• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Local homology recognition and distance measures in linear time
Local homology recognition and distance measures in linear time

Document
Document

... Be able to provide an overview of what happens as one or more substrates and an enzyme come together so that the catalyzed reaction can occur, and be able to list the properties of enzymes that make their specificity possible. 3. What effects do temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate c ...
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration

... system ,leads to the transfer of electrons from substrate to O2 ...
Kreb`s Cycle
Kreb`s Cycle

Physical Models for Protein Folding and Drug Design
Physical Models for Protein Folding and Drug Design

... that mutations in only few sites denaturate (i.e. impedes its folding) as well as destabilizes (strongly reduces the native state occupation probability) the protein. To be quantitative, we find that only 8% ± 2% (Fig. 1) of the amino acids of a designed sequence are highly conserved, strongly inter ...
Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis

...  Transfer RNA, also called tRNA.  Folds back on itself  Carries an Amino Acid to the ribosome.  Has an anticodon at one end. ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Bacterial class A acid
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Bacterial class A acid

... reagents are attractive since they are easily prepared, have a long shelf life, and are easy to handle. However, given the need to generate highly basic alkoxides, reactions are limited to substrates with base-tolerant functional groups. Milder reaction conditions to facilitate this process have bee ...
4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase Has the Catalytic Capacity to
4-Coumarate:Coenzyme A Ligase Has the Catalytic Capacity to

... of (di)nucleoside polyphosphates, appreciable amounts of these compounds, pnN and NpnN⬘, have been found to also naturally occur in a variety of tissues and organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and animal cells (Garrison and Barnes, 1992; Kisselev et al., 1998; McLennan, 2000). They presumably occu ...
Local homology recognition and distance
Local homology recognition and distance

... table, with one entry for each possible k-mer. An entry in this table contains a list of positions where the corresponding kmer is found. The table is ®rst built for one sequence. k-mers in the second sequence are then enumerated in position order until a common k-mer is found. The position(s) of th ...
Supplemental Text
Supplemental Text

... GSSG levels similar to or even higher than APAP alone. This indicated that the delayed GSH treatment did not prevent the mitochondrial oxidant stress, which is presumably initiated by binding of NAPQI to mitochondrial proteins.15 These data provided strong evidence that the delayed treatment with G ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase

... – Analogous to pyruvate-to-acetyl-CoA reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ...
and fatty acids
and fatty acids

Vegetarian Protezyme Forte Natural Non-Animal
Vegetarian Protezyme Forte Natural Non-Animal

How will Hemoglobin Affect the Winner of this Year`s Super Bowl
How will Hemoglobin Affect the Winner of this Year`s Super Bowl

... acid has a certain chemical character in relation to water molecules. Some amino acids love being around water (Hydrophilic), some hate water and hide from it (Hydrophobic), and for some, it doesn’t matter as much. Proteins do not exist as a string of amino acids, but must fold into a 3 dimensional ...
Principles of transcriptional control in the metabolic
Principles of transcriptional control in the metabolic

... could be dedicated to distinct processes using central glycolysis enzymes. The linear arrangement of these genes along the pathway is shown at right. a common reaction and thus reduce crosstalk and unwanted interactions between separate metabolic pathways. It is not clear which reflected by a high c ...
RNA - Southgate Schools
RNA - Southgate Schools

... • Because there are four different bases, there are 64 possible, three-base codons ...
JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE
JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE

... unsafe for consumption (Ali et al., 2010). As for enzymatic extraction, although there are many studies that have proven its ability to extract high amount of high-quality protein (Hamada, 1998; Hamada, 2000; Hanmoungjai et al., 2001; Hanmoungjai et al., 2002; Tang et al., 2003), this process is not ...
Renal tubular reabsorption
Renal tubular reabsorption

... • Glucose, amino acids, or phosphate with sodium in luminal membranes of proximal tubules • Sodium and hydrogen ions in luminal membranes of proximal ...
Natural Occurrence and Industrial Applications of d
Natural Occurrence and Industrial Applications of d



... step that made the compound. e.g. High levels of citrate turn off glycolysis by inhibiting PFK. High levels of citrate suggest that the TCA cycle does not need any additional acetyl CoA. A product inhibitor is inhibition of an enzyme by its own product. Example is pyruvate dehydrogenase, which is in ...
Specific Growth Inhibition by Acetate of an Escherichia coli Strain
Specific Growth Inhibition by Acetate of an Escherichia coli Strain

... synthesis and NAD synthesis, respectively, was found to be reduced in the cells overproducing Era-dE. Lipoic acid and NAD are essential cofactors for the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and glycine cleavage enzyme complex. The expression of numerous ...
Malate Dehydrogenase
Malate Dehydrogenase

... and 43 acidic residues (25 aspartates + 18 glutamates) in cMDH. In mMDH there are 25 lysines and 8 arginines for total of 33 basic residues, and 13 aspartates and 16 glutamates for a total of 29 acidic groups (Birktoft et al. 1989a). The sequence identity between cMDH and mMDH is relatively low, bei ...
Introduction to Enzymes - Worthington Biochemical
Introduction to Enzymes - Worthington Biochemical

... Additional amounts of substrate added to the reaction mixture after this point actually decrease the reaction rate. This is thought to be due to the fact that there are so many substrate molecules competing for the active sites on the enzyme surfaces that they block the sites (Figure 12) and preven ...
General acid-base catalysis
General acid-base catalysis

... temporarily covalently modified in the course of catalysis. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... EPSP synthase. The enzyme is common in the synthetic pathways leading to the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. These amino acids are essential in plants as precursors for cell wall formation, defense against pathogens and insects, and production of hormones (Duke, 1990). ...
< 1 ... 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report