Asian Aerosols: Current and Year 2030 Distributions and
... as areas with high open biomass burning such as Southeast Asian countries of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia. BC emissions over Pacific and Indian Oceans are from shipping and aviation. One source of error in the emissions used in the simulations is that due to annual changes in anthropogenic emiss ...
... as areas with high open biomass burning such as Southeast Asian countries of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia. BC emissions over Pacific and Indian Oceans are from shipping and aviation. One source of error in the emissions used in the simulations is that due to annual changes in anthropogenic emiss ...
Climate, biodiversity, and forests : issues and opportunities
... set as the target for completing the negotiations. At the Earth Summit, 154 governments signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). The stated objective of the FCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous, h ...
... set as the target for completing the negotiations. At the Earth Summit, 154 governments signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). The stated objective of the FCCC is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous, h ...
PDF
... planet by reflecting sunlight back to space. Some aerosols also cool the Earth indirectly by increasing the amount of sunlight reflected by clouds. Human activities, such as industrial processes, produce many different kinds of aerosols. The total cooling that these aerosols produce is one of the gr ...
... planet by reflecting sunlight back to space. Some aerosols also cool the Earth indirectly by increasing the amount of sunlight reflected by clouds. Human activities, such as industrial processes, produce many different kinds of aerosols. The total cooling that these aerosols produce is one of the gr ...
02_Lunch_BWielicki Economic Value - A
... Unexpected accelerations such as arctic methane or carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions as climate warms Larger than expected sea level rise (e.g. recent Hansen et al 2016 paper just released on nonlinear sea level rise rates) ...
... Unexpected accelerations such as arctic methane or carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions as climate warms Larger than expected sea level rise (e.g. recent Hansen et al 2016 paper just released on nonlinear sea level rise rates) ...
Document
... • business would like to have some control … not just be ‘hit’ by taxes • the CBI favours cap & trade methods to e.g doubling CCL • CRC provides - opportunity to trade - incentives for action - gets the attention of the Board ...
... • business would like to have some control … not just be ‘hit’ by taxes • the CBI favours cap & trade methods to e.g doubling CCL • CRC provides - opportunity to trade - incentives for action - gets the attention of the Board ...
Climate change as a driver of change in the Great Lakes St
... pledges as part of the UNFCCC's 2009 Copenhagen Accord which aims to limit the global temperature increase to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to fund climate adaptation in developing countries (UNFCCC, 2009). However, both countries are still exceeding their emissions pledges. The US and Canadi ...
... pledges as part of the UNFCCC's 2009 Copenhagen Accord which aims to limit the global temperature increase to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and to fund climate adaptation in developing countries (UNFCCC, 2009). However, both countries are still exceeding their emissions pledges. The US and Canadi ...
Climate 2020, rising to the challenge
... adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change, so soon after world leaders agreed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, marked a turning point. We have a real opportunity to change the course of history, with governments, businesses, civil society and individuals everywhere working in con ...
... adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change, so soon after world leaders agreed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, marked a turning point. We have a real opportunity to change the course of history, with governments, businesses, civil society and individuals everywhere working in con ...
Climate Change and the Historic Environment
... Although the Earth’s climate changes continually, and often dramatically, as a result of natural processes, there is now a strong scientific consensus that greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human actions are causing significant additional and very rapid changes to the climate.These changes wil ...
... Although the Earth’s climate changes continually, and often dramatically, as a result of natural processes, there is now a strong scientific consensus that greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human actions are causing significant additional and very rapid changes to the climate.These changes wil ...
Climate Change in the American Mind: October 2014
... o Increased funding for improvements to local roads, bridges, and buildings to make them more resistant to extreme weather (83%) o Funding more research into renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power (77%) o Providing tax rebates to people who purchase energy-efficient vehicles or solar ...
... o Increased funding for improvements to local roads, bridges, and buildings to make them more resistant to extreme weather (83%) o Funding more research into renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power (77%) o Providing tax rebates to people who purchase energy-efficient vehicles or solar ...
A CARBON EMISSIONS TAX AS A MITIGATING STRATEGY FOR
... South Africa has begun to play an influential role, as a developing country, in international negotiations on climate change. South Africa is not under legal obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but as a large contributor of greenhouse gases in Africa and globally, South Africa has a moral ...
... South Africa has begun to play an influential role, as a developing country, in international negotiations on climate change. South Africa is not under legal obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but as a large contributor of greenhouse gases in Africa and globally, South Africa has a moral ...
acadia national park in peril - Rocky Mountain Climate Organization
... The National Park Service staff at Acadia is concerned that an increase in wildfire in the park could be one of the most significant effects of hotter and drier conditions in the park and the surrounding area. In 1947, an epic fire burned nearly half of the eastern side of Mount Desert ...
... The National Park Service staff at Acadia is concerned that an increase in wildfire in the park could be one of the most significant effects of hotter and drier conditions in the park and the surrounding area. In 1947, an epic fire burned nearly half of the eastern side of Mount Desert ...
Overcoming Behavioral and Institutional Inertia
... Note: The 2009 Accenture Climate Change Survey was conducted with a sample of 10,733 individuals in 22 developed and emerging economies. The sample was representative of the general population in developed countries and urban populations in developing countries. Panel a: Respondents were asked about ...
... Note: The 2009 Accenture Climate Change Survey was conducted with a sample of 10,733 individuals in 22 developed and emerging economies. The sample was representative of the general population in developed countries and urban populations in developing countries. Panel a: Respondents were asked about ...
gov commision report
... group of recommendations thus addresses directly the Commission’s fourth charge as outlined in Executive Order 59: Identify the actions (beyond those identified in the Energy Plan) that need to be taken to achieve the 30% reduction goal. After the first group of recommendations, the report provides ...
