Nonphosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
... 1.2.1.12) and 3PGA kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) or by npGa3PDHase (Iglesias, 1990; Plaxton, 1996). This branch point, providing NADH and ATP or NADPH (but not ATP), is expected to be regulated in order to effectively modulate cellular production of energetic and reductive power according to transitory cell r ...
... 1.2.1.12) and 3PGA kinase (EC 2.7.2.3) or by npGa3PDHase (Iglesias, 1990; Plaxton, 1996). This branch point, providing NADH and ATP or NADPH (but not ATP), is expected to be regulated in order to effectively modulate cellular production of energetic and reductive power according to transitory cell r ...
A New Type of a Multifunctional ß
... A New Type of a Multifunctional -Oxidation Enzyme in Euglena Uwe Winkler*, Werner Säftel, and Helmut Stabenau Department of Biology, University of Oldenburg, P.O. Box 2503, D–26111 Oldenburg, Germany The biochemical and molecular properties of the -oxidation enzymes from algae have not been inves ...
... A New Type of a Multifunctional -Oxidation Enzyme in Euglena Uwe Winkler*, Werner Säftel, and Helmut Stabenau Department of Biology, University of Oldenburg, P.O. Box 2503, D–26111 Oldenburg, Germany The biochemical and molecular properties of the -oxidation enzymes from algae have not been inves ...
A New Type of a Multifunctional ß-Oxidation
... A New Type of a Multifunctional -Oxidation Enzyme in Euglena Uwe Winkler*, Werner Säftel, and Helmut Stabenau Department of Biology, University of Oldenburg, P.O. Box 2503, D–26111 Oldenburg, Germany The biochemical and molecular properties of the -oxidation enzymes from algae have not been inves ...
... A New Type of a Multifunctional -Oxidation Enzyme in Euglena Uwe Winkler*, Werner Säftel, and Helmut Stabenau Department of Biology, University of Oldenburg, P.O. Box 2503, D–26111 Oldenburg, Germany The biochemical and molecular properties of the -oxidation enzymes from algae have not been inves ...
Protein Sorting and Transport - The Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi
... (rough microsomes) are lined with ribosomes on their outer surface. Because ribosomes contain large amounts of RNA, the rough microsomes are denser than smooth microsomes and can be isolated by equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation. ...
... (rough microsomes) are lined with ribosomes on their outer surface. Because ribosomes contain large amounts of RNA, the rough microsomes are denser than smooth microsomes and can be isolated by equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation. ...
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF PYRIDOXINE 5’-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE E. COLI Doctoral Thesis
... Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate is the biocatalytically active form of vitamin B6, being one of nature’s most versatile cofactors that plays a central role in the metabolism of amino acids. Whereas microorganisms and plants can synthetise vitamin B6 de novo, mammals have to obtain one of the B6 vitamers with ...
... Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate is the biocatalytically active form of vitamin B6, being one of nature’s most versatile cofactors that plays a central role in the metabolism of amino acids. Whereas microorganisms and plants can synthetise vitamin B6 de novo, mammals have to obtain one of the B6 vitamers with ...
Cell and Organelle Movement
... a. Heavy chain composed of a globular head domain followed by an extended long amino acid sequence which forms a coiled coil. b. The globular head domain contains binding sites for actin and ATP and is responsible for generating the motor force. Most highly conserved domain. c. The light chains bind ...
... a. Heavy chain composed of a globular head domain followed by an extended long amino acid sequence which forms a coiled coil. b. The globular head domain contains binding sites for actin and ATP and is responsible for generating the motor force. Most highly conserved domain. c. The light chains bind ...
Protein quality of linseed for growing broiler chicks
... was estimated by extracting the seeds with boiling water (1:20, w:v) for 4 h; the extract was precipitated by adding ethanol, separated by centrifugation and, ®nally, freeze-dried (Mazza and Biliaderis, 1989; Bhatty, 1993). Amino acid analysis was performed by HPLC after 22 h hydrolysis with boiling ...
... was estimated by extracting the seeds with boiling water (1:20, w:v) for 4 h; the extract was precipitated by adding ethanol, separated by centrifugation and, ®nally, freeze-dried (Mazza and Biliaderis, 1989; Bhatty, 1993). Amino acid analysis was performed by HPLC after 22 h hydrolysis with boiling ...
