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Purification and characterization of the 1-3
Purification and characterization of the 1-3

... latter compound is then reduced to 1.3-PPD by the NADHlinked 1.3-PPD dehydrogenase (dha T). The key enzymes of glycerol fermentation are glycerol dehydrogenase and dihydroxyacetone kinase for oxidative branch and glycerol dehydratase and propanediol dehydrogenase for the reductive branch. The enzyme ...
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word

... CGG and GCG as chiral selectors and a few amino acids from each class, viz., nonpolar (alanine, proline, phenylalanine, and tryptophan) polar (asparagine and tyrosine), acidic (aspartic acid and glutamic acid), and basic (lysine) amino acids as analytes. The negative electrospray ionization (ESI) ma ...
Food fight: sexual conflict over free amino acids in the nuptial gifts of
Food fight: sexual conflict over free amino acids in the nuptial gifts of

... acids (Warwick, 1999; Gershman et al., 2012) including alanine, serine, histidine, proline, valine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, and threonine, which have phagostimulatory effects in insects (Leckstein & Llewellyn, 1974; Srivastava & Auclair, 1974; Cook, 1977). However, females ...
Cellular Respiration www.AssignmentPoint.com Cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration www.AssignmentPoint.com Cellular respiration

... energy in the form of two net molecules of ATP. Four molecules of ATP per glucose are actually produced, however, two are consumed as part of the preparatory phase. The initial phosphorylation of glucose is required to increase the reactivity (decrease its stability) in order for the molecule to be ...
enzymes - UniMAP Portal
enzymes - UniMAP Portal

... INTRODUCTION How enzymes work ? 1. recognize very specific substrates, 2. perform specific chemical reactions high speeds. Enzymes make and break specific chemical bonds of the substrates at a faster rate without being consumed in the process. At the end of each catalytic cycle, the enzyme is free ...
Rapid Translation System RTS 500 E. coli HY Kit
Rapid Translation System RTS 500 E. coli HY Kit

All Proteins Have a Basic Molecular Formula
All Proteins Have a Basic Molecular Formula

... contributing elements with respect to each other is kept constant. It believed that, all proteins are formed based on a similar basic molecular formula. There is significant diversity in transcription and rRNA-specific translation at the ribosome for production of proteins based on the specific gene ...
Introduction - Cedar Crest College
Introduction - Cedar Crest College

... The energy is stored rather than lost as heat and is used to make two molecules of NADH + H+, one for each of the two glyceraldehyde molecules made from the one glucose molecule. ...
Identification, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Galloyl Inhibitors of
Identification, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Galloyl Inhibitors of

... Post-translation phosphorylation of protein Ser, Thr and Tyr residues is an important reversible modification that plays a central role in eukaryotic cellular activities such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and gene expression.1 The phosphorylation and dephophorylation of t ...
Introduction - Evergreen State College Archives
Introduction - Evergreen State College Archives

... The energy is stored rather than lost as heat and is used to make two molecules of NADH + H+, one for each of the two glyceraldehyde molecules made from the one glucose molecule. ...
semester iii
semester iii

... example each, Elementary study of the following factors affecting velocity of enzymecatalysed reactions effect of substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, temperature and pH; MichaelisMenten equation (without derivation), Km and its significance ...
The following equations and constants may be useful:
The following equations and constants may be useful:

... a) at the beginning of the titration. b) when two equivalents of base have been added. c) when the pH equals the pKa. d) when one-half equivalent of base has been added. 3. Which of the following is most correct: a) Charged amino acids are never buried in the interior of a protein. b) All hydrophobi ...
Section 2-3 - Xavier High School
Section 2-3 - Xavier High School

... 3. In a solution, all components are easily distributed. In a suspension, undissolved particles are suspended in the mixture and can settle out over time. 4. The pH scale measures concentrations of hydrogen ions in a solution. 5. The pH will be less than 7. (Strong acid and neutral water: still acid ...
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration

... • what remains is keto acid and may be converted to pyruvic acid, acetylCoA, or one of the acids of the citric acid cycle • during shortage of amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates can be aminated and converted to amino acids • in gluconeogenesis, keto acids are used to synthesis glucose ...
Science Take-Out: From DNA to Protein Structure and Function
Science Take-Out: From DNA to Protein Structure and Function

... DNA is sometimes referred to as the blueprint of life. It holds the letters that code for almost all life on earth. Because DNA is so important, it has several proofreading and editing mechanisms in place to avoid errors as it replicates itself millions of times. However, occasionally there are mist ...
Exam 2
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... potential for the transport of protons INTO the cell? (b) As the protons are transported into the cell, ATP synthesis can be coupled to this process by the enzyme ATP synthase. At 100% efficiency, under the conditions listed above, how many protons must be transported to synthesize one molecule of A ...
Outline Visualizing proteins with PyMol
Outline Visualizing proteins with PyMol

... The O-H distance of ~2.74 Å in an H-bond is smaller than the sum of : (i) the O-H covalent bond distance of ~0.97 Å + (ii) the H vdW-radius of ~1.2 Å + (iii) the O vdW-radius of ~1.4 Å, since this sum is: 0.97 + 1.2 + 1.4 = ~ 3.6 Å. 10 Å = 1 nm = 10-9 m ...
Word file - UC Davis
Word file - UC Davis

... The Ramachandran plot shows as many residues in helical structures than in strand ...
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate
A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate

... [email protected] ABSTRACT: The shikimate pathway has been described as a metabolic tree with many branches that led to the synthesis of an extensive range of products. This pathway is present only in bacteria, fungi, and plants. While there is only little difference in the seque ...
Analysis of metabolic pathways and fluxes in a newly discovered
Analysis of metabolic pathways and fluxes in a newly discovered

... of C5 (e.g., xylose) and C6 sugars (e.g., glucose) and is tolerant to high ethanol concentrations (10%, v/v). We have investigated the central metabolism of this bacterium using both in vitro enzyme assays and 13C-based flux analysis to provide insights into the physiological properties of this extr ...
Plant Physiology
Plant Physiology

... of this homology is unclear. The deduced MsLECl protein is 92% identical with and 96% homologous to the deduced MtLECl protein, and MsLECl is highly homologous to other legume lectins. Especially highly conserved amino acid residues in legume lectins are known to be important in sugar binding (van E ...
Student Exploration: Digestive System
Student Exploration: Digestive System

Structural adaptation of enzymes to low
Structural adaptation of enzymes to low

Whole-cell biocatalysts by design - Microbial Cell Factories
Whole-cell biocatalysts by design - Microbial Cell Factories

... and its chemically synthesized counterpart can be considerable. Therefore, whole-cell bioprocess holds promise to be the commercially viable route to produce compounds that used in food, beverages, and cosmetics field. The most common drawbacks of biocatalysts include the presence of substrate or pr ...
Autotrophic growth on methanol by bacteria isolated from activated
Autotrophic growth on methanol by bacteria isolated from activated

... carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate with formation of phosphoglycerate - are catalysed by phosphoribulokinase and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. The levels of the enzymes necessary for operation of the above Cl-assimilation pathways are generally much higher in cells grown on media with C ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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