparable results that can be clearly communicated to policymakers. WWViews on Climate and Energy implemented 97 debates involving around 10,000 citizens in 76 countries spanning five continents. The citizens gathered in their respective countries to d ...
Working Paper Series: The Global Energy Market: Comprehensive Strategies to Meet
... could be convinced of the need for higher natural gas prices while people in neighboring countries are supplied at subsidized prices. ...
... could be convinced of the need for higher natural gas prices while people in neighboring countries are supplied at subsidized prices. ...
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... In developing a cap-and-trade system, policymakers must decide on several design elements (Stavins 2008). Policymakers must determine how many allowances they will issue, which defines the system’s cap. Policymakers must also determine the scope of the cap’s coverage, or what emission sources and ty ...
... In developing a cap-and-trade system, policymakers must decide on several design elements (Stavins 2008). Policymakers must determine how many allowances they will issue, which defines the system’s cap. Policymakers must also determine the scope of the cap’s coverage, or what emission sources and ty ...
Trees and Climate Change
... inevitable due to past emissions. • We can expect a further rise in temperature of 2°C (above the 1961 to 1990 baseline) by 2100 even if we decrease our carbon dioxide emissions dramatically. • If no action is taken now, the rise in temperature could be as high as 7°C by 2100. • The growing season h ...
... inevitable due to past emissions. • We can expect a further rise in temperature of 2°C (above the 1961 to 1990 baseline) by 2100 even if we decrease our carbon dioxide emissions dramatically. • If no action is taken now, the rise in temperature could be as high as 7°C by 2100. • The growing season h ...
Public Acceptability of Climate Change Mitigation
... Our study examines the public acceptability of the EU’s future climate change mitigation policies. Using the discrete choice experiment, we elicit the preferences of about 4,098 respondents from the Czech Republic, Poland, and the United Kingdom for the GHG emission reduction policies that differ in ...
... Our study examines the public acceptability of the EU’s future climate change mitigation policies. Using the discrete choice experiment, we elicit the preferences of about 4,098 respondents from the Czech Republic, Poland, and the United Kingdom for the GHG emission reduction policies that differ in ...
Impacts of Chinese reactive nitrogen on climate change
... E6: Ozone formed in the troposphere as a result of NOx emissions can damage plant productivity and further decrease CO2 uptake by the vegetation. ...
... E6: Ozone formed in the troposphere as a result of NOx emissions can damage plant productivity and further decrease CO2 uptake by the vegetation. ...
Deliverable 2: “Gap Analysis”
... standards development organizations and other domain oriented bodies such as academic institutions (i.e. Universities), NGOs, and other groups. The main focus of these groups is not limited to standards elaboration but would also cover labelling, methodologies, and related activities. This document ...
... standards development organizations and other domain oriented bodies such as academic institutions (i.e. Universities), NGOs, and other groups. The main focus of these groups is not limited to standards elaboration but would also cover labelling, methodologies, and related activities. This document ...
Sensitivity of Twentieth-Century Sahel Rainfall to
... in the historical drought is a direct local radiative forcing from dust aerosol, which may have amplified the SST-induced drying in the Sahel (Yoshioka et al. 2007). However, there is currently no multimodel agreement on the sign of the dust impact. This, and other processes (such as carbonaceous ae ...
... in the historical drought is a direct local radiative forcing from dust aerosol, which may have amplified the SST-induced drying in the Sahel (Yoshioka et al. 2007). However, there is currently no multimodel agreement on the sign of the dust impact. This, and other processes (such as carbonaceous ae ...
Fossil Fuel Employment and Public Opinion about Climate Change
... employed, 80 or just over five percent of the sample reported working in the oil, gas, or energy sector. In Norway, this essentially means the fossil fuel industry, which includes exploration, drilling and refining, equipment manufacturing, and support services. ...
... employed, 80 or just over five percent of the sample reported working in the oil, gas, or energy sector. In Norway, this essentially means the fossil fuel industry, which includes exploration, drilling and refining, equipment manufacturing, and support services. ...
SoE 08 Part 4.1 Atmos - Commissioner for Environmental
... A key service provided by the atmosphere is moderation of the climate. Victoria’s climate is naturally highly variable. El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation create variable weather patterns, with the effect being more marked in the north of the State1. Traditionally reports on the state of ...
... A key service provided by the atmosphere is moderation of the climate. Victoria’s climate is naturally highly variable. El Niño, La Niña and the Southern Oscillation create variable weather patterns, with the effect being more marked in the north of the State1. Traditionally reports on the state of ...
The Story of Carbon Meet Philip Duffy Also in this Issue
... largely about carbon. Carbon is the thread that runs through all of the research at WHRC and the impacts that follow from our work. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major heat-trapping gas under human control. CO2 drives climate change. CO2 is released to the atmosphere as a result of deforestation and c ...
