• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP Shunt)
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (HMP Shunt)

... HMP shunt (PPP) is less active in skeletal muscle & non-lactating mammary glands Site:- ...
Zoology 145 course
Zoology 145 course

... Summary of RNA Transcription Mechanism 1) Transcription begins when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to DNA at a promoter region. 2) The enzyme separates the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds, and then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled into a strand o ...
2012
2012

... 20. [6 points] Provide the correct answers below in the spaces given A) In the active site of chymotrypsin, a ___His[1 points]_____ residue increases the nucleophilicity of a nearby ____Ser[1 points]______ residue, which makes a covalent bond to the substrate. B) A hydrophobic pocket provides_______ ...
TY10618.CHP:Corel VENTURA
TY10618.CHP:Corel VENTURA

... (Nevitt et al., 1994) also did not distinguish between two types of ORNs in respect of their functional differences. The urine of mature females is a potent odorant in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Moore and Scott, 1992), and the major source of primer and releaser pheromones for ...
Bio 112 17 sp11
Bio 112 17 sp11

... 14. Describe the structure and function of tRNA. 15. Explain how tRNA is joined to the appropriate amino acid. 16. Describe the structure and functions of ribosomes. 17. Describe the process of translation (including initiation, elongation, and termination) and explain which enzymes, protein factors ...
Computational Geometry of Molecular Structure
Computational Geometry of Molecular Structure

... CDDL IRRV AEYY KKRV CKRS CEKP HKKS CGLR ACKN ...
Chapter 8 Powerpoint (To the Point)
Chapter 8 Powerpoint (To the Point)

... Inhibition of enzyme activity in which the products of a reaction or series of reactions acts upon the enzyme(s) responsible for the generation of that product. b. Thus, the more product there is, the less product which is produced. If similarly, the less product there is, the more product which is ...
Regioselectivity and Activity of Cytochrome P450 BM-3 and
Regioselectivity and Activity of Cytochrome P450 BM-3 and

... of H2O2 or the lack of dependence on electron and proton transfer to the active site for formation of the reactive intermediate(s), two processes which are likely to coincide with conformational fluctuations that affect regioselectivity. Peroxygenase reactions were initiated by addition of 10 mM H2O ...
Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle
Recitation 4: glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle

... Basics of metabolism • ATP is the cell’s energy currency • Catabolism: turning carbon fuels into ATP • glycolysis, the citric acid cycle • Fuel  CO2 + H2O + energy ...
Aromatic amino acid requirements of the lactating sow
Aromatic amino acid requirements of the lactating sow

... definition of 'requirement' than did the former, who may have over­ estimated both the requirement and replacement value by allowing for a "safer" dietary level. In a somewhat unusual experiment from an ethical point of view, Snyderman et al. (1955) used growth curves as the criterion of measure­ me ...
Solid state NMR of isotope labelled murine fur: A powerful tool to
Solid state NMR of isotope labelled murine fur: A powerful tool to

... Where relevant signals from specific residue types are resolvable we have used C – C values to infer their predominant secondary structural environment, as shown in Table 1. A combination of intermolecular covalent and non-covalent bonds between adjacent polymer chains maintain higher order stru ...
Source–Sink Relationships
Source–Sink Relationships

... component enzymes through alkalinization and an increase in free Mg2 1 in the chloroplast stroma, and through the transfer of reducing equivalents from ferredoxin (Fd) to thioredoxin, which activates enzymes through thioldisulfide exchange reactions. Chloroplasts and mitochondria do not function in i ...
Enzymes_Group A
Enzymes_Group A

... occur fast enough. Enzymes have several remarkable properties: The rates of enzymatically catalyzed reactions are often phenomenally high. The enzymes are highly specific to the reactions they catalyzed- side products are rarely formed. Enzymes can be regulated- important consideration in living org ...
The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in some
The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in some

... discussed in the context of the suggestion made by Intriago and Floodgate (Journal of General Microbiology 137, 1503-1509,1991) that Ffexibucterstrains possess both the anaerobic and aerobic pathways for unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, the activity of the latter being modulated by the intracell ...
Basic Cell Chemistry :
Basic Cell Chemistry :

Factors That Affect Microbial Growth
Factors That Affect Microbial Growth

... (1) CO2, H2O2, ethanol. NH3, organic acids (2) nisin-Streptococcus spp., lacticin B from Lactobacillus acidophilus 4. Redox change (1) S. aureus growth = limit Micrococcus spp. (2) anaerobe lower Eh of food more than aerobe ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

... (RF, 0.65), a weak spot of alanyl-alanine (RF, 0.79), and two weak spots (RF, 0.42 and 0.50), among which the fast-moving one probably represents pyruvate (11, 13). The pellet contained macromolecular wall material (RF, 0.0), precursors (RF, 0.2), and a small fraction of alanine. At RF 0.9, the RF v ...
Enzymes
Enzymes

... which act as catalysts of chemical reactions • Without enzymes to catalyze them, many chemical processes happen at a very slow rate in living organisms • By making some enzymes and not others, cells can control what chemical reactions happen in their cytoplasm ...
GENETICS TEST IV - Daytona State College
GENETICS TEST IV - Daytona State College

... • Frameshift mutations result from insertions or deletions of a base pair. • A mutational event leading to the insertion of one or more base pairs in a gene, shifting the codon reading frame in all codons that follow the mutational site. • A frameshift mutation occurs when any number of bases are ad ...
Document
Document

... • Cells synthesize or degrade channel and transport proteins • Cells often synthesize enzymes needed to catabolize a substrate only when substrate is available • If two energy sources are available, cells catabolize the more energy-efficient of the two first • Cells synthesize metabolites they need, ...
Characteristics of the gene encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) in Glycine max
Characteristics of the gene encoding pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) in Glycine max

... We have isolated P5CS gene as it relates to stress tolerance by using PCR with primers. The results show that the size of the P5CS gene of the studied cultivars is 2,148 bp, which encodes for 715 amino acids. When these proteins are compared with the P5CS proteins of the other species, the result sh ...
LECTURE OUTLINE
LECTURE OUTLINE

... An imbalance of globin chain production results in the accumulation of free globin chains in the red blood cell precursors, which, being insoluble, precipitate, resulting in hemolysis of the red blood cells ...
The Diversity of Lysine-Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia coli
The Diversity of Lysine-Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia coli

... apoptosis, and energy metabolism, are also controlled by lysine acetylation [5, 8, 11, 21]. However, only a few lysine-acetylated proteins have been identified in prokaryotes. Only two proteins, the excitatory response regulator of bacterial chemotaxis (CheY) and acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) in Esche ...
Multiple Choice Review- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Multiple Choice Review- Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

... 8. How many pyruvate molecules are generated by the glycolysis of 3 glucose molecules? a. 1 b. 3 c. 6 d. 12 9. The buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells is caused by a. The Citric Acid Cycle b. The Calvin Cycle c. Alcoholic fermentation d. Lack of oxygen 10. Which of these is not true of fermentat ...
please click, ppt - Department of Statistics | Rajshahi University
please click, ppt - Department of Statistics | Rajshahi University

... lysosomal proteases. In PrPsc, processing results in limited proteolysis (2). Limited degradation produces PrPsc fragments, which accumulate overtime and may have a role in cell death. These fragments lead to propagation of the PrPsc infection in adjacent cells. A) Normal PrP can refold into PrPsc i ...
< 1 ... 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report