Recycling of vitamin B12 and NAD+ within the Pdu
... necessary to regenerate or/and replenish AdoCbl and NAD+ within the Pdu MCPs. Recent crystallography studies suggested that some Pdu MCP shell proteins, such as PduA, T and U, have pores that may mediate the transport of enzyme substrates/cofactors across the MCP shell. However, it’s possible that t ...
... necessary to regenerate or/and replenish AdoCbl and NAD+ within the Pdu MCPs. Recent crystallography studies suggested that some Pdu MCP shell proteins, such as PduA, T and U, have pores that may mediate the transport of enzyme substrates/cofactors across the MCP shell. However, it’s possible that t ...
Thiamin (Vitamin B1): Beriberi
... Whole, fortified, or enriched grains In the American diet, majority comes from foods enriched with the vitamin. ...
... Whole, fortified, or enriched grains In the American diet, majority comes from foods enriched with the vitamin. ...
Gene Section GAST (gastrin) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... CCK2 receptor-expressing cells. Direct regulation involves cell automous activation of CRE and AP-1 transcription factors via a PKC, Ras, Raf, RhoA, and the NFkappaB signaling pathways in CCK2 receptorexpressing cells by gastrin. The CRE and AP-1 transcription factors, in turn, regulate expression o ...
... CCK2 receptor-expressing cells. Direct regulation involves cell automous activation of CRE and AP-1 transcription factors via a PKC, Ras, Raf, RhoA, and the NFkappaB signaling pathways in CCK2 receptorexpressing cells by gastrin. The CRE and AP-1 transcription factors, in turn, regulate expression o ...
Cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complex - AJP
... pathways involved in energy metabolism. The high sensitivity of modern methods of detecting protein phosphorylation and the low specificity of many kinases suggests that detection of protein phosphorylation sites without information on the mole fraction of phosphorylation is difficult to interpret, ...
... pathways involved in energy metabolism. The high sensitivity of modern methods of detecting protein phosphorylation and the low specificity of many kinases suggests that detection of protein phosphorylation sites without information on the mole fraction of phosphorylation is difficult to interpret, ...
Novel targets for tuberculosis drug discovery
... Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases for humans [1]. Approximately eight million people develop active disease each year and between two and three million cases of active disease result in death [2,3]. This review (and Table 1) surveys several newly identif ...
... Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases for humans [1]. Approximately eight million people develop active disease each year and between two and three million cases of active disease result in death [2,3]. This review (and Table 1) surveys several newly identif ...
Lactococcus lactis as expression host for the biosynthetic
... Trp biosynthesis was also inhibited by glyphosate (Figure 3B). A glyphosate concentration of 10 mM had no effect on the growth, but 30 mM inhibited the growth of L. lactis strain PA1001 in CDM. In this case, the growth was partially restored after the addition of Trp. Glyphosate inhibits the functio ...
... Trp biosynthesis was also inhibited by glyphosate (Figure 3B). A glyphosate concentration of 10 mM had no effect on the growth, but 30 mM inhibited the growth of L. lactis strain PA1001 in CDM. In this case, the growth was partially restored after the addition of Trp. Glyphosate inhibits the functio ...
Cyclic-‐di-‐AMP: another second messenger enters the fray
... Actinobacteria. In addition, the DAC domain is also found in Gram-‐negative bacteria, including the genera Bacteroidetes, Deltaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria Chlamydiae and Fusobacteria (Table S1). Interestingly, m ...
... Actinobacteria. In addition, the DAC domain is also found in Gram-‐negative bacteria, including the genera Bacteroidetes, Deltaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria Chlamydiae and Fusobacteria (Table S1). Interestingly, m ...
Engineering of polyketide biosynthetic pathways for bioactive
... extraction from plants (months to years). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme involved in the first biosynthetic step of some plant phenylpropanoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of curcuminoids, a novel and efficient visible reporter assay was established for screening of phenyla ...
... extraction from plants (months to years). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is a key enzyme involved in the first biosynthetic step of some plant phenylpropanoids. Based on the biosynthetic pathway of curcuminoids, a novel and efficient visible reporter assay was established for screening of phenyla ...
Emerging role of Nrf2 - Discovery
... survival under conditions of stress by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes as well as proteins that assist in the repair or removal of damaged macromolecules. Nrf2 has a crucial role in the ...
... survival under conditions of stress by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes as well as proteins that assist in the repair or removal of damaged macromolecules. Nrf2 has a crucial role in the ...
Anaerobic Glucose and Serine Metabolism in Staphy
... Organism. Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated in our laboratory from a contaminated culture of Peptococcrrs pre'votii. We are grateful to Dr I. Leighton (Hull Royal Infirmary) for its identification by the biochemical tests of Schleifer & Kocur (1973) and Schleifer & Kloos (1975). Growth of orga ...
... Organism. Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated in our laboratory from a contaminated culture of Peptococcrrs pre'votii. We are grateful to Dr I. Leighton (Hull Royal Infirmary) for its identification by the biochemical tests of Schleifer & Kocur (1973) and Schleifer & Kloos (1975). Growth of orga ...
20 Insulin Secretion and Action
... regulates KATP channel by binding to Kir6.2, and oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic medications bind to SUR1 and close the KATP channel, thus stimulating insulin secretion. Not surprisingly, mutations in the KATP channel cause either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Mutations in SUR1 and Kir6.2 that rende ...
... regulates KATP channel by binding to Kir6.2, and oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic medications bind to SUR1 and close the KATP channel, thus stimulating insulin secretion. Not surprisingly, mutations in the KATP channel cause either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Mutations in SUR1 and Kir6.2 that rende ...
