The TCA Cycle
... a. In reality, it consists of five enzyme-catalyzed reactions. b. The first is catalyzed by E1, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). TPP takes pyruvate in and reacts it with thiamine. Thiamine attacks the alpha carbon of pyruvate, causing the release of CO 2, and causing the formation of an intermediate th ...
... a. In reality, it consists of five enzyme-catalyzed reactions. b. The first is catalyzed by E1, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). TPP takes pyruvate in and reacts it with thiamine. Thiamine attacks the alpha carbon of pyruvate, causing the release of CO 2, and causing the formation of an intermediate th ...
Slide 1
... oils have almost all cis bonds, but using oil for frying causes some of the cis bonds to convert to trans bonds. If oil is used only once like when you fry an egg, only a few of the bonds do this so it’s not too bad. However, if oil is constantly reused, like in fast food French fry machines, more a ...
... oils have almost all cis bonds, but using oil for frying causes some of the cis bonds to convert to trans bonds. If oil is used only once like when you fry an egg, only a few of the bonds do this so it’s not too bad. However, if oil is constantly reused, like in fast food French fry machines, more a ...
Lipids- Structure and Metabolism
... After emulsification, lipids are hydrolysed by the lipolytic enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, phospholipase and cholesterol esterase, present in the ...
... After emulsification, lipids are hydrolysed by the lipolytic enzymes such as pancreatic lipase, phospholipase and cholesterol esterase, present in the ...
Oxidation of fatty acids in eukaryotes
... The evidence for this mechanism was primarily derived from a study of acetyl-CoA synthetase. Although the postulated intermediate, acetyl-AMP, does not accumulate in solution, and therefore only exists bound to the enzyme, the indirect evidence for this intermediate is very compelling. Other fatty a ...
... The evidence for this mechanism was primarily derived from a study of acetyl-CoA synthetase. Although the postulated intermediate, acetyl-AMP, does not accumulate in solution, and therefore only exists bound to the enzyme, the indirect evidence for this intermediate is very compelling. Other fatty a ...
Metabolism, Glycolysis, & Fermentation
... terms of energy production and products. 3. Describe fermentation and contrast it with respiration. 4. Identify useful end-products of fermentation, and explain how fermentation reactions are used in the identification of bacteria. ...
... terms of energy production and products. 3. Describe fermentation and contrast it with respiration. 4. Identify useful end-products of fermentation, and explain how fermentation reactions are used in the identification of bacteria. ...
![Biochemistry_and_Digestion_2010[1]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008289894_1-a2dae968af20e40d29d6bcd9c3fab727-300x300.png)
Biochemistry_and_Digestion_2010[1]
... Organisms that can not manufacture the organic molecules they require ...
... Organisms that can not manufacture the organic molecules they require ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 4 “Sugars and Fats”
... Phospholipids are related to fats, but also contain phosphate and other functional groups. They function mostly in membranes. The structure of a phospholipid (phosphatidyl choline) can be seen in Fig. 5.12. Phospholipids contain glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphate and usually some other functional ...
... Phospholipids are related to fats, but also contain phosphate and other functional groups. They function mostly in membranes. The structure of a phospholipid (phosphatidyl choline) can be seen in Fig. 5.12. Phospholipids contain glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphate and usually some other functional ...
Cyclooxygenase (depicted above) inhibited by Salicylic Acid
... • Overuse of Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen leads to ulcers. • This is a problem with patients who need to take pain killers over a long period of time. • For this reason a COX-2 specific pain killers were synthesized to avoid stomach problems by both Merck (Vioxx) and Pfizer (Celeb ...
... • Overuse of Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen leads to ulcers. • This is a problem with patients who need to take pain killers over a long period of time. • For this reason a COX-2 specific pain killers were synthesized to avoid stomach problems by both Merck (Vioxx) and Pfizer (Celeb ...
M01
... hypoglycemia, hyperammoniemia) - secondary to many genetic / acquired disorders (episodic hypoketotic hypoglycemia, starting in infancy) Carnitine supplementation : supposed to increase energy production, because it facilitates the FA transport into mitochondria for oxidation, sparing glycogen from ...
... hypoglycemia, hyperammoniemia) - secondary to many genetic / acquired disorders (episodic hypoketotic hypoglycemia, starting in infancy) Carnitine supplementation : supposed to increase energy production, because it facilitates the FA transport into mitochondria for oxidation, sparing glycogen from ...
C454_lect10 - University of Wisconsin
... Ammonium ion is converted to urea in most mammals. Carbon atoms are converted to other major metabolic intermediates. Inborn errors in metabolism ...
... Ammonium ion is converted to urea in most mammals. Carbon atoms are converted to other major metabolic intermediates. Inborn errors in metabolism ...
Practice Exam 1 Answers
... 12. This amino acid residue often prevents the formation of an α helix because its side chain contains a unique ring structure that restricts bond rotations. A. Aspartate B. Serine C. Proline D. Histidine E. Glycine 13. Which one of these characteristics is NOT true for the helix? A) There are 3. ...
... 12. This amino acid residue often prevents the formation of an α helix because its side chain contains a unique ring structure that restricts bond rotations. A. Aspartate B. Serine C. Proline D. Histidine E. Glycine 13. Which one of these characteristics is NOT true for the helix? A) There are 3. ...
