Imaging doses from the Elekta Synergy X
... phantom was increased by adding 15cm of Perspex (Plexiglass) to both ends of the body phantom and one end of the head phantom. A dose meter (Radcal 9010, Radcal Corp, Monrovia, CA, USA) with a 10cm long, 3cc ion chamber was used. For the CBDI measured in air (CBDIair), the ion chamber was placed at ...
... phantom was increased by adding 15cm of Perspex (Plexiglass) to both ends of the body phantom and one end of the head phantom. A dose meter (Radcal 9010, Radcal Corp, Monrovia, CA, USA) with a 10cm long, 3cc ion chamber was used. For the CBDI measured in air (CBDIair), the ion chamber was placed at ...
EFFICIENT QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS IN RADIOLOGY
... suffer from significant inaccuracy due to difficulties to define, maintain and communicate decision criteria for what is visible.(13) Such testphantom images can be useful in quality control in identifying deficiencies in the imaging equipment. However, until significant positive correlations can be ...
... suffer from significant inaccuracy due to difficulties to define, maintain and communicate decision criteria for what is visible.(13) Such testphantom images can be useful in quality control in identifying deficiencies in the imaging equipment. However, until significant positive correlations can be ...
AAPM-RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents: Typical Patient
... this improved contrast comes at the cost of increased patient dose. A grid also absorbs a portion of the primary x rays—that is, those that would have contributed to exposing the image receptor—and the only way to achieve the degree of exposure required to produce the image is to increase the amount ...
... this improved contrast comes at the cost of increased patient dose. A grid also absorbs a portion of the primary x rays—that is, those that would have contributed to exposing the image receptor—and the only way to achieve the degree of exposure required to produce the image is to increase the amount ...
Image Quality and Dose Comparison between
... • Image quality with the spiral CT was superior for all imaging parameters, even at lower doses • While our currently employed spiral CT protocol offers superior image quality, dose is also greater ...
... • Image quality with the spiral CT was superior for all imaging parameters, even at lower doses • While our currently employed spiral CT protocol offers superior image quality, dose is also greater ...
Each of the six sections of the written examination objectives is
... Each of the six sections of the written examination objectives is designed to provide an ACVR eligible resident with a framework from which to study. The objectives are not all inclusive but should provide a minimum knowledge base needed to pass the written examination. A candidate must obtain a sco ...
... Each of the six sections of the written examination objectives is designed to provide an ACVR eligible resident with a framework from which to study. The objectives are not all inclusive but should provide a minimum knowledge base needed to pass the written examination. A candidate must obtain a sco ...
An Introduction to Fluoroscopy Safety
... Biological effects of radiation are categorized as being stochastic or deterministic. Stochastic Effects Stochastic effects happen by chance. They are more likely to happen as dose increases. They don’t occur in degrees, rather they are present or not. Cancer and heritable changes in reproductive ce ...
... Biological effects of radiation are categorized as being stochastic or deterministic. Stochastic Effects Stochastic effects happen by chance. They are more likely to happen as dose increases. They don’t occur in degrees, rather they are present or not. Cancer and heritable changes in reproductive ce ...
CT Dose Reduction Applications - Journal of the American College
... take advantage of the dose reduction capabilities of their scanners because of a lack of familiarity and understanding as to how these tools work. However, these tools are now built into scanner software with relatively simple, intuitive interfaces, and little or no day-to-day manipulation of the sc ...
... take advantage of the dose reduction capabilities of their scanners because of a lack of familiarity and understanding as to how these tools work. However, these tools are now built into scanner software with relatively simple, intuitive interfaces, and little or no day-to-day manipulation of the sc ...
Radiology Procedure for Imaging Pregnant Patients
... Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 3 Procedure if pregnant or possibly pregnant ................................................................ 4 ...
... Procedure .......................................................................................................................... 3 Procedure if pregnant or possibly pregnant ................................................................ 4 ...
technical Aspects of a Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study Aspects
... choosing both the test fluid and the barium product. The addition of barium, liquid or powder, will affect the density and viscosity of the test fluid. In the United States, Varibar™ is a commercially available line of low concentration (40% w/v) barium products that are produced in different consis ...
... choosing both the test fluid and the barium product. The addition of barium, liquid or powder, will affect the density and viscosity of the test fluid. In the United States, Varibar™ is a commercially available line of low concentration (40% w/v) barium products that are produced in different consis ...
