High impact, low probability? An empirical analysis of risk in the economics of climate change: Working Paper 9 (505 kB) (opens in new window)
... The Munich Re Programme is evaluating the economics of climate risks and opportunities in the insurance sector. It is a comprehensive research programme that focuses on the assessment of the risks from climate change and on the appropriate responses, to inform decision-making in the private and publ ...
... The Munich Re Programme is evaluating the economics of climate risks and opportunities in the insurance sector. It is a comprehensive research programme that focuses on the assessment of the risks from climate change and on the appropriate responses, to inform decision-making in the private and publ ...
1 Darrel Moellendorf Forthcoming in Dominic Roser and Jennifer
... urgency affects the kind of moral guidance we should expect and can reasonably propose to others. To which norms and ideals can we, should we, appeal to guide the development of a comprehensive climate change treaty? Due to the decidedly non-ideal circumstances of climate change, perhaps the develop ...
... urgency affects the kind of moral guidance we should expect and can reasonably propose to others. To which norms and ideals can we, should we, appeal to guide the development of a comprehensive climate change treaty? Due to the decidedly non-ideal circumstances of climate change, perhaps the develop ...
Global Climate Change - Railway Tie Association
... It is well known that human activities like burning fossil fuels that pump carbon into the atmosphere are likely contributing to global warming. While we must seek ways to reduce carbon pollution there is another approach that, in effect, enables us to buy time – that is to capitalize on the remarka ...
... It is well known that human activities like burning fossil fuels that pump carbon into the atmosphere are likely contributing to global warming. While we must seek ways to reduce carbon pollution there is another approach that, in effect, enables us to buy time – that is to capitalize on the remarka ...
UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the WTO – Brewing Conflicts or
... terms of assigned amounts or allowed emission, which can be divided into assigned amount units (AAUs) similar to pollution permits or allowances. 27 In the first commitment period, 2008-2012, the Annex I Parties are required reduce their GHGs to an average of 5.2 percent below their 1990 levels as s ...
... terms of assigned amounts or allowed emission, which can be divided into assigned amount units (AAUs) similar to pollution permits or allowances. 27 In the first commitment period, 2008-2012, the Annex I Parties are required reduce their GHGs to an average of 5.2 percent below their 1990 levels as s ...
Transitioning towards a low-carbon economy in Mexico
... This document offers an empirical application of the notion of energy transition to the Mexican economy and it takes the next step of simulating medium- and long-term impacts of proposed and future energy and fiscal policy on the environment and the Mexican economy. The starting point of the analysi ...
... This document offers an empirical application of the notion of energy transition to the Mexican economy and it takes the next step of simulating medium- and long-term impacts of proposed and future energy and fiscal policy on the environment and the Mexican economy. The starting point of the analysi ...
Center for Economic and Policy Studies Rethinking Environmental
... Climate change policy analysis has focused almost exclusively on national policy and even on harmonizing climate policies across countries, implicitly assuming that harmonization of climate policies at the subnational level would be mandated or guaranteed. We argue that the design and implementation ...
... Climate change policy analysis has focused almost exclusively on national policy and even on harmonizing climate policies across countries, implicitly assuming that harmonization of climate policies at the subnational level would be mandated or guaranteed. We argue that the design and implementation ...
How Do Recent Population Trends Matter to Climate Change?
... climate interactions. In addition to the growth of total population size, research shows that changes in population composition (i.e. age, urban-rural residence, and household structure) generate substantial effects on the climate system. Moreover, studies by the impact, vulnerability and adaptation ...
... climate interactions. In addition to the growth of total population size, research shows that changes in population composition (i.e. age, urban-rural residence, and household structure) generate substantial effects on the climate system. Moreover, studies by the impact, vulnerability and adaptation ...
Chapter 2: International Legal Approaches: Treaties and Non
... Platform to develop a new protocol or other legal approach. However, until parties reach such an agreement rather than just agreeing to a procedure for trying to get there, only the Kyoto Protocol parties have specific, binding commitments to mitigate climate change. The other UNFCCC parties track a ...
... Platform to develop a new protocol or other legal approach. However, until parties reach such an agreement rather than just agreeing to a procedure for trying to get there, only the Kyoto Protocol parties have specific, binding commitments to mitigate climate change. The other UNFCCC parties track a ...
Second National Communication
... Figure 1.5 - Rainfall distribution over Mauritius for periods 1931-1960 and 1971-2000 Figure 1.6 - Contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the economy in 2000 and 2006 Figure 1.7 - Land occupancy in 1995 and 2005 in Mauritius Figure 1.8 - Forest cover in Mauritius Figur ...
... Figure 1.5 - Rainfall distribution over Mauritius for periods 1931-1960 and 1971-2000 Figure 1.6 - Contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the economy in 2000 and 2006 Figure 1.7 - Land occupancy in 1995 and 2005 in Mauritius Figure 1.8 - Forest cover in Mauritius Figur ...
States (and Cities) as Actors in Global Climate Regulation: Unitary
... leading edge of vehicle emissions technology forcing and regulation globally.5 Thus far 18 “piggyback” states have adopted or plan to adopt California’s proposed motor vehicle regulations.6 The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a group of ten northeastern and mid-Atlantic States (possibly ...
... leading edge of vehicle emissions technology forcing and regulation globally.5 Thus far 18 “piggyback” states have adopted or plan to adopt California’s proposed motor vehicle regulations.6 The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a group of ten northeastern and mid-Atlantic States (possibly ...
