Chapter 8 Exam Review
... 23. The complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in 36-38 molecules of ATP. True or false? 24. The first step of the Citric Acid cycle involves binding the Acetyl-CoA to a 4-carbon carrier molecule. True or false? 25. The preparatory reaction breaks pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and water. True o ...
... 23. The complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in 36-38 molecules of ATP. True or false? 24. The first step of the Citric Acid cycle involves binding the Acetyl-CoA to a 4-carbon carrier molecule. True or false? 25. The preparatory reaction breaks pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and water. True o ...
Review Packet CORRECT
... 6. What is a redox reaction? Adding and removing electrons a. What is oxidation? Removing electrons b. What is reduction? Adding electrons ...
... 6. What is a redox reaction? Adding and removing electrons a. What is oxidation? Removing electrons b. What is reduction? Adding electrons ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... • The catabolism of the amino acids found in proteins involves the removal of α-amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons. • These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products: oxaloacetate, αketoglutarate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinyl coenzyme A (CoA), acety ...
... • The catabolism of the amino acids found in proteins involves the removal of α-amino groups, followed by the breakdown of the resulting carbon skeletons. • These pathways converge to form seven intermediate products: oxaloacetate, αketoglutarate, pyruvate, fumarate, succinyl coenzyme A (CoA), acety ...
Glucose Polyester Biosynthesis. Purification and
... In contrast to the well-known thioester-dependent (acylcarrier protein and CoA) mechanisms of fatty acid activation, in acyl-Glc biosynthesis fatty acids are activated by UDP-Glc:fatty acid glucosyltransferase to form a highenergy 1-O-acyl-b-Glc intermediate. This acyl alkyl acetal serves as the acy ...
... In contrast to the well-known thioester-dependent (acylcarrier protein and CoA) mechanisms of fatty acid activation, in acyl-Glc biosynthesis fatty acids are activated by UDP-Glc:fatty acid glucosyltransferase to form a highenergy 1-O-acyl-b-Glc intermediate. This acyl alkyl acetal serves as the acy ...
The Metabolic Significance of the Citric Acid Cycle in
... (a) Isolation of gkutamic and aspartic acids. Each sample of extracted cells was hydrolysed in a sealed vessel at 105' for 18 hr. with a mixture of equal parts of lON-HC1 and glacial acetic acid. After evaporation to dryness, the residue was dissolved in water and a portion retained for chromatograp ...
... (a) Isolation of gkutamic and aspartic acids. Each sample of extracted cells was hydrolysed in a sealed vessel at 105' for 18 hr. with a mixture of equal parts of lON-HC1 and glacial acetic acid. After evaporation to dryness, the residue was dissolved in water and a portion retained for chromatograp ...
energy & cellular respiration
... Stages of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle aka Krebs • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis – The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are often referred to as Aerobic respiration and both occur in the mitochondria ...
... Stages of Cellular Respiration • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle aka Krebs • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis – The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are often referred to as Aerobic respiration and both occur in the mitochondria ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
... Groups travel from one active site to another, connected by tethers to the core of the structure ...
... Groups travel from one active site to another, connected by tethers to the core of the structure ...
ch 9 Cellular_Respiration
... mitochondrial membrane • Electrons stored in NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the CAC are transported to the ETC • Oxygen is the final ...
... mitochondrial membrane • Electrons stored in NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the CAC are transported to the ETC • Oxygen is the final ...
No Slide Title
... • The positive heterotropic activator, N-acetylglutamate, is required for activity. • Brings one C atom and one N atom into the urea cycle as a carbamoyl group. • Catalyzes the critical step in removing NH4+ from the blood. ...
... • The positive heterotropic activator, N-acetylglutamate, is required for activity. • Brings one C atom and one N atom into the urea cycle as a carbamoyl group. • Catalyzes the critical step in removing NH4+ from the blood. ...
of Glycolysis
... Significance of Glycolysis • Only pathway –in all the cells of the body. • Only source of energy for erythrocytes. • Anaerobic glycolysis‐‐‐major source of energy for muscles. • Provides carbon skeleton for synthesis of non‐ essential amino acids as well as glycerol for ...
... Significance of Glycolysis • Only pathway –in all the cells of the body. • Only source of energy for erythrocytes. • Anaerobic glycolysis‐‐‐major source of energy for muscles. • Provides carbon skeleton for synthesis of non‐ essential amino acids as well as glycerol for ...
Chapter 16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes Functions of
... A. The active site is (1) the enzyme (2) a section of the enzyme (3) the substrate B. In the induced-fit model, the shape of the enzyme when substrate binds (1) stays the same (2) adapts to the shape of the substrate ...
... A. The active site is (1) the enzyme (2) a section of the enzyme (3) the substrate B. In the induced-fit model, the shape of the enzyme when substrate binds (1) stays the same (2) adapts to the shape of the substrate ...
RESPIRATION: SYNTHESIS OF ATP
... plants make lactic or malic acid and tolerate these better. ! Most animals make lactic acid, but the acid hurts; goldfish make EtOH and excrete it. ...
... plants make lactic or malic acid and tolerate these better. ! Most animals make lactic acid, but the acid hurts; goldfish make EtOH and excrete it. ...
Nucleotides: Be able to differentiate between a purine ring and a
... Enzymes and cofactors are catalysts and do not get used up. They are regenerated. A cosubstrate can leave the enzyme to be regenerated. A prosthetic group is regenerated while on the enzyme. High energy molecules: We will discuss this later, but for now, we will just call ATP a “high energy molecule ...