Inclusion of the dose from kilovoltage cone beam CT in the radiation
... values in the table are obtained by multiplying the PINNACLE “computed dose” values by the ratio of bone/water mass energy absorption coefficients obtained from Table X of AAPM Task Group 61 report,17 assuming a 5.4 mm HVL for the 125 kVp beam measured before.10 As seen in the table, this results in ...
... values in the table are obtained by multiplying the PINNACLE “computed dose” values by the ratio of bone/water mass energy absorption coefficients obtained from Table X of AAPM Task Group 61 report,17 assuming a 5.4 mm HVL for the 125 kVp beam measured before.10 As seen in the table, this results in ...
average glandular dose
... small differences in soft tissue density Sharpness: capability of the system to make visible small details (calcifications down to 0.1 mm) Dose: the female breast is a very radiosensitive organ and there is a risk of carcinogenesis associated with the technique Noise: determines how far the dose can ...
... small differences in soft tissue density Sharpness: capability of the system to make visible small details (calcifications down to 0.1 mm) Dose: the female breast is a very radiosensitive organ and there is a risk of carcinogenesis associated with the technique Noise: determines how far the dose can ...
Radiation Safety Guide for Diagnostic Imaging X
... dose over a period of a few minutes to hours of between 250,000 to 450,000 mrem. This would vary depending on the health of the individuals before the exposure and the medical care received after the exposure. These are acute whole body doses, meaning that the whole body is exposed to the radiation ...
... dose over a period of a few minutes to hours of between 250,000 to 450,000 mrem. This would vary depending on the health of the individuals before the exposure and the medical care received after the exposure. These are acute whole body doses, meaning that the whole body is exposed to the radiation ...
Fluoroscopy and Radiation Safety Content for
... for normal mode, and 20R/min for high dose mode. Since fluoroscopy time is unregulated, the amount of radiation that a patient might receive is unlimited. The term kerma refers to the kinetic energy released per unit mass, of a specific material, produced by the charged particles liberated by ...
... for normal mode, and 20R/min for high dose mode. Since fluoroscopy time is unregulated, the amount of radiation that a patient might receive is unlimited. The term kerma refers to the kinetic energy released per unit mass, of a specific material, produced by the charged particles liberated by ...
Adult patient doses in interventional neuroradiology
... surface dose since they assume that there was a skin region that was always in the direct x-ray beam. There were no cases of epilation or skin erythema in this series of 149 adult patients who underwent interventional neuroradiologic procedures. The data shown in Fig. 3 共total surface dose兲, however ...
... surface dose since they assume that there was a skin region that was always in the direct x-ray beam. There were no cases of epilation or skin erythema in this series of 149 adult patients who underwent interventional neuroradiologic procedures. The data shown in Fig. 3 共total surface dose兲, however ...
Frequently Asked Questions About Clinical Dose Optimization
... patient’s record the radiation dose index (CTDIvol, DLP, or size-specific dose estimate [SSDE]) on every study produced during a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) examination. The radiation dose index must be exam specific, summarized by series or anatomic area, and documented in a retrievable for ...
... patient’s record the radiation dose index (CTDIvol, DLP, or size-specific dose estimate [SSDE]) on every study produced during a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) examination. The radiation dose index must be exam specific, summarized by series or anatomic area, and documented in a retrievable for ...
Required/Required when applicable/Optional
... *Registration using a soft tissue surrogate for the tumor is recommended. *Free-breathing CTs are not to be used as reference images for 4D CBCT IGRT process **Clearly visible anatomical markers are acceptable as fiducials, e.g. inserted radio-opage markers or Lipiodol from prior TACE treatment. Whe ...
... *Registration using a soft tissue surrogate for the tumor is recommended. *Free-breathing CTs are not to be used as reference images for 4D CBCT IGRT process **Clearly visible anatomical markers are acceptable as fiducials, e.g. inserted radio-opage markers or Lipiodol from prior TACE treatment. Whe ...
Optimisation in general radiography (PDF Available)
... Radiography using film has been an established method for imaging the internal organs of the body for over 100 years. Surveys carried out during the 1980s identified a wide range in patient doses showing that there was scope for dosage reduction in many hospitals. This paper discusses factors that n ...
