metabole
... evidence that the Shewanella bacterium uses proteins within the bacterial cell into its outer membrane to contact metal directly. The proteins then bond with metal oxides, which the bacteria utilize the same way we use oxygen - to breathe. "We use the oxygen we breathe to release energy from our foo ...
... evidence that the Shewanella bacterium uses proteins within the bacterial cell into its outer membrane to contact metal directly. The proteins then bond with metal oxides, which the bacteria utilize the same way we use oxygen - to breathe. "We use the oxygen we breathe to release energy from our foo ...
introacidbase
... Study of chemistry in biological organisms Understand how the chemical structure of a molecule is determining its function ...
... Study of chemistry in biological organisms Understand how the chemical structure of a molecule is determining its function ...
Packet 2 - w/answers
... A. large amount of stored information B. ability to catalyze biochemical reactions C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy D. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic 4. Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement best describes the role of an enzyme du ...
... A. large amount of stored information B. ability to catalyze biochemical reactions C. efficient storage of usable chemical energy D. tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic 4. Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement best describes the role of an enzyme du ...
Syllabus 2012/2013 for Faculty of Medicine (English Division)
... 15. The pentose phosphate pathway. The directions of the pentose phosphate pathway reactions due to the cellular needs. 16. Hemolysis caused by reactive oxygen species in the conditions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 17. Gluconeogenesis. The maintenance of blood glucose levels by h ...
... 15. The pentose phosphate pathway. The directions of the pentose phosphate pathway reactions due to the cellular needs. 16. Hemolysis caused by reactive oxygen species in the conditions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. 17. Gluconeogenesis. The maintenance of blood glucose levels by h ...
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
Chem 322 - Exam #4 - Spring 2003 - Answers
... stereoisomeric forms of this compound in the laboratory. The isomers are diastereomers. (d) This compound is achiral. At room temperature tetrahedral nitrogen rapidly inverts its configuration – the unshared pair of electrons passes through the nitrogen and comes out the other side, then repeats the ...
... stereoisomeric forms of this compound in the laboratory. The isomers are diastereomers. (d) This compound is achiral. At room temperature tetrahedral nitrogen rapidly inverts its configuration – the unshared pair of electrons passes through the nitrogen and comes out the other side, then repeats the ...
fermentations
... Fermentations are nowadays defined as a processes that do not involve electron transport chains that use oxygen, nitrate or other electron acceptors ...
... Fermentations are nowadays defined as a processes that do not involve electron transport chains that use oxygen, nitrate or other electron acceptors ...
DNA Synthesis (Replication)
... to bridge the genetic code (AUCG) in mRNA with the twenty amino-acids code in proteins. Details of tRNA: The role of tRNA is to specify which sequence from the genetic code corresponds to which amino acid One end of the tRNA complements the genetic code in a threenucleotide sequence called the a ...
... to bridge the genetic code (AUCG) in mRNA with the twenty amino-acids code in proteins. Details of tRNA: The role of tRNA is to specify which sequence from the genetic code corresponds to which amino acid One end of the tRNA complements the genetic code in a threenucleotide sequence called the a ...
glycogen
... glucose is changed into glycogen by the process of glycogenesis (anabolism). Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles until needed at some later time when glucose levels are low. If blood glucose levels are low, then epinephrine and glucogon hormones are secreted to stimulate the conversion o ...
... glucose is changed into glycogen by the process of glycogenesis (anabolism). Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles until needed at some later time when glucose levels are low. If blood glucose levels are low, then epinephrine and glucogon hormones are secreted to stimulate the conversion o ...
Macromolecules: Proteins
... Color code the amino acid on this worksheet (carbon-black, hydrogen-yellow, nitrogen-blue, and oxygen-red). Basic Structure of Amino acid H ...
... Color code the amino acid on this worksheet (carbon-black, hydrogen-yellow, nitrogen-blue, and oxygen-red). Basic Structure of Amino acid H ...
Krebs cycle
... Availability of oxaloacetate (OAA) is one of the main limiting steps of TCA. The [OAA] is 1/10 of the other intermediates of TCA. Remember pyruvate carboxylase is anaplerotic. Why AcetylCoA activates pyruvate carboxylase? Do you remember from glycolysis that the active metabolite (glyceraldehyde) is ...
... Availability of oxaloacetate (OAA) is one of the main limiting steps of TCA. The [OAA] is 1/10 of the other intermediates of TCA. Remember pyruvate carboxylase is anaplerotic. Why AcetylCoA activates pyruvate carboxylase? Do you remember from glycolysis that the active metabolite (glyceraldehyde) is ...
Acetylation
... Typical products of the reactions catalyzed by flavin monooxygenases are sulfoxides and nitroxides. ...
... Typical products of the reactions catalyzed by flavin monooxygenases are sulfoxides and nitroxides. ...
Ch03Test_File+heikka
... d. Some function as enzymes. e. a, b, and c Answer: d 4. Molecules with molecular weights greater than 1,000 daltons are usually called a. proteins. b. polymers. c. nucleic acids. d. macromolecules. e. monomers. Answer: d 5. Polymerization reactions in which proteins are synthesized from amino acids ...
