Linkage Novel Type of Antigen with an Isopeptide Peptide Splicing
... two separate peptide fragments are combined. Transpeptidation thus competes with normal hydrolysis, in which the intermediate ester is hydrolyzed by water molecules present in excess, resulting in the release of the N-terminal part of the peptide (12). All peptides produced in the proteasomal cataly ...
... two separate peptide fragments are combined. Transpeptidation thus competes with normal hydrolysis, in which the intermediate ester is hydrolyzed by water molecules present in excess, resulting in the release of the N-terminal part of the peptide (12). All peptides produced in the proteasomal cataly ...
Structural Analyses of Zinc Finger Domains for Specific Interactions
... extended α-helix (Arg27~Ser32) and secondary structure of these amino acids that participate in interactions with major grooves. Arg27, Ser28, and Ser30 interact with the bases, phosphate, and deoxyribose sugar ring in doublestranded DNA [59]. The well-elaborated sequences of primary structures for ...
... extended α-helix (Arg27~Ser32) and secondary structure of these amino acids that participate in interactions with major grooves. Arg27, Ser28, and Ser30 interact with the bases, phosphate, and deoxyribose sugar ring in doublestranded DNA [59]. The well-elaborated sequences of primary structures for ...
endoglucanase in cellulose biosynthesis is not very clear
... gene family code for proteins that are predicted to function as processive βglycosyltransferases based on the presence of the ‘D,D,D35QXXRW’ motif (18). Some of these genes code for cellulose synthases (referred to as CesAs), while others code for proteins with an as yet to be determined function (r ...
... gene family code for proteins that are predicted to function as processive βglycosyltransferases based on the presence of the ‘D,D,D35QXXRW’ motif (18). Some of these genes code for cellulose synthases (referred to as CesAs), while others code for proteins with an as yet to be determined function (r ...
Ph.D. Thesis Azar Shahpiri
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
... acid (GA) signal by synthesizing hydrolytic enzymes that are released to the endosperm, before undergoing cell death. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone layer can be separated from the other seed tissues and maintained in culture, allowing the study of GA, abscisic acid (ABA) and other signals in ...
REVIEWS - Unisciel
... assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. But is it an essential component of sarcomerebased actomyosin contractile systems in general? It is striking that exact homologues of titin that span half the sarcomere have not been found in invertebrate muscles, and this could be argued to b ...
... assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. But is it an essential component of sarcomerebased actomyosin contractile systems in general? It is striking that exact homologues of titin that span half the sarcomere have not been found in invertebrate muscles, and this could be argued to b ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... S100B should bind to whole wild-type CP in solution. No such interaction has been observed in several in vitro physical binding and functional assays carried out with high concentrations of protein under conditions in which S100B binds tightly to the 12- and 28-residue a-subunit peptides and to dena ...
... S100B should bind to whole wild-type CP in solution. No such interaction has been observed in several in vitro physical binding and functional assays carried out with high concentrations of protein under conditions in which S100B binds tightly to the 12- and 28-residue a-subunit peptides and to dena ...
Motor proteins of the kinesin superfamily
... resulting in a more compact dimer containing many more interactions between the heads and the coiled-coil. Further structural data contributing to a working hypothesis for the structural basis of kinesin motilty come from three-dimensional electron-microscopic (EM) reconstructions of microtubules de ...
... resulting in a more compact dimer containing many more interactions between the heads and the coiled-coil. Further structural data contributing to a working hypothesis for the structural basis of kinesin motilty come from three-dimensional electron-microscopic (EM) reconstructions of microtubules de ...
Bacterial protein toxins targeting Rho GTPases
... grated slower, suggesting a di¡erent type of modi¢cation than that induced by CNF [41]. The puzzle was solved when it was recognised that DNT possesses transglutaminase activity. DNT attaches primary amines onto Rho at position Gln63. Further comparison of the enzyme activities of DNT and CNFs revea ...
... grated slower, suggesting a di¡erent type of modi¢cation than that induced by CNF [41]. The puzzle was solved when it was recognised that DNT possesses transglutaminase activity. DNT attaches primary amines onto Rho at position Gln63. Further comparison of the enzyme activities of DNT and CNFs revea ...
PDF - Beilstein
... In vitro reconstitution of NisB activity with the nisin precursor peptide NisA showed that dehydration involves the glutamylation of Ser and Thr side chains prior to elimination of glutamate [50]. This mechanistic proposal was established due to the observation that three NisB mutants (R786A, R826A ...