... Radiography using film has been an established method for imaging the internal organs of the body for over 100 years. Surveys carried out during the 1980s identified a wide range in patient doses showing that there was scope for dosage reduction in many hospitals. This paper discusses factors that n ...
Quality Control in Conventional Radiology
... be repaired. In the present study, the calculated average dose was different between M1 device and the unit installed in D city. These findings confirm the great significance of image quality, since images with no diagnostic features impose unnecessary exposure on patients. Furthermore, if devices a ...
... be repaired. In the present study, the calculated average dose was different between M1 device and the unit installed in D city. These findings confirm the great significance of image quality, since images with no diagnostic features impose unnecessary exposure on patients. Furthermore, if devices a ...
AAPM/RSNA Physics Tutorial for Residents: Topics in CT
... Factors that affect radiation dose from CT include the beam energy, tube current–time product, pitch, collimation, patient size, and dose reduction options. Methods of reducing the radiation dose to a patient from CT include reducing the milliampere-seconds value, increasing the pitch, varying the m ...
... Factors that affect radiation dose from CT include the beam energy, tube current–time product, pitch, collimation, patient size, and dose reduction options. Methods of reducing the radiation dose to a patient from CT include reducing the milliampere-seconds value, increasing the pitch, varying the m ...
Thallous Chloride TI 201 Injection
... 11.3 External Radiation The specific gamma ray constant for thallium Tl-201 is 4.64 R/mCi-hr at 1 cm. The first half-value thickness of lead (Pb) is 0.0006 cm. A range of values for the radiation emitted by this radionuclide with the corresponding exposure rate at 1 cm that results from interpositio ...
... 11.3 External Radiation The specific gamma ray constant for thallium Tl-201 is 4.64 R/mCi-hr at 1 cm. The first half-value thickness of lead (Pb) is 0.0006 cm. A range of values for the radiation emitted by this radionuclide with the corresponding exposure rate at 1 cm that results from interpositio ...
Dosimetry of 3 CBCT devices for oral and maxillofacial radiology
... child orthodontic patient this is of particular concern because children are assumed to carry any radiation burden for a longer period of time than adults and because developing organs are more sensitive to radiation effects. It is important for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists to know and commun ...
... child orthodontic patient this is of particular concern because children are assumed to carry any radiation burden for a longer period of time than adults and because developing organs are more sensitive to radiation effects. It is important for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists to know and commun ...
No Slide Title
... treatment of numerous diseases, for providing researchers with detailed information about cellular physiology and function, and for facilitating the goal of personalized medicine.” ...
... treatment of numerous diseases, for providing researchers with detailed information about cellular physiology and function, and for facilitating the goal of personalized medicine.” ...
Image Processing Project Tomographic Image Reconstruction
... treatment of numerous diseases, for providing researchers with detailed information about cellular physiology and function, and for facilitating the goal of personalized medicine.” ...
... treatment of numerous diseases, for providing researchers with detailed information about cellular physiology and function, and for facilitating the goal of personalized medicine.” ...
Radiation burn
A radiation burn is damage to the skin or other biological tissue caused by exposure to radiation. The radiation types of greatest concern are thermal radiation, radio frequency energy, ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation.The most common type of radiation burn is a sunburn caused by UV radiation. High exposure to X-rays during diagnostic medical imaging or radiotherapy can also result in radiation burns. As the ionizing radiation interacts with cells within the body—damaging them—the body responds to this damage, typically resulting in erythema—that is, redness around the damaged area. Radiation burns are often associated with radiation-induced cancer due to the ability of ionizing radiation to interact with and damage DNA, occasionally inducing a cell to become cancerous. Cavity magnetrons can be improperly used to create surface and internal burning. Depending on the photon energy, gamma radiation can cause very deep gamma burns, with 60Co internal burns are common. Beta burns tend to be shallow as beta particles are not able to penetrate deep into the person; these burns can be similar to sunburn.Radiation burns can also occur with high power radio transmitters at any frequency where the body absorbs radio frequency energy and converts it to heat. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) considers 50 watts to be the lowest power above which radio stations must evaluate emission safety. Frequencies considered especially dangerous occur where the human body can become resonant, at 35 MHz, 70 MHz, 80-100 MHz, 400 MHz, and 1 GHz. Exposure to microwaves of too high intensity can cause microwave burns.