Climate Change News 10 February 10
... This policy brief, published by the research network NCCR North-South, argues that good natural resource management can benefit poor farmers and help developing countries mitigate climate change and adapt to its effects. In Ethiopia, farmers have increased their yields by rehabilitating degraded soi ...
... This policy brief, published by the research network NCCR North-South, argues that good natural resource management can benefit poor farmers and help developing countries mitigate climate change and adapt to its effects. In Ethiopia, farmers have increased their yields by rehabilitating degraded soi ...
Enhancing Climate Change Mitigation Efforts
... such broad negotiations. Detractors point out that the agreement made in Durban essentially constitutes the death knell of the Kyoto Protocol, contending that there will be a new agreement. The intent of this article is to review and evaluate the current status of climate change mitigation efforts i ...
... such broad negotiations. Detractors point out that the agreement made in Durban essentially constitutes the death knell of the Kyoto Protocol, contending that there will be a new agreement. The intent of this article is to review and evaluate the current status of climate change mitigation efforts i ...
Growing within Limits
... In May of this year, the Dutch Environment Minister invited the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) to analyse current trends in global environmental problems, in the context of the findings of the so-called ‘Limits to Growth’ publications by the Club of Rome, which have been published ...
... In May of this year, the Dutch Environment Minister invited the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL) to analyse current trends in global environmental problems, in the context of the findings of the so-called ‘Limits to Growth’ publications by the Club of Rome, which have been published ...
PDF - unu-wider - United Nations University
... Hundreds of millions of people suffer from hunger and food insecurity. According to estimates, the total number of undernourished people in the world in 2009 was 1.023 billion, although this was expected to decline by 2010 to 925 million (FAO 2010a). But in 2010, the actual number of hungry people w ...
... Hundreds of millions of people suffer from hunger and food insecurity. According to estimates, the total number of undernourished people in the world in 2009 was 1.023 billion, although this was expected to decline by 2010 to 925 million (FAO 2010a). But in 2010, the actual number of hungry people w ...
Globally averaged temperatures have increased since the mid
... northern Europe and Asia with emissions of sulfate aerosol from fossil fuel combustion, nitrate from combustion of diesel and gasoline, and organic carbon and soot (black carbon) from fossil fuel, bio-fuel, and biomass combustion. Long-term, ground-based measurements of sulfate and light scattering ...
... northern Europe and Asia with emissions of sulfate aerosol from fossil fuel combustion, nitrate from combustion of diesel and gasoline, and organic carbon and soot (black carbon) from fossil fuel, bio-fuel, and biomass combustion. Long-term, ground-based measurements of sulfate and light scattering ...
International climate policy after Copenhagen: towards a ‘building blocks’ approach: Working Paper No. 21 (303 kB) (opens in new window)
... difficult and the Kyoto Protocol only entered into force in February 2005, after a prolonged struggle to muster a sufficient number of ratifications. The Kyoto Protocol was also more limited in its scope compared to the Montreal Protocol and its subsequent revisions. Commitments to reduce greenhouse ...
... difficult and the Kyoto Protocol only entered into force in February 2005, after a prolonged struggle to muster a sufficient number of ratifications. The Kyoto Protocol was also more limited in its scope compared to the Montreal Protocol and its subsequent revisions. Commitments to reduce greenhouse ...
Carbon Disclosure submission
... achieve improvements in audited performance in our World Class Supply Chain program which includes a sustainability system block. This results in monetary reward being tied to all production sites improving energy/GHG/water and waste management systems. Incentives based on the following KPI: i) Ener ...
... achieve improvements in audited performance in our World Class Supply Chain program which includes a sustainability system block. This results in monetary reward being tied to all production sites improving energy/GHG/water and waste management systems. Incentives based on the following KPI: i) Ener ...
UK Climate action following the Paris Agreement
... greenhouse gases in the air. We already include three such options in our UK scenarios to 2050: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation and wood in construction. The full range of potential GGR options is wide and diverse, including management of soils and habitats, biochar, direct ...
... greenhouse gases in the air. We already include three such options in our UK scenarios to 2050: bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation and wood in construction. The full range of potential GGR options is wide and diverse, including management of soils and habitats, biochar, direct ...
the Point of No Return report
... A sign of the world’s addiction to fossil fuels is that, even in the face of the clear option to reduce emissions provided by the rise in the impact of renewables, the fossil fuel industry is going after some of the most difficult and dangerous fossil fuels ever to be extracted. Techniques proposed ...
... A sign of the world’s addiction to fossil fuels is that, even in the face of the clear option to reduce emissions provided by the rise in the impact of renewables, the fossil fuel industry is going after some of the most difficult and dangerous fossil fuels ever to be extracted. Techniques proposed ...
Climate Change Policies and the UK Business Sector: Overview, Impacts and Suggestions for Reform
... In this paper, we propose a simplification that would see the three key downstream policies – namely the CRC, CCAs and CCL – merged into a single tax instrument. At least initially, the new instrument would broadly retain the design of the CCL. However, it would be levied on all energy use without e ...
... In this paper, we propose a simplification that would see the three key downstream policies – namely the CRC, CCAs and CCL – merged into a single tax instrument. At least initially, the new instrument would broadly retain the design of the CCL. However, it would be levied on all energy use without e ...
The Cost of Climate Change: What We`ll Pay if
... damages to future generations living in the United States, but also how we value costs to people around the world— today and in the future—whose economic circumstances make them much more vulnerable than we are. Decisions about when and how to respond to climate change must depend not only on our co ...
... damages to future generations living in the United States, but also how we value costs to people around the world— today and in the future—whose economic circumstances make them much more vulnerable than we are. Decisions about when and how to respond to climate change must depend not only on our co ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.