IL-4 is a T cell product originally described as B cell growth factor by
... cells, including the promotion of Ig class switching to IgE and IgGl isotypes in activated B cells (2-7). In addition to regulating B lymphocyte growth and differentiation, IL-4 modulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of T lymphocytes, as well as a wide range of hematopoietic cell ...
... cells, including the promotion of Ig class switching to IgE and IgGl isotypes in activated B cells (2-7). In addition to regulating B lymphocyte growth and differentiation, IL-4 modulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of T lymphocytes, as well as a wide range of hematopoietic cell ...
Schizophrenia II - Psychiatry Training
... – mGluR2 and 3 are primarily distributed in forebrain regions. – Stimulation of these mediates presynaptic depression and decreases evoked release of glutamate. – PCP and other NMDA antagonists increase glutamate efflux; this may increase DA activity (amongst others) – Reduction of presynaptic gluta ...
... – mGluR2 and 3 are primarily distributed in forebrain regions. – Stimulation of these mediates presynaptic depression and decreases evoked release of glutamate. – PCP and other NMDA antagonists increase glutamate efflux; this may increase DA activity (amongst others) – Reduction of presynaptic gluta ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.
... which indicate good resolution structure (fig 3). The verify 3D graph shown the value 0.70 (fig 4), where 3D-1D score greater then 0.2 suggest the environmental condition for side chain are acceptable. Modeled protein was also examined by X-ray-NMR studies, which shown the point of the structure wit ...
... which indicate good resolution structure (fig 3). The verify 3D graph shown the value 0.70 (fig 4), where 3D-1D score greater then 0.2 suggest the environmental condition for side chain are acceptable. Modeled protein was also examined by X-ray-NMR studies, which shown the point of the structure wit ...
Positive Regulation of IκB Kinase Signaling by Protein
... These functional results, together with data shown, further reinforce the model that PP2A binds to IKK, facilitating the induction of IκB kinase activity, targeted degradation of IκB, and release of NF-κB to its nuclear site of action. Instead, our studies support the idea that this region of IKKγ i ...
... These functional results, together with data shown, further reinforce the model that PP2A binds to IKK, facilitating the induction of IκB kinase activity, targeted degradation of IκB, and release of NF-κB to its nuclear site of action. Instead, our studies support the idea that this region of IKKγ i ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... AMP-activated protein kinase - regulated by [AMP] - A reduced nutrient supply or by increase exercise cause the rise in [AMP] - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress energy requiring processes such as fatty acid, cholesterol, and ...
... AMP-activated protein kinase - regulated by [AMP] - A reduced nutrient supply or by increase exercise cause the rise in [AMP] - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress energy requiring processes such as fatty acid, cholesterol, and ...
Identification of a novel testis‐specific gene and its potential roles in
... ent organs and tissues is based primarily on differential gene expression. While “housekeeping genes” that contribute to basic structural or metabolic cellular functions are expressed ubiquitously throughout the body, “tissuespecific” genes that contribute to specialized functions in differentiated ...
... ent organs and tissues is based primarily on differential gene expression. While “housekeeping genes” that contribute to basic structural or metabolic cellular functions are expressed ubiquitously throughout the body, “tissuespecific” genes that contribute to specialized functions in differentiated ...
The protein acetylome and the regulation of metabolism - Serval
... (Ard1) subunits, the N-Acetyl Transferase B complex (NatB) contains the subunits N-Acetyl Transferase 3 (Nat3) and Mitochondrial Distribution and Morphology 20 (Mdm20), while the N-Acetyl Transferase C complex (NatC) contains the Maintenance of Killer proteins Mak3, Mak10 and Mak31. Homologs to all ...
... (Ard1) subunits, the N-Acetyl Transferase B complex (NatB) contains the subunits N-Acetyl Transferase 3 (Nat3) and Mitochondrial Distribution and Morphology 20 (Mdm20), while the N-Acetyl Transferase C complex (NatC) contains the Maintenance of Killer proteins Mak3, Mak10 and Mak31. Homologs to all ...
Activation Mechanism of Protein Kinase B by DNA
... multi-protein complex is represented by a Mr ~460,000 catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) which, in itself, is a serinethreonine kinase similar to proteins of the PI3K family (Hartley et al., 1995; Meek et al., 2004). The serine/threonine kinase PKB (protein kinase B, also called Akt) constitutes an import ...
