Chapter 9
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
... • If ATP concentration begins to drop, respiration speeds up; when there is plenty of ATP, respiration slows down • Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the activity of enzymes at strategic points in the catabolic pathway ...
Document
... (a) Triglyceride formation Three fatty acid chains are bound to glycerol by dehydration synthesis ...
... (a) Triglyceride formation Three fatty acid chains are bound to glycerol by dehydration synthesis ...
UNIT-II - E
... As the demand for vinegar for culinary, medical, and sanitary purposes increased, vintners quickly learned to use other organic materials to produce vinegar in the hot summer months before the grapes were ripe and ready for processing into wine. This method was slow, however, and not always successf ...
... As the demand for vinegar for culinary, medical, and sanitary purposes increased, vintners quickly learned to use other organic materials to produce vinegar in the hot summer months before the grapes were ripe and ready for processing into wine. This method was slow, however, and not always successf ...
The Implausibility of Metabolic Cycles on the
... supply of one of its constituents. I have introduced this short treatment of the nonautocatalytic reverse citric acid cycle because it provides a useful introduction to the later discussion. It has not been suggested that the nonautocatalytic cycle alone was a source of prebiotic self-organization o ...
... supply of one of its constituents. I have introduced this short treatment of the nonautocatalytic reverse citric acid cycle because it provides a useful introduction to the later discussion. It has not been suggested that the nonautocatalytic cycle alone was a source of prebiotic self-organization o ...
week 5_carbohydrates cont
... glucose residue in the core of molecules) and more glucose units are present than in amylopectin. • In glycogen, the branches occur at intervals of 8-10 glucose units, while in amylopectin the branches are separated by 12-20 glucose units • Various samples of glycogen have been measured at 1,700-600 ...
... glucose residue in the core of molecules) and more glucose units are present than in amylopectin. • In glycogen, the branches occur at intervals of 8-10 glucose units, while in amylopectin the branches are separated by 12-20 glucose units • Various samples of glycogen have been measured at 1,700-600 ...
The role of sphingolipid metabolism in cutaneous
... Starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, fatty acid synthase complex (FAS)-I in the cytosol and the enzymes of FAS-II in mitochondria generate mainly palmitoyl-CoA [27], which can be ω-hydroxylated and also elongated. As suggested by inhibitor studies, FAs and possibly also ceramides containing ULC ...
... Starting from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, fatty acid synthase complex (FAS)-I in the cytosol and the enzymes of FAS-II in mitochondria generate mainly palmitoyl-CoA [27], which can be ω-hydroxylated and also elongated. As suggested by inhibitor studies, FAs and possibly also ceramides containing ULC ...
electron transport chain
... when DNP makes the phospholipid bilayer of inner mitochondrial membranes permeable to protons (H+)? ( Module 6.11) The redox reactions of the electron transport chain cease. The proton pumps of the inner mitochondrial membrane would cease to function. Many protons would bypass ATP synthase, leading ...
... when DNP makes the phospholipid bilayer of inner mitochondrial membranes permeable to protons (H+)? ( Module 6.11) The redox reactions of the electron transport chain cease. The proton pumps of the inner mitochondrial membrane would cease to function. Many protons would bypass ATP synthase, leading ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvate → → → 2 Lactate (sent to
... The primary functions of this pathway are: 1. To generate reducing equivalents, in the form of NADPH, for reductive biosynthesis reactions within cells (ex: fatty acid synthesis, steroid synthesis). 2. To provide the cell with ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) for the synthesis of the nucleotides and nucleic ...
... The primary functions of this pathway are: 1. To generate reducing equivalents, in the form of NADPH, for reductive biosynthesis reactions within cells (ex: fatty acid synthesis, steroid synthesis). 2. To provide the cell with ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) for the synthesis of the nucleotides and nucleic ...
CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THEIR UTILIZATION
... temperatures are generally lower than terrestrial environments. Preservation at low temperatures is more important for the treatment of fish and shellfish than for other animal meat. These features of fish and shellfish are sometimes advantageous. Characteristic tastes and seasonal variations of fis ...
