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Future of carbon capture and storage in the UK
Future of carbon capture and storage in the UK

... coal by 2025 - and restrict its use from 2023”.9 4. While gas is cleaner than coal, it still produces on average 400 gCO2/kWh.10 The CCC has assessed that an average grid intensity of around 50 gCO2/kWh by 2030 was the necessary objective for the power sector if the UK is to meet its targets.11 The ...
Projecting future climate change: Implications of carbon cycle
Projecting future climate change: Implications of carbon cycle

NEPA, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND PUBLIC LANDS DECISION MAKING
NEPA, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND PUBLIC LANDS DECISION MAKING

... change. The difficulty stems predominantly from the global scale and the perceived uncertainty of climate change. Though scientists generally agree that anthropogenic climate change is real, substantial uncertainty exists about the primary driver of climate change—future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissio ...
Massachusetts v. EPA - Washington and Lee University
Massachusetts v. EPA - Washington and Lee University

... EPA the authority to regulate GHGs emitted from new motor vehicles.47 Tatel said that the EPA could avoid this literal interpretation by "show[ing] either that, as a matter of historical fact, Congress did not mean what it appears to have said, or that, as a matter of logic and statutory structure, ...
Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide
Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide

The Carbon Cycle : Feature Articles
The Carbon Cycle : Feature Articles

Climate Change Report (2016)
Climate Change Report (2016)

... biodiversity, increase the ecosystem’s capacity to adapt to climate change, and ensure that more carbon is permanently sequestered in the soils of the region’s vast grasslands. *About the Authors Curtis Freese is a conservation biologist and was the founding executive director of American Prairie Re ...
Conflict over Climate Change Politics - GUPEA
Conflict over Climate Change Politics - GUPEA

... In broad terms climate change governance5 is a discursive field where different policy formations and comprehensions on the problem of climate change meet. A number of studies have addressed the social and discursive constitution of climate change policy (eg. Carvalho & Burgess 2005; Hulme 2009; Wei ...
Preserving the Ocean Circulation
Preserving the Ocean Circulation

... example, by Nordhaus [1997], or Ha-Duong et al. [1997]. We refine a basic integrated assessment model to include specific consideration of the thermohaline circulation. In particular, we add the preservation of the thermohaline circulation as a constraint to an optimal growth model. This results in ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change USTH scientific seminar 30/03/2015
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 Mitigation of Climate Change USTH scientific seminar 30/03/2015

... IPCC reports are the result of extensive work of many scientists from around the world. 1 Summary for Policymakers ...
CGE training material
CGE training material

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Environment and Development Challenges
Environment and Development Challenges

... 1.2.1 Demographic: The global population, which has now passed 7 billion people, and the average per capita energy consumption have both increased sevenfold over the past 150 years, for an overall fiftyfold increase in the emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And both are still increasin ...
Petition to the World Heritage Committee
Petition to the World Heritage Committee

... biofuels, and biomass. It is often transported long distances by air currents. Because the darkcolored particles absorb sunlight, black carbon warms the top of the atmosphere, increasing cloud droplet concentrations, and thickening low-level clouds. When deposited on ice and snow, it reduces the al ...
High-impact Sectors: the Challenge of Reporting on Climate Change
High-impact Sectors: the Challenge of Reporting on Climate Change

... months and years on climate negotiations, it is companies who are ‘the elephant in the room’. They are the silent force – and a significant force they are: of the hundred largest economies in the world, 53 are multinational enterprises and only 47 are nation states. It is therefore crucial to monito ...
Lebanon Country Report February - March 2013
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... change, also it is of high importance to build the capacity of national experts in conducting the GHG inventory and mitigation assessment and mitigation scenarios modelling and increasing the capability to benefit from the New Market Mechanisms dealing with carbon markets in the context of sustainab ...
1. INTRODUCTION Climate Change, caused by increasing
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... Climate Change, caused by increasing anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs, etc.), represents the most serious environmental issue in the history of mankind. The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) is the first binding international legal instrument to address ...
climate change document
climate change document

... Together, these stakeholders must take action to help these systems adapt and adequately prepare for unavoidable climate impacts. ...
ece11 Asheim  16688487 en
ece11 Asheim 16688487 en

... future utilities. It also increases the verge between present and future wellbeing, thus making the intergenerational distribution more unequal. Therefore, it seems uncontroversial to allow a trade-off between present and future wellbeing in such circumstances. However, if the future will be worse o ...
Restoration of peatlands and greenhouse gas balances
Restoration of peatlands and greenhouse gas balances

... mentioned restoration techniques have an impact on the emission of greenhouse gases. Firstly, they affect the productivity of the peat forming plants and, thus, the process of peat accumulation which represents a continuing sink for carbon dioxide (CO2). Secondly, rewetting inhibits methane (CH4) ox ...
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... Tjøtta, Gaute Torsvik, Kjell Vaage and the participants of the CESifo Area Conference on Energy & Climate Economics for very helpful suggestions. ...
The IPCC`s Fifth Assessment Report
The IPCC`s Fifth Assessment Report

... atmosphere due to human activities have been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century.6 Current science provides the clearest evidence yet that human activity is changing our climate.7 The impacts of climate change will affect water availability, food production and qual ...
The CCPC grew out of the International Council of Local
The CCPC grew out of the International Council of Local

... Since 1997, no comprehensive surveys of CCPC have been conducted. However, today CCPC consists of 579 cities, generating 8% of the world’s GHG emissions. CCPC could be seen as a success because the network has managed to extend itself and cities have taken up the idea of climate change protection wo ...
Win-win? CDM hydropower projects and their - diss.fu
Win-win? CDM hydropower projects and their - diss.fu

... GHGs regulated under the Kyoto Protocol1. Eligible are mainly renewable energy and energy efficiency projects as well as technologies that capture and burn certain industrial or landfill gases. Hydropower is by far the most common project type, accounting for more than one quarter of all projects in ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PRESERVING THE OCEAN
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PRESERVING THE OCEAN

... example, by Nordhaus [1997], or Ha-Duong et al. [1997]. We refine a basic integrated assessment model to include specific consideration of the thermohaline circulation. In particular, we add the preservation of the thermohaline circulation as a constraint to an optimal growth model. This results in ...
Including land use, land-use change, and forestry in future climate
Including land use, land-use change, and forestry in future climate

... sectors, but may be reluctant to adopt LULUCF commitments – or an overall commitment that might impact or include land use – for a number of reasons, including risks, national sovereignty, and commitment to focusing GHG policies on emissions from fossil fuels. Additional perceived advantages of sect ...
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Climate change mitigation



Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.
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