... d. Some function as enzymes. e. a, b, and c Answer: d 4. Molecules with molecular weights greater than 1,000 daltons are usually called a. proteins. b. polymers. c. nucleic acids. d. macromolecules. e. monomers. Answer: d 5. Polymerization reactions in which proteins are synthesized from amino acids ...
Enzymatic Production of D-Amino Acids
... The scenario is rapidly changing with the development of stereospecific biocatalytic methods. During the past three decades, applications of biotechnological methods that rely on the help of free cells/enzymes as catalysts and enzymatic production of D-amino acids have replaced chemical methods. Due ...
... The scenario is rapidly changing with the development of stereospecific biocatalytic methods. During the past three decades, applications of biotechnological methods that rely on the help of free cells/enzymes as catalysts and enzymatic production of D-amino acids have replaced chemical methods. Due ...
Unit 2 - Calderglen High School
... 6. Fats have higher melting points than oils because comparing fats and oils A fats have more hydrogen bonds B fat molecules are more saturated C fat molecules are more loosely packed D fats have more cross-links between molecules 7. Which of the following reactions takes place during the „hardenin ...
... 6. Fats have higher melting points than oils because comparing fats and oils A fats have more hydrogen bonds B fat molecules are more saturated C fat molecules are more loosely packed D fats have more cross-links between molecules 7. Which of the following reactions takes place during the „hardenin ...
Mitochondrion Pyruvate Oxidation & Kreb`s Cycle
... Energy factories of the cell; produce the majority of the cell's ATP These ATP producing reactions cannot take place without oxygen, therefore the steps of cellular respiration that occur in the mitochondria are said to be aerobic. Pyruvate Oxidation (Link reaction), Krebs Cycle and the Electron ...
... Energy factories of the cell; produce the majority of the cell's ATP These ATP producing reactions cannot take place without oxygen, therefore the steps of cellular respiration that occur in the mitochondria are said to be aerobic. Pyruvate Oxidation (Link reaction), Krebs Cycle and the Electron ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... - further degradation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, and - finally complete oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A to water and carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. • Glycolysis (Greek: glyco,sugar; lysis, splitting) is the sequence of chemical reactions by which glucose, a six-carbon sugar is cleave ...
... - further degradation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, and - finally complete oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A to water and carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. • Glycolysis (Greek: glyco,sugar; lysis, splitting) is the sequence of chemical reactions by which glucose, a six-carbon sugar is cleave ...
Chapter 5 - Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry
... Double bonds produce a bend in the fatty acid molecule (see diagram above). Molecules with many of these bends cannot be packed as closely together as straight molecules, so these fats are less dense. As a result, triglycerides composed of unsaturated fatty acids melt at lower temperatures than thos ...
... Double bonds produce a bend in the fatty acid molecule (see diagram above). Molecules with many of these bends cannot be packed as closely together as straight molecules, so these fats are less dense. As a result, triglycerides composed of unsaturated fatty acids melt at lower temperatures than thos ...
KEY - chem.uwec.edu
... object on the sea floor (talk about a dull life!). This means that sometimes there will be inadequate oxygen for aerobic life and they will have to survive as facultative anaerobes. When oysters are deprived of oxygen, they accumulate and secrete succinate. Even though the TCA cannot operate as a cy ...
... object on the sea floor (talk about a dull life!). This means that sometimes there will be inadequate oxygen for aerobic life and they will have to survive as facultative anaerobes. When oysters are deprived of oxygen, they accumulate and secrete succinate. Even though the TCA cannot operate as a cy ...
Metabolism (degradation) of triacylglycerols and fatty acids
... α-oxidation of fatty acids • A minor degradation pathway for free (non activated) FAs – COOH is removed as CO2 (decarboxylation) – Not favourable as an energy source ...
... α-oxidation of fatty acids • A minor degradation pathway for free (non activated) FAs – COOH is removed as CO2 (decarboxylation) – Not favourable as an energy source ...
The citric acid cycle is the
... • For each turn of the reversed cycle, two carbons are fixed in the formation of isocitrate and two more are fixed in the reductive transformation of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate. Thus, for every succinate that enters the reversed cycle, two succinates are returned, making the cycle highly autocatalyt ...
... • For each turn of the reversed cycle, two carbons are fixed in the formation of isocitrate and two more are fixed in the reductive transformation of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate. Thus, for every succinate that enters the reversed cycle, two succinates are returned, making the cycle highly autocatalyt ...
Amino Acids
... • R-group does not bind or give off protons or participate in hydrogen or ionic bonds • R-groups can be thought of as “oily” or “lipid like” a property that promotes hydrophobic interactions. ...
... • R-group does not bind or give off protons or participate in hydrogen or ionic bonds • R-groups can be thought of as “oily” or “lipid like” a property that promotes hydrophobic interactions. ...
Biosynthesis of amino acids
... 5. Hydrolytic cleavage of the guanidino group of arginine, catalyzed by liver arginase, releases urea. The other product, ornithine, reenters liver mitochondria for additional rounds of ...
... 5. Hydrolytic cleavage of the guanidino group of arginine, catalyzed by liver arginase, releases urea. The other product, ornithine, reenters liver mitochondria for additional rounds of ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.