... largely about carbon. Carbon is the thread that runs through all of the research at WHRC and the impacts that follow from our work. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major heat-trapping gas under human control. CO2 drives climate change. CO2 is released to the atmosphere as a result of deforestation and c ...
fair shares: a civil society equity review of indcs report
... terms of cumulative emissions since an agreed date; and ...
... terms of cumulative emissions since an agreed date; and ...
Impacts of changes in land use and land cover on atmospheric
... gas concentrations and the resulting climate change may have large impacts on global land cover (Bachelet et al., 2001, 2003; Cox et al, 2000, 2004; Cramer et al., 2001, 2004). For example, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations may enhance vegetation growth through CO2 fertilization (Cramer et a ...
... gas concentrations and the resulting climate change may have large impacts on global land cover (Bachelet et al., 2001, 2003; Cox et al, 2000, 2004; Cramer et al., 2001, 2004). For example, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations may enhance vegetation growth through CO2 fertilization (Cramer et a ...
Climate Choices for a Sustainable Southwest
... choices we make in responding to climate change assist in the long-term maintenance of economic, social, and environmental well-being―in other words, in meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations (Wiek et al. 2012). These choices include reducing the risks of climate ch ...
... choices we make in responding to climate change assist in the long-term maintenance of economic, social, and environmental well-being―in other words, in meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations (Wiek et al. 2012). These choices include reducing the risks of climate ch ...
Ethics and Global Climate Change* Stephen M
... the problem. This is partly because a rapid and unprecedented lowering of temperature would have similar kinds of adverse effects on human and nonhuman life and health as a rapid warming, and partly because the effects most likely to cause cooling (such as a shutdown of the thermohaline circulation ...
... the problem. This is partly because a rapid and unprecedented lowering of temperature would have similar kinds of adverse effects on human and nonhuman life and health as a rapid warming, and partly because the effects most likely to cause cooling (such as a shutdown of the thermohaline circulation ...
The effects of global change upon United States air quality
... R. Gonzalez-Abraham et al.: The effects of global change upon US air quality In this work, we present a continuation of the work described by Avise et al. (2009) and Chen et al. (2009a, b), who downscaled the Parallel Climate Model (PCM; Washington et al., 2000) and MOZART (Model for OZone And Rela ...
... R. Gonzalez-Abraham et al.: The effects of global change upon US air quality In this work, we present a continuation of the work described by Avise et al. (2009) and Chen et al. (2009a, b), who downscaled the Parallel Climate Model (PCM; Washington et al., 2000) and MOZART (Model for OZone And Rela ...
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... our natural environment and affect the global economy, thus representing the world’s most pressing long-term threat to future prosperity and security. With greenhouse gas emissions embodied in virtually all products produced and traded in every conceivable economic sector, effectively addressing cli ...
... our natural environment and affect the global economy, thus representing the world’s most pressing long-term threat to future prosperity and security. With greenhouse gas emissions embodied in virtually all products produced and traded in every conceivable economic sector, effectively addressing cli ...
here
... Scottish emissions have reduced by more than a quarter since 1990. They must continue to fall at a similar rate between 2009 and 2020 to meet statutory targets. Scottish emissions fell by more than a quarter between 1990 and 2009 16. Scottish emissions fell by 28 per cent between 1990 and 2009, from ...
... Scottish emissions have reduced by more than a quarter since 1990. They must continue to fall at a similar rate between 2009 and 2020 to meet statutory targets. Scottish emissions fell by more than a quarter between 1990 and 2009 16. Scottish emissions fell by 28 per cent between 1990 and 2009, from ...
THE TOP-30 OF ECONOMISTS IN IRELAND
... truncates the tails of distributions of input parameters, that FUND fully recognizes 3 , but keeps vulnerability to climate change as in 1995 while FUND has vulnerability declining with development – the two main differences between the two models roughly offset one another. We used two different a ...
... truncates the tails of distributions of input parameters, that FUND fully recognizes 3 , but keeps vulnerability to climate change as in 1995 while FUND has vulnerability declining with development – the two main differences between the two models roughly offset one another. We used two different a ...
REGULATING GREENHOUSE GASES UNDER THE CLEAN AIR
... alternatives must be considered. Since the legislative branch does not have the ability or will to address climate change, executive action is the most viable way forward. Using a variety of tools including the Clean Air Act (CAA) as a case study, cost-benefit analysis, forecasting, and simulations ...
... alternatives must be considered. Since the legislative branch does not have the ability or will to address climate change, executive action is the most viable way forward. Using a variety of tools including the Clean Air Act (CAA) as a case study, cost-benefit analysis, forecasting, and simulations ...
as PDF
... which increases risk of future economic development. Investors in many fields are continually making decisions in the face of uncertain information about risks and outcomes. Wrong decisions can lead to some negative macroeconomic and microeconomic consequences. That is why addressing climate change ...
... which increases risk of future economic development. Investors in many fields are continually making decisions in the face of uncertain information about risks and outcomes. Wrong decisions can lead to some negative macroeconomic and microeconomic consequences. That is why addressing climate change ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.