COMBINING MOLECULAR DOCKING WITH RECEPTOR DOMAIN
... MD of ATP-binding domain of Ca-ATPase was performed for 3 experimental models: 1EUL (“open” apo-form), 1IWO (another “open” apo-form), and 1T5S (“closed” holo-form). The GROMACS program and the GROMOS96 force field (Berendsen et al., 1995) were used. Molecules with uncharged N- and C-termini were pl ...
... MD of ATP-binding domain of Ca-ATPase was performed for 3 experimental models: 1EUL (“open” apo-form), 1IWO (another “open” apo-form), and 1T5S (“closed” holo-form). The GROMACS program and the GROMOS96 force field (Berendsen et al., 1995) were used. Molecules with uncharged N- and C-termini were pl ...
Aligning protein sequences by hand
... and Archaea. We look at the multiple sequence alignment, and if we see positions where all the thermostable stable proteins have one type of residue, and our protein another, we may have a site which we could mutate. If one such position is also far away from the active site, and not in an unpleasan ...
... and Archaea. We look at the multiple sequence alignment, and if we see positions where all the thermostable stable proteins have one type of residue, and our protein another, we may have a site which we could mutate. If one such position is also far away from the active site, and not in an unpleasan ...
Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology
... the attention of the scientific research community. Hsp90 is a cellular protein that acts as a molecular chaperone; that is, it binds to other cellular proteins and assists in proper protein folding. It also helps stabilize its target proteins to avoid cell stress factors like heat or destruction. H ...
... the attention of the scientific research community. Hsp90 is a cellular protein that acts as a molecular chaperone; that is, it binds to other cellular proteins and assists in proper protein folding. It also helps stabilize its target proteins to avoid cell stress factors like heat or destruction. H ...
Jelly Facts - Institute of Food Research
... Collagen in animal skin and bones is broken down by heat and treatment with acids and alkalis. Bonds between collagen molecules (intermolecular bonds), bonds in the molecules (intramolecular bonds) and hydrogen bonds are broken down, making gelatin. When protein loses its shape it denatures. When t ...
... Collagen in animal skin and bones is broken down by heat and treatment with acids and alkalis. Bonds between collagen molecules (intermolecular bonds), bonds in the molecules (intramolecular bonds) and hydrogen bonds are broken down, making gelatin. When protein loses its shape it denatures. When t ...
The common northern periwinkle, Littorina littorea
... littorea hepatopancreas, a ~50% reduction in the rate of protein synthesis (measured as 3Hleucine incorporation into protein) was evident within 30 minutes when snails were placed under an N2 gas atmosphere and was sustained over 48 h of anoxia exposure (Larade and Storey, 2002a). Following a return ...
... littorea hepatopancreas, a ~50% reduction in the rate of protein synthesis (measured as 3Hleucine incorporation into protein) was evident within 30 minutes when snails were placed under an N2 gas atmosphere and was sustained over 48 h of anoxia exposure (Larade and Storey, 2002a). Following a return ...
Topology Prediction of Membrane Proteins
... All polar amide and carbonyl groups in the backbone are hydrogen bonded internally within the helix. This lowers the cost of transferring polar entities into the hydrocarbon interior and makes the conformation energetically stable. Another stabilizing factor is the enrichment of aromatic residues (T ...
... All polar amide and carbonyl groups in the backbone are hydrogen bonded internally within the helix. This lowers the cost of transferring polar entities into the hydrocarbon interior and makes the conformation energetically stable. Another stabilizing factor is the enrichment of aromatic residues (T ...
Acetylcholinesterase: A gorgeous enzyme It`s always said “Don`t
... Acetylcholinesterase: A gorgeous enzyme It’s always said “Don’t shoot the messenger”, but if the messenger keeps delivering the same message, he quickly becomes irritating! It is the job of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to ‘shoot the messenger’ at the neur ...
... Acetylcholinesterase: A gorgeous enzyme It’s always said “Don’t shoot the messenger”, but if the messenger keeps delivering the same message, he quickly becomes irritating! It is the job of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to ‘shoot the messenger’ at the neur ...
From Structure to Function
... structure of the protein. When a polypeptide sequence folds into a compact three-dimensional structure, it creates internal cavities where the side-chain packing is not perfect, and also pockets or clefts of various sizes on its surface. These regions can have a microscopic environment that is quite ...
... structure of the protein. When a polypeptide sequence folds into a compact three-dimensional structure, it creates internal cavities where the side-chain packing is not perfect, and also pockets or clefts of various sizes on its surface. These regions can have a microscopic environment that is quite ...
Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol.
... other occurs so quickly that there is no definite electron density for some of the atoms of the side chain. Several time-resolved X-ray structural methods (for a review see Westenhoff et al., 2010) have been developed in the recent years aiming to follow in real time the conformational changes of a ...
... other occurs so quickly that there is no definite electron density for some of the atoms of the side chain. Several time-resolved X-ray structural methods (for a review see Westenhoff et al., 2010) have been developed in the recent years aiming to follow in real time the conformational changes of a ...
6 II. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS A. Peptide bond
... • Therefore, if the nucleotide sequence can be determined, it is possible, from knowledge of the genetic code, to translate the sequence of nucleotides into the corresponding amino acid sequence of that polypeptide. • This indirect process, although routinely used to obtain the amino acid sequences ...
... • Therefore, if the nucleotide sequence can be determined, it is possible, from knowledge of the genetic code, to translate the sequence of nucleotides into the corresponding amino acid sequence of that polypeptide. • This indirect process, although routinely used to obtain the amino acid sequences ...
SMOOTH MUSCLE
... • It is a system of tubules that runs transverse to the long axis of the muscle. • They enter the myofibrils at the junction b/w the A and I bands. • The T-tubules open onto the sarcolemma. It is an invagination of the cell membrane & thus communicates with the ECF. • It functions to rapidly transmi ...
... • It is a system of tubules that runs transverse to the long axis of the muscle. • They enter the myofibrils at the junction b/w the A and I bands. • The T-tubules open onto the sarcolemma. It is an invagination of the cell membrane & thus communicates with the ECF. • It functions to rapidly transmi ...
Population Biology of the First Replicators: On
... At this prereplicator stage in the evolution of life there is no life history, since the birth and death processes are intimately coupled through the physical chemistry of a single reaction. With the emergence of nonenzymatic, template-directed replication, the birth and death processes could diverg ...
... At this prereplicator stage in the evolution of life there is no life history, since the birth and death processes are intimately coupled through the physical chemistry of a single reaction. With the emergence of nonenzymatic, template-directed replication, the birth and death processes could diverg ...
Comparison of sequence-based and structure
... divergence by and large hold for these families which is reflected by the high correlation coefficients. Most of these families are characterized by average sequence identities more than the “twilight zone” values and low average SDM values. Sixty-nine families with intermediate correlation coefficient ...
... divergence by and large hold for these families which is reflected by the high correlation coefficients. Most of these families are characterized by average sequence identities more than the “twilight zone” values and low average SDM values. Sixty-nine families with intermediate correlation coefficient ...
... residues from the cell wall or cell membrane trigger a cascade of biological responses. The capacity for identifying and binding glycoconjugates from the microorganism’s surface is exclusive to lectins. Consequently, they are capable of inhibiting the motility and multiplication of microorganisms (O ...
Induction of CDPK (ZmCPK11)- and MAPK
... gene-specific primers, designed using Primer Express program (Applied Biosystems), for amplification of ZmCPK11 (primers 1 and 2), ZmWIP1 (primers 3 and 4), ZmLOX1 (primers 5 and 6), ZmEF-1 (primers 7 and 8), and Zm-tubulin (primers 9 and 10) are shown in Table 1 (see Appendix S1, Supporting infor ...
... gene-specific primers, designed using Primer Express program (Applied Biosystems), for amplification of ZmCPK11 (primers 1 and 2), ZmWIP1 (primers 3 and 4), ZmLOX1 (primers 5 and 6), ZmEF-1 (primers 7 and 8), and Zm-tubulin (primers 9 and 10) are shown in Table 1 (see Appendix S1, Supporting infor ...
Protein purification
Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms. Protein purification is vital for the characterization of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separate the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Separation of one protein from all others is typically the most laborious aspect of protein purification. Separation steps usually exploit differences in protein size, physico-chemical properties, binding affinity and biological activity. The pure result may be termed protein isolate.The methods used in protein purification can roughly be divided into analytical and preparative methods. The distinction is not exact, but the deciding factor is the amount of protein that can practically be purified with that method. Analytical methods aim to detect and identify a protein in a mixture, whereas preparative methods aim to produce large quantities of the protein for other purposes, such as structural biology or industrial use. In general, the preparative methods can be used in analytical applications, but not the other way around.