... temperatures are generally lower than terrestrial environments. Preservation at low temperatures is more important for the treatment of fish and shellfish than for other animal meat. These features of fish and shellfish are sometimes advantageous. Characteristic tastes and seasonal variations of fis ...
CHEMISTRY OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AND THEIR UTILIZATION
... temperatures are generally lower than terrestrial environments. Preservation at low temperatures is more important for the treatment of fish and shellfish than for other animal meat. These features of fish and shellfish are sometimes advantageous. Characteristic tastes and seasonal variations of fis ...
... temperatures are generally lower than terrestrial environments. Preservation at low temperatures is more important for the treatment of fish and shellfish than for other animal meat. These features of fish and shellfish are sometimes advantageous. Characteristic tastes and seasonal variations of fis ...
video slide
... • Electrons carry the energy in these transfer reactions but something is needed to carry the electrons from reaction to reaction • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme (other coenzymes can be used as well) • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as a ...
... • Electrons carry the energy in these transfer reactions but something is needed to carry the electrons from reaction to reaction • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme (other coenzymes can be used as well) • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as a ...
Macromolecules in Biological System.doc
... The module solidifies and extends knowledge obtained from previous modules mainly on Aldehydes, Ketones and amino acids, linking them to the organism’s vital functions. The study on the contents of this module will give knowledge about properties and the activity of some of the main macromolecules f ...
... The module solidifies and extends knowledge obtained from previous modules mainly on Aldehydes, Ketones and amino acids, linking them to the organism’s vital functions. The study on the contents of this module will give knowledge about properties and the activity of some of the main macromolecules f ...
LE 5-2 - MrBrock.com
... • Fats made from unsaturated fatty acids are called unsaturated fats • Plant fats and fish fats are usually unsaturated • Plant fats and fish fats are liquid at room temperature and are called oils ...
... • Fats made from unsaturated fatty acids are called unsaturated fats • Plant fats and fish fats are usually unsaturated • Plant fats and fish fats are liquid at room temperature and are called oils ...
Unit 04 Lecture Notes - Roderick Anatomy and Physiology
... • I know the 3 reactions that make up cellular respiration. • I know the general characteristics of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • I know the difference between Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • I know the where glycolysis occurs, its input and outputs and whether or not it is anaerobic or aerobic ...
... • I know the 3 reactions that make up cellular respiration. • I know the general characteristics of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) • I know the difference between Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration • I know the where glycolysis occurs, its input and outputs and whether or not it is anaerobic or aerobic ...
bile acids - The Vespiary
... GC. Also, since bile contains only 1}2% of cholesterol, it is much easier to obtain pure bile acids free from cholesterol. Urinary bile acids are also present mainly in conjugated form, and only a few milligrams per day are excreted. However, in hepatobiliary diseases like primary biliary cirrhosis, ...
... GC. Also, since bile contains only 1}2% of cholesterol, it is much easier to obtain pure bile acids free from cholesterol. Urinary bile acids are also present mainly in conjugated form, and only a few milligrams per day are excreted. However, in hepatobiliary diseases like primary biliary cirrhosis, ...
Document
... The catalytic cycle of enzyme action can be described in the following steps. a. First the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme fitting into the active site. b. the binding of the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape, fitting more tightly around the substrate c. the active si ...
... The catalytic cycle of enzyme action can be described in the following steps. a. First the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme fitting into the active site. b. the binding of the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape, fitting more tightly around the substrate c. the active si ...
High-resolution analysis of metabolic cycles in the intertidal mussel
... synthesize ATP using coupled tricarboxylic acid cycle/electron transport pathways. Upon emergence, bivalves close their valves, oxygen concentrations in the mantle cavity drop quickly, and anaerobic metabolism commences at the onset of hypoxia (2). Under these hypoxic conditions, glucose and asparta ...
... synthesize ATP using coupled tricarboxylic acid cycle/electron transport pathways. Upon emergence, bivalves close their valves, oxygen concentrations in the mantle cavity drop quickly, and anaerobic metabolism commences at the onset of hypoxia (2). Under these hypoxic conditions, glucose and asparta ...
