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Molecular evolution of paclitaxel biosynthetic genes TS and
Molecular evolution of paclitaxel biosynthetic genes TS and

... 2005). Since paclitaxel biosynthetic enzymes catalyze the formation of an important defense molecule paclitaxel and other related taxanes, it is reasonable to expect that most amino acid residues are highly conserved. However, whether adaptive evolution affects a few sites of some enzymes is unknown ...
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Manuscript title - Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable

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Lecture 12 - Biocatalysis

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A Genetic Defect in Amino Acid Metabolism: Phenylketonuria (PKU)

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Handout 14, 15 - U of L Class Index

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The Control of the Metabolic Switch in Cancers by Oncogenes and

... regulation. Thus, in cancer cells the last step of glycolysis is slowed, resulting in a buildup of phosphorylated intermediates that can be used in anabolic synthesis and cell growth (11). Rapidly dividing cells require favorable energetics [that is, higher ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and ATP/ad ...
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The Effect of Actidione and other Antifungal Agents on Nucleic Acid
The Effect of Actidione and other Antifungal Agents on Nucleic Acid

... Preliminary investigations. The manometric techniques of Umbreit, Burris & Stauffer (1949) were used to study the effect of actidione on oxygen consumption and anaerobic production of carbon dioxide by Saccharornyces carlsbergensis in the presence of glucose. Actidione at concentrations up to 1 mg./ ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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