Work and Energy in Muscles
... Activity lasting over many minutes and hours cannot be supported by the limited bodily reserves of glucose and glycogen. Fatty acids from food and adipose tissue, therefore, supply most of the substrate used by muscle tissue working over time. Branched-chain amino acids can also serve as substrates ...
... Activity lasting over many minutes and hours cannot be supported by the limited bodily reserves of glucose and glycogen. Fatty acids from food and adipose tissue, therefore, supply most of the substrate used by muscle tissue working over time. Branched-chain amino acids can also serve as substrates ...
PACK 3 - Speyside High School
... If Cytochrome oxidase is blocked then the Cytochrome chain becomes blocked with hydrogen. The Hydrogen acceptor NAD in turn cannot offload its hydrogen and so hydrogen cannot be unloaded from the Krebs’ Cycle reactions. The Cycle halts - no energy produced. ...
... If Cytochrome oxidase is blocked then the Cytochrome chain becomes blocked with hydrogen. The Hydrogen acceptor NAD in turn cannot offload its hydrogen and so hydrogen cannot be unloaded from the Krebs’ Cycle reactions. The Cycle halts - no energy produced. ...
Hydrolysis method Samples are dried in pyrolyzed borosilicate
... Hidroxyl group in threonine and serine promote the breakdown of the residue: losses are 5-10% and 10-15%, respectively, after 24 hours. ...
... Hidroxyl group in threonine and serine promote the breakdown of the residue: losses are 5-10% and 10-15%, respectively, after 24 hours. ...
2.-lactic-acid-metabolism
... • Explain how muscle fatigue develops • Explain what is meant by the term ‘oxygen debt’ and how it can be ‘repaid’ ...
... • Explain how muscle fatigue develops • Explain what is meant by the term ‘oxygen debt’ and how it can be ‘repaid’ ...
lecture notes-metabolism pathways-complete notes
... - organic acids: acetyl-CoA into TCA cycle, lipids - amino acids: proteins, other amino acids or enter TCA cycle - ammonium: amino acid, protein, nucleic acids Nucleic acids → ribose/deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and purine/pyrimidine - sugar: glycolysis and TCA - Phosphoric acid: ATP, lipids, nuclei ...
... - organic acids: acetyl-CoA into TCA cycle, lipids - amino acids: proteins, other amino acids or enter TCA cycle - ammonium: amino acid, protein, nucleic acids Nucleic acids → ribose/deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and purine/pyrimidine - sugar: glycolysis and TCA - Phosphoric acid: ATP, lipids, nuclei ...
medicinal-chemistry-lect-3-n-17-acid-base
... The main reason most acidic drugs absorbed from the intestinal tract rather than the stomach is that microvilli of intestinal mucosa provide a large surface area relative to that found in the gastric mucosa of the stomach ...
... The main reason most acidic drugs absorbed from the intestinal tract rather than the stomach is that microvilli of intestinal mucosa provide a large surface area relative to that found in the gastric mucosa of the stomach ...
Co-metabolism of amino acids and polyfructans by
... Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; 2Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; 3National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; 4Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biolog ...
... Food Processing, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; 2Competence Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; 3National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia; 4Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biolog ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation
... many different tissues (like muscle) when lactate is formed from glucose during oxygen debt. Glucose → 2 Lactates Provides: 2 ATP from glycolysis The second half of the cycle converts lactate back into glucose. This takes place in the liver when plenty of oxygen (and energy) is available. 2 Lactates ...
... many different tissues (like muscle) when lactate is formed from glucose during oxygen debt. Glucose → 2 Lactates Provides: 2 ATP from glycolysis The second half of the cycle converts lactate back into glucose. This takes place in the liver when plenty of oxygen (and energy) is available. 2 Lactates ...
BB 451/551 Exam 1 - Oregon State University
... Answers that should be circled are in BLUE BOLD 1. With respect to the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, A. Decarboxylation occurs prior to oxidation B. NADH is produced by transfer of electrons form FADH2 to NAD+ C. Sulfurs assist by carrying electrons D. A thioester bond is ...
... Answers that should be circled are in BLUE BOLD 1. With respect to the reaction catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, A. Decarboxylation occurs prior to oxidation B. NADH is produced by transfer of electrons form FADH2 to NAD+ C. Sulfurs assist by carrying electrons D. A thioester bond is ...
Chapter 5
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease ...
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease ...
Respiration.review.guide.2012.2013w.answers
... 20. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce __CO2______ and ____H2O_____ along with ATP. 21.Write the equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------------ 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --------- C6H12O6 + 6O2 22. Electron carriers called __NADH____ ...
... 20. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce __CO2______ and ____H2O_____ along with ATP. 21.Write the equation for cellular respiration and photosynthesis. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------------ 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light --------- C6H12O6 + 6O2 22. Electron carriers called __NADH____ ...
Biochemistry WebQuest
... _____________ is the sugar found in milk. Glucose can have a straight line of carbon atoms or form a _________ structure. 7. The 5 carbon sugars called pentose are used in nucleic acid synthesis are ___________________ and __________________. 8. Give 3 examples of disaccharides. a. b. c. 9. Polysacc ...
... _____________ is the sugar found in milk. Glucose can have a straight line of carbon atoms or form a _________ structure. 7. The 5 carbon sugars called pentose are used in nucleic acid synthesis are ___________________ and __________________. 8. Give 3 examples of disaccharides. a. b. c. 9. Polysacc ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.