... multi-protein complex is represented by a Mr ~460,000 catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) which, in itself, is a serinethreonine kinase similar to proteins of the PI3K family (Hartley et al., 1995; Meek et al., 2004). The serine/threonine kinase PKB (protein kinase B, also called Akt) constitutes an import ...
THIAMINE DEPRIVATION DISTURBS CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN Original Article
... hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, alkoxyl radicals, and maintenance of membrane protein thiols [11]. As the oxidative stress increases, the carbonyl content of protein increases due to oxidation of protein. ROS give rise to a variety of modifications in amino acid residues of protein like cyst ...
... hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, alkoxyl radicals, and maintenance of membrane protein thiols [11]. As the oxidative stress increases, the carbonyl content of protein increases due to oxidation of protein. ROS give rise to a variety of modifications in amino acid residues of protein like cyst ...
Role of basic character of α-sarcin`s NH2-terminal β
... α-Sarcin is the most representative member of ribotoxins, a family of fungal natural killers characterized by their exquisite ribonucleolytic specificity against ribosomes and their ability to cross cellular membranes in the absence of any known protein receptor [1,2]. These toxic proteins cleave ju ...
... α-Sarcin is the most representative member of ribotoxins, a family of fungal natural killers characterized by their exquisite ribonucleolytic specificity against ribosomes and their ability to cross cellular membranes in the absence of any known protein receptor [1,2]. These toxic proteins cleave ju ...
Presentation
... J774A.1 CELLS WERE INCUBATED WITH 1µg OF RADIOIODINATED LF (nLF AND rLF) ALONG WITH PA 1µg/ML FOR 12 HRS. AT 4C. THE CELLS WERE WASHED ...
... J774A.1 CELLS WERE INCUBATED WITH 1µg OF RADIOIODINATED LF (nLF AND rLF) ALONG WITH PA 1µg/ML FOR 12 HRS. AT 4C. THE CELLS WERE WASHED ...
Carbon Isotope Fractionation by Autotrophic Bacteria with Three
... Enzyme-catalyzed carboxylation reactions and subsequent reactions entail carbon isotope effects as a result of both therm odynam ic and kinetic fraction ations [1], An outstanding example is the bias in favor of 12C exercised by the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase reaction of Calvin cycle (C3 ...
... Enzyme-catalyzed carboxylation reactions and subsequent reactions entail carbon isotope effects as a result of both therm odynam ic and kinetic fraction ations [1], An outstanding example is the bias in favor of 12C exercised by the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase reaction of Calvin cycle (C3 ...
Lipids lecture(6) by Prof.Dr.Moaed Al
... Both transported in form of lipoprotein particles, which solubilize hydrophobic lipids and contain cell-targeting signals. Lipoproteins classified according to their densities: o chylomicrons - contain dietary triacylglycerols o chylomicron remnants - contain dietary cholesterol esters o very lo ...
... Both transported in form of lipoprotein particles, which solubilize hydrophobic lipids and contain cell-targeting signals. Lipoproteins classified according to their densities: o chylomicrons - contain dietary triacylglycerols o chylomicron remnants - contain dietary cholesterol esters o very lo ...
Investigation of the starch-binding properties of wheat friabilin
... The hardness of the grain is determined by the adhesion of the endosperm’s protein matrix to the starch granules. Due to strong adhesion, starch granules fragmentize during milling of hard wheat. This fragmentation is called starch damage. Starch damage is the most important factor in determining wa ...
... The hardness of the grain is determined by the adhesion of the endosperm’s protein matrix to the starch granules. Due to strong adhesion, starch granules fragmentize during milling of hard wheat. This fragmentation is called starch damage. Starch damage is the most important factor in determining wa ...
doc
... Molecular mechanisms of IRF and NF-B activation through TANK ULG2 studies the scaffold protein TANK/I-TRAF, which is a TRAF2 and IKK-interacting protein that is required for the TNF-induced and NF-B-dependent expression of a selection of target genes (Bonif et al., 2006). The fact that TANK also ...
... Molecular mechanisms of IRF and NF-B activation through TANK ULG2 studies the scaffold protein TANK/I-TRAF, which is a TRAF2 and IKK-interacting protein that is required for the TNF-induced and NF-B-dependent expression of a selection of target genes (Bonif et al., 2006). The fact that TANK also ...
PDF
... The binding of Dl/Ser situated on one cell to Notch situated on the neighboring cell results in two proteolytic cleavages of Notch, which mediate the release of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) into the nucleus to activate Notch target gene transcription with the assistance of Su(H) and co-activato ...
