HIBERNATING BEARS, ANTIBIOTICS AND THE EVOLVING RIBOSOME
... RNA (mRNA), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and accessory protein factors. The ribosome, a universal dynamic cellular ribonucleoprotein complex, is the key player in this process, and typical mammalian cells can contain over a million ribosomes (the ‘factories’ that translate the genetic code into proteins). ...
... RNA (mRNA), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and accessory protein factors. The ribosome, a universal dynamic cellular ribonucleoprotein complex, is the key player in this process, and typical mammalian cells can contain over a million ribosomes (the ‘factories’ that translate the genetic code into proteins). ...
Cytosolic Hsp70 and co-chaperones constitute a novel system for
... Then, an effect of the ssa2 mutation on tRNA import was assessed under the conditions of nutrient starvation. Wild-type, ssa1Δ, and ssa2Δ cells cultured in the YPD medium were transferred to the amino acid-starvation medium SD+Ura, Ade (SD), and the localization of tRNA-ProUGG and tRNA-iMet was anal ...
... Then, an effect of the ssa2 mutation on tRNA import was assessed under the conditions of nutrient starvation. Wild-type, ssa1Δ, and ssa2Δ cells cultured in the YPD medium were transferred to the amino acid-starvation medium SD+Ura, Ade (SD), and the localization of tRNA-ProUGG and tRNA-iMet was anal ...
Ageing and the aggregating proteoglycans of
... and the position of sulphation are the best examples of variation due to the alteration of post-translational enzyme systems, and they undoubtedly contribute to much of the change in glycosaminoglycan structure and distribution associated with ageing. This situation is compounded, however, by the pr ...
... and the position of sulphation are the best examples of variation due to the alteration of post-translational enzyme systems, and they undoubtedly contribute to much of the change in glycosaminoglycan structure and distribution associated with ageing. This situation is compounded, however, by the pr ...
Side Chain Chemistry Mediates Backbone Fragmentation in
... via the 18C6 portion of the molecule. The preferred target is lysine; however, under appropriately gentle electrospray conditions, 2 will complex with virtually any protonated peptide. The iodonaphthyl portion of 2 is designed to yield a naphthyl radical following photodissociation of the carbon-iod ...
... via the 18C6 portion of the molecule. The preferred target is lysine; however, under appropriately gentle electrospray conditions, 2 will complex with virtually any protonated peptide. The iodonaphthyl portion of 2 is designed to yield a naphthyl radical following photodissociation of the carbon-iod ...
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... molecule, and they interact through structural complementarity c. because the nonpolar regions form a cage-like structure around the charged portions of the molecule d. The nonpolar regions are always associated with the DNA genetic material on the inside of the molecule. When complex biomolecules s ...
... molecule, and they interact through structural complementarity c. because the nonpolar regions form a cage-like structure around the charged portions of the molecule d. The nonpolar regions are always associated with the DNA genetic material on the inside of the molecule. When complex biomolecules s ...
Characterization of Phosphorylation Sites from the Activation Loop
... phosphorylate purified myelin basic protein (MBP) (Figure 2). The results showed a significant increase in phosphorylation by MEK1-ΔEE compared to MEK1-WT for all the three GST-ERK1 preparations. The K71A mutant of ERK1 lost most of its activity towards myelin basic protein (MBP), while the phosphor ...
... phosphorylate purified myelin basic protein (MBP) (Figure 2). The results showed a significant increase in phosphorylation by MEK1-ΔEE compared to MEK1-WT for all the three GST-ERK1 preparations. The K71A mutant of ERK1 lost most of its activity towards myelin basic protein (MBP), while the phosphor ...
Bioinformatics (1) - Computer and Information Sciences
... Structure of the bases (Thymine is not shown here) ...
... Structure of the bases (Thymine is not shown here) ...
Allosteric Interactions after 50Years
... quantification by A. V. Hill produced the equation still widely used as a measure of cooperativity. 11 An interesting functional connection to feedback-inhibited enzymes can be made from early hemoglobin experiments by Wyman on the effect of urea. 12 The notion of quaternary constraint was unknown a ...
... quantification by A. V. Hill produced the equation still widely used as a measure of cooperativity. 11 An interesting functional connection to feedback-inhibited enzymes can be made from early hemoglobin experiments by Wyman on the effect of urea. 12 The notion of quaternary constraint was unknown a ...
Linear Polymer
... Cellulose, a linear polymer of D-glucose units (two are shown) linked by β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds. ...
... Cellulose, a linear polymer of D-glucose units (two are shown) linked by β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds. ...
Yeast Extract
... • Separation from the culture medium • Opening of the cells : moderate heat treatment or salt addition which allows the conservation of the enzymes • Autolysis : this step of the process is performed under mild conditions of pH and temperature ; its duration depends on the type of yeast and to what ...
... • Separation from the culture medium • Opening of the cells : moderate heat treatment or salt addition which allows the conservation of the enzymes • Autolysis : this step of the process is performed under mild conditions of pH and temperature ; its duration depends on the type of yeast and to what ...
Specific Interaction of the PDZ Domain Protein PICK1 with the
... PDZ-binding domain (QSAV) at the extreme COOH terminus of PKCa and that mutation of a putative carboxylate-binding loop within the PICK1 PDZ domain abolishes this interaction. The PDZ-binding domain in PKCa is absent from other PKC isoforms that do not interact with PICK1. We also demonstrate that P ...