Desert hedgehog is a mammal-specific gene expressed during testicular and ovarian
... Hedgehog actions are mediated at the cell surface by a multi-component receptor complex comprising the patched (PTCH) receptors and smoothened (SMO) protein [17]. Both proteins have orthologues in Drosophila that are also involved in hedgehog signal transduction and pattern formation. Initially, all ...
... Hedgehog actions are mediated at the cell surface by a multi-component receptor complex comprising the patched (PTCH) receptors and smoothened (SMO) protein [17]. Both proteins have orthologues in Drosophila that are also involved in hedgehog signal transduction and pattern formation. Initially, all ...
Desert hedgehogis a mammal-specific gene expressed during
... Hedgehog actions are mediated at the cell surface by a multi-component receptor complex comprising the patched (PTCH) receptors and smoothened (SMO) protein [17]. Both proteins have orthologues in Drosophila that are also involved in hedgehog signal transduction and pattern formation. Initially, all ...
... Hedgehog actions are mediated at the cell surface by a multi-component receptor complex comprising the patched (PTCH) receptors and smoothened (SMO) protein [17]. Both proteins have orthologues in Drosophila that are also involved in hedgehog signal transduction and pattern formation. Initially, all ...
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
... expression and activity is regulated by phosphorylation in response to altered lipid environments. In the third chapter, which has been published, we tested the effects of a compound in green tea extract known as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on growth of T. brucei, and on TbACC activity and phos ...
... expression and activity is regulated by phosphorylation in response to altered lipid environments. In the third chapter, which has been published, we tested the effects of a compound in green tea extract known as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on growth of T. brucei, and on TbACC activity and phos ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... a meal, bile acid flux and plasma bile acid concentrations are highest postprandially [2]. Bile acids consist of a 24-carbon steroid core and a side chain carrying a carboxyl group. The nature of the bile acid species is determined by the number and position of hydroxyl groups on the steroid core, f ...
... a meal, bile acid flux and plasma bile acid concentrations are highest postprandially [2]. Bile acids consist of a 24-carbon steroid core and a side chain carrying a carboxyl group. The nature of the bile acid species is determined by the number and position of hydroxyl groups on the steroid core, f ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... Nucleotide Catabolism Begins with Nucleases to Release Nucleoside Monophosphates Nucleotidases Remove the Phosphate to Make Nucleosides Phosphorylates or Nucleosidases Release Bases and Sugars Adenine-Containing and Guanine Nucleotide Breakdown Processes are Similar, but Deaminases Co Inosine is Con ...
... Nucleotide Catabolism Begins with Nucleases to Release Nucleoside Monophosphates Nucleotidases Remove the Phosphate to Make Nucleosides Phosphorylates or Nucleosidases Release Bases and Sugars Adenine-Containing and Guanine Nucleotide Breakdown Processes are Similar, but Deaminases Co Inosine is Con ...
ETO-Thesis-Final 061214. - JScholarship
... kinase 2, creatine kinase muscle, and both pyruvate kinases were expressed in primary human hepatocytes. An ion pairing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay was utilized to directly detect tenofovir phosphorylation. This assay was used to in combination with siRNA mediated knockdowns to sho ...
... kinase 2, creatine kinase muscle, and both pyruvate kinases were expressed in primary human hepatocytes. An ion pairing liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay was utilized to directly detect tenofovir phosphorylation. This assay was used to in combination with siRNA mediated knockdowns to sho ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are coordinated so that, within a cell, one pathway is relatively inactive while the other is highly active. If both sets of reactions were highly active at the same time, the net result would be the hydrolysis of four nucleoside triphosphates (two ATP molecules plus t ...
... Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are coordinated so that, within a cell, one pathway is relatively inactive while the other is highly active. If both sets of reactions were highly active at the same time, the net result would be the hydrolysis of four nucleoside triphosphates (two ATP molecules plus t ...
Nucleotide Metabolism - Oregon State University
... Nucleotide Catabolism Begins with Nucleases to Release Nucleoside Monophosphates Nucleotidases Remove the Phosphate to Make Nucleosides Phosphorylates or Nucleosidases Release Bases and Sugars Adenine-Containing and Guanine Nucleotide Breakdown Processes are Similar, but Deaminases Convert AMP to IM ...
... Nucleotide Catabolism Begins with Nucleases to Release Nucleoside Monophosphates Nucleotidases Remove the Phosphate to Make Nucleosides Phosphorylates or Nucleosidases Release Bases and Sugars Adenine-Containing and Guanine Nucleotide Breakdown Processes are Similar, but Deaminases Convert AMP to IM ...
Cholesterol Synthesis
... Farnesyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate on the pathway for cholesterol synthesis, also serves also as precursor for synthesis of various non-steroidal isoprenoids. The importance of the other products of the pathway that originates with mevalonate is reflected in serious diseases that result from ge ...
... Farnesyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate on the pathway for cholesterol synthesis, also serves also as precursor for synthesis of various non-steroidal isoprenoids. The importance of the other products of the pathway that originates with mevalonate is reflected in serious diseases that result from ge ...
phosphorylation. synthesis via the mechanism of substrate level
... source. During growth, pyruvate is converted to CH4 and CO2, and about 1.5 mol of ATP per mol of CH4 is formed (A.-K. Bock, A. Prieger-Kraft, and P. Schönheit, Arch. Microbiol. 161:33–46, 1994). The pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri could also grow on pyruvate when methanogenesis was completel ...
... source. During growth, pyruvate is converted to CH4 and CO2, and about 1.5 mol of ATP per mol of CH4 is formed (A.-K. Bock, A. Prieger-Kraft, and P. Schönheit, Arch. Microbiol. 161:33–46, 1994). The pyruvateutilizing mutant of M. barkeri could also grow on pyruvate when methanogenesis was completel ...