... In vitro reconstitution of NisB activity with the nisin precursor peptide NisA showed that dehydration involves the glutamylation of Ser and Thr side chains prior to elimination of glutamate [50]. This mechanistic proposal was established due to the observation that three NisB mutants (R786A, R826A ...
Identification and analysis of new phloem proteins from
... maintain the physiological control and to satisfy the nutritive demands of all distant plant organs. Upon these demands they had to develop long-distance transport systems that allow the efficient transport of water, nutrients and signalling molecules. In angiosperms two independent cellular conduit ...
... maintain the physiological control and to satisfy the nutritive demands of all distant plant organs. Upon these demands they had to develop long-distance transport systems that allow the efficient transport of water, nutrients and signalling molecules. In angiosperms two independent cellular conduit ...
Protein Cleavage Due to Pro-oxidative Activity in Some Spices
... the fragmentation of BSA is inhibited if the hydroxyl radicals are involved in such fragmentation. The data from BSA content determination by Bradford method and free amino group analysis suggested that 10 mM mannitol mostly prevented the fragmentation of BSA under the conditions studied (data not s ...
... the fragmentation of BSA is inhibited if the hydroxyl radicals are involved in such fragmentation. The data from BSA content determination by Bradford method and free amino group analysis suggested that 10 mM mannitol mostly prevented the fragmentation of BSA under the conditions studied (data not s ...
HCM - Cardiology
... • modest reduction in LVOT gr . 25 – 40 mm Hg • subjective improvement • treadmill time / max. O2 cons. didn’t improve ? Placebo effect Pacing In Cardiomyopathy trial …. Similar data ...
... • modest reduction in LVOT gr . 25 – 40 mm Hg • subjective improvement • treadmill time / max. O2 cons. didn’t improve ? Placebo effect Pacing In Cardiomyopathy trial …. Similar data ...
Supplementary Table 1
... time-course of growth in the presence of 100 mM L-serine are listed in table IA and table IB respectively. Genes listed are those whose expression was significantly altered by at least two-fold (Welch’s t-test analysis of variance). The list is in alphabetical order according to the systematic gene ...
... time-course of growth in the presence of 100 mM L-serine are listed in table IA and table IB respectively. Genes listed are those whose expression was significantly altered by at least two-fold (Welch’s t-test analysis of variance). The list is in alphabetical order according to the systematic gene ...
Mitochondrial translation factors of Trypanosoma brucei: elongation
... apparent, 21 proteins were more than twofold downregulated (Fig. 5A). As expected the most highly downregulated protein was EF-Tu itself (20-fold), the direct target of the RNAi. Moreover, mitochondrially encoded COX2 was also among the top hits (4.3-fold downregulated). The mitochondrial gene produ ...
... apparent, 21 proteins were more than twofold downregulated (Fig. 5A). As expected the most highly downregulated protein was EF-Tu itself (20-fold), the direct target of the RNAi. Moreover, mitochondrially encoded COX2 was also among the top hits (4.3-fold downregulated). The mitochondrial gene produ ...
Document
... be degraded or denatured by heat. 9- Do PRIONs come from pre-existing prions? YES (hypothesized) ~ existing PRIONs convert normal Prion-like protein structures into abnormal viable PRION geometries. ...
... be degraded or denatured by heat. 9- Do PRIONs come from pre-existing prions? YES (hypothesized) ~ existing PRIONs convert normal Prion-like protein structures into abnormal viable PRION geometries. ...
A photochemical model for the Venus atmosphere at 47–112 km
... consider in more detail some differences between our and previous models. Our approach is to remove from the model all species and reactions that are not essential and do not affect abundances of the observable species and those that may become observable. The basic input data are the Venus orbit ra ...
... consider in more detail some differences between our and previous models. Our approach is to remove from the model all species and reactions that are not essential and do not affect abundances of the observable species and those that may become observable. The basic input data are the Venus orbit ra ...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and
... chains of similar molecular weight (dextran 70), this observation suggests that additional factors besides size exclusion effects play a role in determining protein refolding yields. The exact nature of any interactions of lysozyme with BSA and ovalbumin is unknown, but the fact that hen lysozyme is ...