... PDZ-binding domain (QSAV) at the extreme COOH terminus of PKCa and that mutation of a putative carboxylate-binding loop within the PICK1 PDZ domain abolishes this interaction. The PDZ-binding domain in PKCa is absent from other PKC isoforms that do not interact with PICK1. We also demonstrate that P ...
EVOLUTIONARILY RELATED INSERTION PATHWAYS OF
... presequences. The first part of these presequences target the protein to the lumen of the organelle, whereas the second part mediates membrane integration. How might topogenic sequences operate? Over two decades ago Blobel (1980), in his signal hypothesis, proposed that membrane proteins contain sig ...
... presequences. The first part of these presequences target the protein to the lumen of the organelle, whereas the second part mediates membrane integration. How might topogenic sequences operate? Over two decades ago Blobel (1980), in his signal hypothesis, proposed that membrane proteins contain sig ...
Genetic Dissection of Chloroplast Biogenesis and
... in cotyledons and true leaves is demonstrated by genetic studies. That is, chloroplast mutants have been described that have the phenotype restricted to one leaf organ, such as chlorotic true leaves, but green cotyledons as in the variegated (var) and immutans mutants (Liu et al., 2010). Conversely, ...
... in cotyledons and true leaves is demonstrated by genetic studies. That is, chloroplast mutants have been described that have the phenotype restricted to one leaf organ, such as chlorotic true leaves, but green cotyledons as in the variegated (var) and immutans mutants (Liu et al., 2010). Conversely, ...
Two Microtubule-Associated Proteins of the
... 2004). While AtMAP65-1 has 78% sequence identity with AtMAP65-2, it only has approximately 44% sequence identity with AtMAP65-6 (Hussey et al., 2002). Because AtMAP65-6 shows significant sequence divergence with AtMAP65-1 at both N and C termini, we wondered whether the divergence would render diffe ...
... 2004). While AtMAP65-1 has 78% sequence identity with AtMAP65-2, it only has approximately 44% sequence identity with AtMAP65-6 (Hussey et al., 2002). Because AtMAP65-6 shows significant sequence divergence with AtMAP65-1 at both N and C termini, we wondered whether the divergence would render diffe ...
Solubility of recombinant Src homology 2 domains expressed in E
... of beta-aggregation stretches in proteins [13], TANGO (http://tango.crg.es). TANGO analysis of the human TSAd SH2 domain sequence (S90-R188) revealed that the βC strand of the human TSAd SH2 domain (Figure 1) harbours a nine aa sequence (SAVTFVLTY) with near 100% propensity for intermolecular beta-s ...
... of beta-aggregation stretches in proteins [13], TANGO (http://tango.crg.es). TANGO analysis of the human TSAd SH2 domain sequence (S90-R188) revealed that the βC strand of the human TSAd SH2 domain (Figure 1) harbours a nine aa sequence (SAVTFVLTY) with near 100% propensity for intermolecular beta-s ...
Characterization of the Cytosolic Proteins Involved in the Amoeboid
... forward. Protrusion is the best understood of these processes (Pollard and Borisy, 2003). However, there are still many questions to be addressed, such as how force is produced and how polymerization is directed to the leading edge. ...
... forward. Protrusion is the best understood of these processes (Pollard and Borisy, 2003). However, there are still many questions to be addressed, such as how force is produced and how polymerization is directed to the leading edge. ...
Document
... OIP106 - GRIF-1-Like Protein Targets OGT to RNA polymerase II binds via TPRs. Many more yet to be identified - pulled out by yeast 2H. ...
... OIP106 - GRIF-1-Like Protein Targets OGT to RNA polymerase II binds via TPRs. Many more yet to be identified - pulled out by yeast 2H. ...
DLocalMotif: a discriminative approach for discovering local motifs in
... little data.) The scoring functions collectively establish whether a motif is enriched in a constrained sequence interval in the positive dataset relative to the negative dataset. To uncover only significant, spatially confined motifs, P-values are determined by a (corrected) binomial test of motif ...
... little data.) The scoring functions collectively establish whether a motif is enriched in a constrained sequence interval in the positive dataset relative to the negative dataset. To uncover only significant, spatially confined motifs, P-values are determined by a (corrected) binomial test of motif ...
The Pseudomonas syringae HrpJ protein controls the secretion of
... (Kubori and Galán, 2002; Coombes et al., 2004). SepL from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is required for secretion of translocator proteins in culture and the translocation of type III effectors (O’Connell et al., 2004). Shigella flexneri mutants lacking MxiC, another YopN-TyeA/ InvE/SepL family ...
... (Kubori and Galán, 2002; Coombes et al., 2004). SepL from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is required for secretion of translocator proteins in culture and the translocation of type III effectors (O’Connell et al., 2004). Shigella flexneri mutants lacking MxiC, another YopN-TyeA/ InvE/SepL family ...
Yeast secretory expression of insulin precursors
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
... purpose of the ®gure is to orient the reader rather than to suggest a speci®c structure for insulin. The ®gure was produced using the MOLSCRIPT program (Kraulis 1991) ...
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
... D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet. E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension ...
... D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet. E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits. Answer: C Topic: Concept 5.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension ...
Cyclol
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.