... The binding of Dl/Ser situated on one cell to Notch situated on the neighboring cell results in two proteolytic cleavages of Notch, which mediate the release of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) into the nucleus to activate Notch target gene transcription with the assistance of Su(H) and co-activato ...
Syllabus for BASIC METABOLIC PRINCIPLES
... Note that some of the arrows in the pathway point in both directions, indicating that these reactions are reversible; for the reactions catalyzed by E1, E3, and E4, the direction is determined by the concentration of substrate and product for that particular reaction. In contrast, the arrow for t ...
... Note that some of the arrows in the pathway point in both directions, indicating that these reactions are reversible; for the reactions catalyzed by E1, E3, and E4, the direction is determined by the concentration of substrate and product for that particular reaction. In contrast, the arrow for t ...
Novel evolutionary lineages of the invertebrate oxytocin/vasopressin
... not contain an intron, the OxyR, V1aR, V1bR, and V2R genes [7–10] contain an intron at the same location between the sixth and seventh transmembrane (TM) domains. Octopuses are one of the most advanced invertebrates in the aspects of intelligence, sensory systems and physical ability [11], suggestin ...
... not contain an intron, the OxyR, V1aR, V1bR, and V2R genes [7–10] contain an intron at the same location between the sixth and seventh transmembrane (TM) domains. Octopuses are one of the most advanced invertebrates in the aspects of intelligence, sensory systems and physical ability [11], suggestin ...
Plasma Lipoproteins
... The chylomicron remnant-, IDL-, and LDLderived cholesterol affects cellular cholesterol content in several ways. First, HMG CoA reductase is inhibited by high cholesterol, as a result of which, de novo cholesterol synthesis decreases. Second, synthesis of new LDL receptor protein is reduced by decre ...
... The chylomicron remnant-, IDL-, and LDLderived cholesterol affects cellular cholesterol content in several ways. First, HMG CoA reductase is inhibited by high cholesterol, as a result of which, de novo cholesterol synthesis decreases. Second, synthesis of new LDL receptor protein is reduced by decre ...
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal protein glomalin is
... the next logical steps of applying molecular biological tools to isolate the putative gene responsible for its synthesis have also not taken place. Hence, the first necessary step toward characterizing the glomalin gene was to demonstrate that the protein could also be detected and produced in soil- ...
... the next logical steps of applying molecular biological tools to isolate the putative gene responsible for its synthesis have also not taken place. Hence, the first necessary step toward characterizing the glomalin gene was to demonstrate that the protein could also be detected and produced in soil- ...
Identification of surface proteins in Enterococcus - UiO
... Background: Surface proteins are a key to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of Gram-positive bacteria interacting with the human gastro-intestinal tract. Such proteins contribute to cell wall synthesis and maintenance and are important for interactions between the bacterial cell and the human ...
... Background: Surface proteins are a key to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of Gram-positive bacteria interacting with the human gastro-intestinal tract. Such proteins contribute to cell wall synthesis and maintenance and are important for interactions between the bacterial cell and the human ...
Full-Text PDF
... signaling, including 2C-type protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and SnRK2 (SNF1-related kinase 2)-type protein kinases. The PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family comprises 14 members, all of which function in ABA perception and signaling [9,51,57,63,64]. The results of genetic analysis using triple (pyr1:pyl1:pyl4) ...
... signaling, including 2C-type protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) and SnRK2 (SNF1-related kinase 2)-type protein kinases. The PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family comprises 14 members, all of which function in ABA perception and signaling [9,51,57,63,64]. The results of genetic analysis using triple (pyr1:pyl1:pyl4) ...
Full-Text PDF
... signalling [66–70]. This growth-promoting function is probably mediated through transcriptional upregulation of Cyclin D1 and Myc, both encoding positive regulators of the cell cycle [71–73]. Moreover, PTC directly interacts with Cyclin B1, sequestering it away from the nucleus and thereby blocking ...
... signalling [66–70]. This growth-promoting function is probably mediated through transcriptional upregulation of Cyclin D1 and Myc, both encoding positive regulators of the cell cycle [71–73]. Moreover, PTC directly interacts with Cyclin B1, sequestering it away from the nucleus and thereby blocking ...
Endocrine System
... Steroid hormones are made of cholesterol, a type of lipid. Steroid hormones enter the cell by diffusing through the cell membrane. They are able to enter this way since they are made of cholesterol. ...
... Steroid hormones are made of cholesterol, a type of lipid. Steroid hormones enter the cell by diffusing through the cell membrane. They are able to enter this way since they are made of cholesterol. ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.