... Enzymes and cofactors are catalysts and do not get used up. They are regenerated. A cosubstrate can leave the enzyme to be regenerated. A prosthetic group is regenerated while on the enzyme. High energy molecules: We will discuss this later, but for now, we will just call ATP a “high energy molecule ...
Qualitative tests of amino acids
... Principle: Conc. HNO3 reacts with the aromatic rings that are derivatives of benzene giving the characteristic nitration reaction. Amino acids tyr. and typ. contain activated benzene rings which are easily nitrated to yellow colored compounds. The aromatic ring of phenyl alanine dose not react with ...
... Principle: Conc. HNO3 reacts with the aromatic rings that are derivatives of benzene giving the characteristic nitration reaction. Amino acids tyr. and typ. contain activated benzene rings which are easily nitrated to yellow colored compounds. The aromatic ring of phenyl alanine dose not react with ...
Amino Acids - Portal UniMAP
... Most asymmetric molecules found in living organisms only occur in only 1 stereoisomeric form, either D or L. Chirality has had a profound effect on the structural and functional properties of biomolecules For eg: the right-handed helices result from the presence of L-amino acids. In addition, becaus ...
... Most asymmetric molecules found in living organisms only occur in only 1 stereoisomeric form, either D or L. Chirality has had a profound effect on the structural and functional properties of biomolecules For eg: the right-handed helices result from the presence of L-amino acids. In addition, becaus ...
Cellular Energetics
... • As NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, H+ inside the mitochondrial matrix is transported to the intermembrane space. This creates a proton-motive force and H+ moves back across the membrane thru ATP synthase and ATP is produced ...
... • As NADH and FADH2 are oxidized, H+ inside the mitochondrial matrix is transported to the intermembrane space. This creates a proton-motive force and H+ moves back across the membrane thru ATP synthase and ATP is produced ...
CHAPTER 16 - CITRIC ACID CYCLE Introduction:
... - Historically, the citric acid puzzle was solved in the ‘30's, although the final picture didn’t come together until the early ‘50's when acetyl CoA was shown to be the catabolic intermediate that brings pyruvate into the cycle. - As glucose is broken down into smaller products, it becomes increasi ...
... - Historically, the citric acid puzzle was solved in the ‘30's, although the final picture didn’t come together until the early ‘50's when acetyl CoA was shown to be the catabolic intermediate that brings pyruvate into the cycle. - As glucose is broken down into smaller products, it becomes increasi ...
Isomerisms
... The two carboxylic groups in cis—isomers are on the side so that it is easier to under dehydration to give acid anhydride. However, higher temperature is required to cause the bond between the carbon atoms for the trans—isomers to give the cis—isomers which can subsequently undergo dehydration. Th ...
... The two carboxylic groups in cis—isomers are on the side so that it is easier to under dehydration to give acid anhydride. However, higher temperature is required to cause the bond between the carbon atoms for the trans—isomers to give the cis—isomers which can subsequently undergo dehydration. Th ...
Bio-Organic Chemistry will Page | 1
... Note the "s" shaped lines that go through the peaks on the spectrum. This is an integration line that is measured to obtain the height for each peak. These heights are then compared with each other. Note that the ratio of 60:45:14 is approximately 4:3:1. Note that there are three different kinds of ...
... Note the "s" shaped lines that go through the peaks on the spectrum. This is an integration line that is measured to obtain the height for each peak. These heights are then compared with each other. Note that the ratio of 60:45:14 is approximately 4:3:1. Note that there are three different kinds of ...
CHAPTER 6
... When the ADP/ATP or NAD+/NADH ratio is high, the TCA cycle is turned on Succinyl-CoA is an intracycle regulator, inhibiting citrate synthase and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Acetyl-CoA acts as a signal to the TCA cycle that glycolysis and fatty acid breakdown is producing two-carbon unit 1. Activ ...
... When the ADP/ATP or NAD+/NADH ratio is high, the TCA cycle is turned on Succinyl-CoA is an intracycle regulator, inhibiting citrate synthase and ketoglutarate dehydrogenase Acetyl-CoA acts as a signal to the TCA cycle that glycolysis and fatty acid breakdown is producing two-carbon unit 1. Activ ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... Comparing inputs/outputs per pyruvate and per glucose molecule Inputs ...
... Comparing inputs/outputs per pyruvate and per glucose molecule Inputs ...
Solomon chapter 8 practice AP bio test sept 2015
... The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. ATP synthesis associated with th ...
... The proton gradient established during electron transport is a form of potential energy. The electron transport chain can be found in the mitochondria of aerobic bacteria and other cells. The movement of protons down a concentration gradient is an endergonic process. ATP synthesis associated with th ...
Nine essential amino acids
... oxygen around the body, accounts for 16%. Protein also has an essential function in every cell including in membranes, transporters, enzymes, components of the immune system, and is also a precursor to hormones. These components and tissues in the body are being broken down and re-built every day, r ...
... oxygen around the body, accounts for 16%. Protein also has an essential function in every cell including in membranes, transporters, enzymes, components of the immune system, and is also a precursor to hormones. These components and tissues in the body are being broken down and re-built every day, r ...
Review Ribosome-independent Peptide Synthesis in Nature and
... N-terminal primary destabilizing residues are subjected to ligatation with ubiquitins followed by degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome complexes. In eubacteria, specific amino acids such as Phe are added to the N-terminal residue of proteins that are degraded via the pathway governed by N-end ...
... N-terminal primary destabilizing residues are subjected to ligatation with ubiquitins followed by degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome complexes. In eubacteria, specific amino acids such as Phe are added to the N-terminal residue of proteins that are degraded via the pathway governed by N-end ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.