... group of recommendations thus addresses directly the Commission’s fourth charge as outlined in Executive Order 59: Identify the actions (beyond those identified in the Energy Plan) that need to be taken to achieve the 30% reduction goal. After the first group of recommendations, the report provides ...
Chapter 4 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
... significant normative content and may be used in a myriad of ways that are more or less binding. For example, the World Bank’s technical performance standards for emissions from coal-fired power plants are not a formal source of law, but they nonetheless embody norms that will be enforced through th ...
... significant normative content and may be used in a myriad of ways that are more or less binding. For example, the World Bank’s technical performance standards for emissions from coal-fired power plants are not a formal source of law, but they nonetheless embody norms that will be enforced through th ...
Financing adaptation
... growth, access to potable water, food security, sanitation, improved health status, etc., take precedence. Hence, the concept of mainstreaming – integration of policies and measures to address climate change into ongoing sectoral and development planning and decisionmaking – so as to ensure long-ter ...
... growth, access to potable water, food security, sanitation, improved health status, etc., take precedence. Hence, the concept of mainstreaming – integration of policies and measures to address climate change into ongoing sectoral and development planning and decisionmaking – so as to ensure long-ter ...
Student Conceptions about Global Warming and Climate Change
... that global warming causes the ozone hole. Although a number of students believed that increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide causes global warming and climate change they rarely identified methane or nitrous oxides as greenhouse gases or as a cause of global warming and climate change. Fur ...
... that global warming causes the ozone hole. Although a number of students believed that increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide causes global warming and climate change they rarely identified methane or nitrous oxides as greenhouse gases or as a cause of global warming and climate change. Fur ...
February 26, 2014 Ms. Mabel Echols Office of Information and
... The SCC estimates the economic cost of climate impacts—specifically the additional economic harm caused by one additional metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. SCC calculations are important for evaluating the costs of activities that produce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climat ...
... The SCC estimates the economic cost of climate impacts—specifically the additional economic harm caused by one additional metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. SCC calculations are important for evaluating the costs of activities that produce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climat ...
The Corporation of Delta COUNCIL REPORT Regular
... emissions are under the direct or indirect control or influence of municipal governments. Consequently, municipalities have become a focal point of both the Government of Canada’s and Province of British Columbia’s climate change action planning. Delta Council has long understood the important role ...
... emissions are under the direct or indirect control or influence of municipal governments. Consequently, municipalities have become a focal point of both the Government of Canada’s and Province of British Columbia’s climate change action planning. Delta Council has long understood the important role ...
Adaptation and mitigation: trade-offs in substance and methods Richard S.J. Tol *
... 5. Trade-offs between mitigation and facilitative adaptation One question a comparison of mitigation and facilitative adaptation could address is how much the need for facilitative adaptation falls if mitigation is increased. That question is difficult to answer as climate change is so uncertain. Mo ...
... 5. Trade-offs between mitigation and facilitative adaptation One question a comparison of mitigation and facilitative adaptation could address is how much the need for facilitative adaptation falls if mitigation is increased. That question is difficult to answer as climate change is so uncertain. Mo ...
The Montreal Protocol Protection of Ozone and Climate
... outgoing radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere, which further warms the surface and leads to changes in other climate parameters, such as precipitation. This change in earth’s radiative balance caused by human activities is called a radiative forcing of climate and is generally evaluated at or nea ...
... outgoing radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere, which further warms the surface and leads to changes in other climate parameters, such as precipitation. This change in earth’s radiative balance caused by human activities is called a radiative forcing of climate and is generally evaluated at or nea ...
China, the United States and the European Union: Multiple
... since the adoption of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which featured climate mitigation targets for developed (Annex I) countries only.4 At present, the world can no longer be easily divided into rich, developed countries on the one hand, and ...
... since the adoption of the 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which featured climate mitigation targets for developed (Annex I) countries only.4 At present, the world can no longer be easily divided into rich, developed countries on the one hand, and ...
Document
... Incentives to reduce emissions from the loss of forests (deforestation and degradation) and to preserve and enhance their carbon stocks. ...
... Incentives to reduce emissions from the loss of forests (deforestation and degradation) and to preserve and enhance their carbon stocks. ...
CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PERCEPTION AND POLICY
... seem concerned about global warming, yet view it as less important than nearly all other national or environmental issues. What explains this paradox? Additionally, why do some Americans see climate change as an urgent, immediate danger, while others view it as a gradual, incremental problem, or not ...
... seem concerned about global warming, yet view it as less important than nearly all other national or environmental issues. What explains this paradox? Additionally, why do some Americans see climate change as an urgent, immediate danger, while others view it as a gradual, incremental problem, or not ...
Germany`s International Approach to Climate Change
... two degrees Celsius. The successful outcome of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancun is still a powerful signal that the international community can indeed act collectively. Now it is important to build on this success and make further, gradual progress based on practical operationa ...
... two degrees Celsius. The successful outcome of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Cancun is still a powerful signal that the international community can indeed act collectively. Now it is important to build on this success and make further, gradual progress based on practical operationa ...
DOC - Europa.eu
... 11. How will airlines contribute to emissions reduction and where will the revenues from aviation be used? The aviation sector is fast growing and emissions from the sector are predicted to grow in the future. Now that aviation is a part of EU ETS, even in the case emissions from the sector continu ...
... 11. How will airlines contribute to emissions reduction and where will the revenues from aviation be used? The aviation sector is fast growing and emissions from the sector are predicted to grow in the future. Now that aviation is a part of EU ETS, even in the case emissions from the sector continu ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.