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
... The IUPAC names of open chain aliphatic aldehydes and ketones are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the ending –e with –al and –one respectively. In case of aldehydes the longest carbon chain is numbered starting from the carbon of the aldehyde group while in case of k ...
... The IUPAC names of open chain aliphatic aldehydes and ketones are derived from the names of the corresponding alkanes by replacing the ending –e with –al and –one respectively. In case of aldehydes the longest carbon chain is numbered starting from the carbon of the aldehyde group while in case of k ...
Ch 9 Cellular respiration
... phosphorylation as long as there is enough NAD+ (get enough because in anaerobic conditions,electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate) pyruvate is electron acceptor for oxidizing NADH back to NAD+ and can then be reused in glycolysis ...
... phosphorylation as long as there is enough NAD+ (get enough because in anaerobic conditions,electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate) pyruvate is electron acceptor for oxidizing NADH back to NAD+ and can then be reused in glycolysis ...
Amino Acids
... protonated. In other words, the imidazole groups can easily abstract a proton or give one up, as is required for catalysis, and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. It is more likely that the pK of these groups is near the pK of free histidine (6.04) so that they are available to form hydrog ...
... protonated. In other words, the imidazole groups can easily abstract a proton or give one up, as is required for catalysis, and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction. It is more likely that the pK of these groups is near the pK of free histidine (6.04) so that they are available to form hydrog ...
Mass spectrometric analysis of tricarboxylic acid cycle
... The TCA cycle must be maintained and coordinated with other metabolic pathways that enter and leave this major turntable of the cell metabolism[3, 5]. The processes replenishing intermediates into the cycle are called anaplerotic reactions (anaplerosis). The opposite process by which an intermediate ...
... The TCA cycle must be maintained and coordinated with other metabolic pathways that enter and leave this major turntable of the cell metabolism[3, 5]. The processes replenishing intermediates into the cycle are called anaplerotic reactions (anaplerosis). The opposite process by which an intermediate ...
Glucose-Fatty Acid Interaction in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose
... reflection of the glucose disposal by the muscles (60-70 %) (DeFronzo et al. 1992) while adipose tissue only accounts for about 10 % of whole-body insulinstimulated glucose uptake (Smith 2002). This fact has led to the extrapolation that whole body insulin resistance not only occurs in muscles, but ...
... reflection of the glucose disposal by the muscles (60-70 %) (DeFronzo et al. 1992) while adipose tissue only accounts for about 10 % of whole-body insulinstimulated glucose uptake (Smith 2002). This fact has led to the extrapolation that whole body insulin resistance not only occurs in muscles, but ...
Thermodynamic and Biophysical Characterization of Cytochrome P450
... structurally characterized P450 bsβ, which hydroxylates longchain fatty acids at the R/β positions. Substrates for P450 bsβ are the same as those for CYP102A2 and CYP102A3, but these flavocytochromes P450 hydroxylate (as does P450 BM3) close to the ω-end of the fatty acids (13, 14). P450bsβ appears ...
... structurally characterized P450 bsβ, which hydroxylates longchain fatty acids at the R/β positions. Substrates for P450 bsβ are the same as those for CYP102A2 and CYP102A3, but these flavocytochromes P450 hydroxylate (as does P450 BM3) close to the ω-end of the fatty acids (13, 14). P450bsβ appears ...
Odormute Breakdown Industrial Digester
... Why is Breakdown Industrial Digester PowderTM a powder? Our bacteria is put into a dormant state by drying them, stopping enzyme activity. This allows the formula to withstand the blending and packaging process and temperature variations during shipping and storage. Digestive activity resumes when t ...
... Why is Breakdown Industrial Digester PowderTM a powder? Our bacteria is put into a dormant state by drying them, stopping enzyme activity. This allows the formula to withstand the blending and packaging process and temperature variations during shipping and storage. Digestive activity resumes when t ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.