... chains of similar molecular weight (dextran 70), this observation suggests that additional factors besides size exclusion effects play a role in determining protein refolding yields. The exact nature of any interactions of lysozyme with BSA and ovalbumin is unknown, but the fact that hen lysozyme is ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Ricin A Chain
... toxin comprises a catalytic A chain (RTA) and a Galbinding B chain (RTB) linked by a single disulfide bond. However, when it is synthesized in castor bean endosperm, it is made as a glycosylated precursor, preproricin (Lamb et al., 1985), in which mature RTA is preceded by an N-terminal signal pepti ...
... toxin comprises a catalytic A chain (RTA) and a Galbinding B chain (RTB) linked by a single disulfide bond. However, when it is synthesized in castor bean endosperm, it is made as a glycosylated precursor, preproricin (Lamb et al., 1985), in which mature RTA is preceded by an N-terminal signal pepti ...
Identification and Structural Characterization of the ATP/ADP
... Hsp70/DnaK. Although the apparent involvement of ATP in p23 binding remains unexplained, it has become widely accepted that unlike Hsp70/DnaK and Hsp60/ GroEL, Hsp90 does not bind ATP. Although the structure of the intact Hsp90 molecule has not yet been determined, crystal structures of an amino-ter ...
... Hsp70/DnaK. Although the apparent involvement of ATP in p23 binding remains unexplained, it has become widely accepted that unlike Hsp70/DnaK and Hsp60/ GroEL, Hsp90 does not bind ATP. Although the structure of the intact Hsp90 molecule has not yet been determined, crystal structures of an amino-ter ...
Translocation of Structural P Proteins in the Phloem
... existence of a pool of unpolymerized PP1 and PP2 subunits within sieve element–companion cell complexes. In their analysis of phloem filament structure, Read and Northcote (1983a) estimated that as much as 43% of PP1 and 18% of PP2 were present as free monomers or dimers in phloem exudates of Cucurb ...
... existence of a pool of unpolymerized PP1 and PP2 subunits within sieve element–companion cell complexes. In their analysis of phloem filament structure, Read and Northcote (1983a) estimated that as much as 43% of PP1 and 18% of PP2 were present as free monomers or dimers in phloem exudates of Cucurb ...
A Raman spectroscopic study of the interaction between nucleotides
... polynucleotide-protein complexes the nucleotide shields the 4-6 tyrosine residues from coordination by the COO- groups even at high protein concentration. The presence of the nucleotide causes no shielding of the SH groups. With Raman difference spectroscopy i t is shown that binding of the protein ...
... polynucleotide-protein complexes the nucleotide shields the 4-6 tyrosine residues from coordination by the COO- groups even at high protein concentration. The presence of the nucleotide causes no shielding of the SH groups. With Raman difference spectroscopy i t is shown that binding of the protein ...
as a PDF - CiteSeerX
... full-length CD34, having a relatively short intracellular region of 73 amino acids. An alternatively spliced form with a shorter intracellular tail is expressed at lower abundance. Full-length CD34 is highly phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC).5 CD34 itself does not have intrinsic kinase activi ...
... full-length CD34, having a relatively short intracellular region of 73 amino acids. An alternatively spliced form with a shorter intracellular tail is expressed at lower abundance. Full-length CD34 is highly phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC).5 CD34 itself does not have intrinsic kinase activi ...
Recoding the Genetic Code with Selenocysteine
... recoding) was observed for the Tyr codon 140UAC. MS/MS analysis confirmed Sec incorporation at position 140 for the Tyr UAC codon (Figure 2 B), and no Tyr-containing peptide was identified (Table S2 A,B). For a total of 11 codons, MS/MS analysis identified only the Sec-containing peptide (Table S2, ...
... recoding) was observed for the Tyr codon 140UAC. MS/MS analysis confirmed Sec incorporation at position 140 for the Tyr UAC codon (Figure 2 B), and no Tyr-containing peptide was identified (Table S2 A,B). For a total of 11 codons, MS/MS analysis identified only the Sec-containing peptide (Table S2, ...
LCAT activation by apoA-I in HDL3 exposed to HOCl or MPO
... ApoA-I Oxidation by HOCl –A Specific MPO Product– Impairs ABCA1 Activity Oxidation 3 Met Residues ...
... ApoA-I Oxidation by HOCl –A Specific MPO Product– Impairs ABCA1 Activity Oxidation 3 Met Residues ...
Cyclol
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.