• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Print this article - Journals at the University of Arizona
Print this article - Journals at the University of Arizona

... amino acids (NEAAs), however, may be biosynthesized using carbon-containing substrates from a variety of dietary macronutrients, and this has been demonstrated by several feeding studies (Reeds 2000; Ambrose and Norr 1993; Jim et al. 2006). In a case where marine or freshwater proteins as well as te ...
K m + [S]
K m + [S]

... Proximity effect and orientation arrange: For a biochemical reaction to occur, the substrate must come into close proximity to catalytic functional groups (side chain groups involved in a catalytic mechanism ) within the active site. In addition, the substrate must be precisely, spatially oriented t ...
Program Overview
Program Overview

... Enzymes control the metabolic pathways essential for cell survival. They oversee the use of all four major groups of organic molecules— carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and many other proteins important in physiology, such as blood proteins, the proteins that form muscle and connective tissues, ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry. Life at the Molecular Level. 3rd Edition Brochure
Fundamentals of Biochemistry. Life at the Molecular Level. 3rd Edition Brochure

... Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2242601/ ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Residue Interface Propensity and Hydrophobicity: signature of the pocket function  Propensity for each amino acid is calculated as a  Compute and assign geometrical, fraction of the frequency that the amino acid topological and functional contributes to the protein-ligand interface attributes to t ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism

... presence of insulin the number of GLUT 4 increases on the cell surface. SGLT = Sodium Glucose Transporters (bind Na+) are located on intestinal epithelial cells and tubular cell in kidneys. Glucose (Glc) moves via the facilitative transporters against its concentration gradient. Utilization of Glc G ...
CHAPTER 2 The Chemistry of Living Things
CHAPTER 2 The Chemistry of Living Things

... Wed Sept 13 • Review worksheet covering objectives for cell respiration, after 1st... • Wrap up enzyme function (as an example of modulating protein function) • You might remember from last time: 3 D shape of protein is key to function ...
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-III
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-III

... has been on the basis of strong and addictive (or narcotic) compounds and the mild analgesics (or non-narcotic). ...
System Superior Reproducibility for Complex Gradients
System Superior Reproducibility for Complex Gradients

... Complex Gradients Amino Acid ...
APenzymes
APenzymes

... All that going on in those little mitochondria! ...
Chapter 21 - Evangel University
Chapter 21 - Evangel University

... • Acetyl-CoA is transported to the cytosol and converted to malonyl-CoA • The biosynthesis of FA proceeds by the addition of 2-carbon units to the hydrocarbon chain. • The process is catalyzed by the fatty-acid synthase complex Comparison of FA Degradation and Biosynthesis ...
The Three-Dimensional Structure of the 15 Domain of the Human
The Three-Dimensional Structure of the 15 Domain of the Human

... protein based on multidimensional NMR studies. As deduced by preliminarily structure calculation dom15 shows a typical Kazal like motif, i.e. a small three-stranded β-sheet and an α-helix, located in a region being consistent with the typical Kazal-type inhibitors pattern. The extra amino acid resid ...
acetyl-CoA - Winona State University
acetyl-CoA - Winona State University

... 1) Use results in protein breakdown!! expensive 2) Not all A.A. can feed into glucose or the TCA!! expensive 3) Ammonia and urea are created by degradation!! toxic 4) Ketones are created by accident!! Toxic ...
The origin of the RNA world: Co-evolution of genes and metabolism
The origin of the RNA world: Co-evolution of genes and metabolism

... ness characteristic of metabolic networks that allows accumulation of significant quantities of particular compounds, rather than miniscule amounts of every possible product. Since acquisition of new catalysts probably occurred one at a time in a largely random fashion, many extant metabolic pathways ...
Document
Document

... Hydrolysis of Succinyl CoA - Energy from hydrolysis of succinyl CoA is used to add a phosphate group (Pi) to GDP (guanosine diphosphate). - Phosphate group (Pi) add to ADP to produce ATP. ...
Teacher Guide DNA to Protein.ver8 - RI
Teacher Guide DNA to Protein.ver8 - RI

... 6. How can a mutation have no effect? If it is a silent mutation, the mutation does not affect the amino acid that is coded for. There can be silent mutations because there is redundancy in the genetic code. 7. Which types of mutations, among those you created in this activity, are more likely to ca ...
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA

... This is the citric acid cycle. It is also called the “TCA cycle” or the “Krebs cycle”. TCA  stands for “tri carboxylic acid.” Once again we will not be memorizing these  structures in this class, but they are needed for MCATs. Entry into the citric acid cycle  is a condensation of two carbon molecu ...
File
File

... State that metabolic pathways consist of chains and cycles of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Describe the induced-fit model. (This is an extension of the lock-and-key model. Its importance in accounting for the ability of some enzymes to bind to several substrates should be mentioned). Explain that enz ...
Teacher Guide DNA to Protein.ver8 - RI
Teacher Guide DNA to Protein.ver8 - RI

... 6. How can a mutation have no effect? If it is a silent mutation, the mutation does not affect the amino acid that is coded for. There can be silent mutations because there is redundancy in the genetic code. 7. Which types of mutations, among those you created in this activity, are more likely to ca ...
Microbial Metabolism
Microbial Metabolism

... c) In metabolic pathways, we are often concerned with the oxidation or reduction of carbon. d) Reduced forms of carbon (e.g. hydrocarbons, methane, fats, carbohydrates, alcohols) carry a great deal of potential chemical energy stored in their bonds. e) Oxidized forms of carbon (e.g. ketones, ...
melgarejo richard
melgarejo richard

... A. Well as of right now I do consider myself to be a scientist because I have gone through plenty of scientific courses. I feel I can be able to manage and go with the scientific method. Also, I am a scientist because I use the scientific method in my everyday life. I mean when I feel there is somet ...
Microbial Metabolism - Accelerated Learning Center, Inc.
Microbial Metabolism - Accelerated Learning Center, Inc.

... c) In metabolic pathways, we are often concerned with the oxidation or reduction of carbon. d) Reduced forms of carbon (e.g. hydrocarbons, methane, fats, carbohydrates, alcohols) carry a great deal of potential chemical energy stored in their bonds. e) Oxidized forms of carbon (e.g. ketones, ...
Chapter 5 - csmithbio
Chapter 5 - csmithbio

... Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is basically insolubility in water. • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar coval ...
Lipids (lect 5, 6))
Lipids (lect 5, 6))

... Sphingomyeline is formed of sphingosine base, fatty acyl CoA, phosphate and choline. (Remembr structure, first lecture). Steps of synthesis: see figure 1- Palmitic acid is activated by CoA to give palmitoyl CoA. 2- Combination of palmitoyl CoA with serine to form sphingosine base. 3- Then sphingosin ...
Chapter 24 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Chapter 24 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

... Aldehyde reaction with NH3 yields imine. Cyanide ion attacks the protonated imine. The resulting -amino nitrile is hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid. ...
< 1 ... 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report