Notes
... Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode. (cytolysis) Chapter menu ...
... Hypotonic Solutions: contain a low concentration of solute relative to another solution (e.g. the cell's cytoplasm). When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the water diffuses into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly explode. (cytolysis) Chapter menu ...
ATP-driven Pumps
... • Maintains K+-rich cytosol – essential for protein synthesis etc. - probably originally its primary function ...
... • Maintains K+-rich cytosol – essential for protein synthesis etc. - probably originally its primary function ...
Cloning of a cDNA Encoding a Plasma Membrane
... Protein from Numerou Dicotyledonous Plants The OGAIPGA-enhanced phosphorylation of a plasma membrane-associated protein allows the investigation of pectic matrix-cell surface interactions. This rapid and simple assay based on labeling proteins with radioactive phosphate permits the study of the inte ...
... Protein from Numerou Dicotyledonous Plants The OGAIPGA-enhanced phosphorylation of a plasma membrane-associated protein allows the investigation of pectic matrix-cell surface interactions. This rapid and simple assay based on labeling proteins with radioactive phosphate permits the study of the inte ...
Antibacterial activity of zinc(II) and copper(II) terpyridine
... Zinc(ll) and copper(II) complexes with organic molecules are used in clinical medicine, e.g. (i) complex of zinc(ll) acetate with erythromycin is used for ache therapy, (ii) copper chelating agents were developed to treat Wilson disease, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes copper acc ...
... Zinc(ll) and copper(II) complexes with organic molecules are used in clinical medicine, e.g. (i) complex of zinc(ll) acetate with erythromycin is used for ache therapy, (ii) copper chelating agents were developed to treat Wilson disease, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes copper acc ...
Cell Wall
... – Living part of cell – Receives signals such as hormones. – Wall signals transmitted through plasmalemma and into cytoplasm, -biochemical response ...
... – Living part of cell – Receives signals such as hormones. – Wall signals transmitted through plasmalemma and into cytoplasm, -biochemical response ...
autophagy - Botanik in Bonn
... [3] Stolz, A., Ernst, A. & Dikic, I. 2014. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Nat. Cell Biol. 16, 495–501 . ...
... [3] Stolz, A., Ernst, A. & Dikic, I. 2014. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Nat. Cell Biol. 16, 495–501 . ...
Section 1 Lactation Physiology
... Amino acid transport: Both sodium-dependent and sodium independent amino acid transport mechanisms analogous to those found in other organs have been demonstrated at the basolateral component of the mammary epithelium. Other ...
... Amino acid transport: Both sodium-dependent and sodium independent amino acid transport mechanisms analogous to those found in other organs have been demonstrated at the basolateral component of the mammary epithelium. Other ...
Transformations of phosphatidylinositol phosphates in the outer and
... PIPs’ must be compartmentalized in a function-dependent manner. Thus, the 18 phosphoinositide interconversion reactions identified thus far and mediated by as many as 47 genes encoding 19 phosphatidylinositide kinases and 28 phosphatidylinositide phosphatases [4], must be restricted by cellular spac ...
... PIPs’ must be compartmentalized in a function-dependent manner. Thus, the 18 phosphoinositide interconversion reactions identified thus far and mediated by as many as 47 genes encoding 19 phosphatidylinositide kinases and 28 phosphatidylinositide phosphatases [4], must be restricted by cellular spac ...
PDF
... during mitosis, the kinetochores of polar chromosomes (non-aligned bivalents), which are at the greatest risk of mis-segregating, preferentially recruit Mad2, which couples SAC activation to aneuploidy risk. Paradoxically, although an SAC operates in mammalian oocytes, meiosis I is notoriously error ...
... during mitosis, the kinetochores of polar chromosomes (non-aligned bivalents), which are at the greatest risk of mis-segregating, preferentially recruit Mad2, which couples SAC activation to aneuploidy risk. Paradoxically, although an SAC operates in mammalian oocytes, meiosis I is notoriously error ...
Evolution of the Bacterial Flagellum
... example, while gram-negative bacteria have two membranes, gram-positive bacteria have only one membrane; consequently, the flagella of these two and appear to be transmitted to progeny bacbacterial types differ in ways that reflect these two envelope types. teria largely by vertical descent. When th ...
... example, while gram-negative bacteria have two membranes, gram-positive bacteria have only one membrane; consequently, the flagella of these two and appear to be transmitted to progeny bacbacterial types differ in ways that reflect these two envelope types. teria largely by vertical descent. When th ...
PDF
... during mitosis, the kinetochores of polar chromosomes (non-aligned bivalents), which are at the greatest risk of mis-segregating, preferentially recruit Mad2, which couples SAC activation to aneuploidy risk. Paradoxically, although an SAC operates in mammalian oocytes, meiosis I is notoriously error ...
... during mitosis, the kinetochores of polar chromosomes (non-aligned bivalents), which are at the greatest risk of mis-segregating, preferentially recruit Mad2, which couples SAC activation to aneuploidy risk. Paradoxically, although an SAC operates in mammalian oocytes, meiosis I is notoriously error ...
University of Groningen The Role of Biomacromolecular
... membrane (7, 64, 87, 90, 97, 119). For at least two different types of membrane transport systems, it has been shown that the anionic membrane surface interacts electrostatically with protein domains, locking the systems in the inactive state. A high ionic strength screens the electrostatic interact ...
... membrane (7, 64, 87, 90, 97, 119). For at least two different types of membrane transport systems, it has been shown that the anionic membrane surface interacts electrostatically with protein domains, locking the systems in the inactive state. A high ionic strength screens the electrostatic interact ...
Plant-specific mitotic targeting of RanGAP
... Yeast homologs of RanGAP lack the C-terminal, SUMOylated targeting domain of mammalian RanGAPs and are not associated with the NE (Melchior et al., 1993). In contrast to higher animals and plants, the yeasts undergo closed mitosis without breakdown of the NE. Therefore, a purely or predominantly cyt ...
... Yeast homologs of RanGAP lack the C-terminal, SUMOylated targeting domain of mammalian RanGAPs and are not associated with the NE (Melchior et al., 1993). In contrast to higher animals and plants, the yeasts undergo closed mitosis without breakdown of the NE. Therefore, a purely or predominantly cyt ...
Enzymes - HCC Learning Web
... • Some products of a reaction may inhibit the enzyme required for its production. – This is called feedback regulation. – It prevents the cell from wasting resources. ...
... • Some products of a reaction may inhibit the enzyme required for its production. – This is called feedback regulation. – It prevents the cell from wasting resources. ...
Cellular uptake of fatty acids driven by the ER-localized acyl
... polarization might be required for proper localization of FATP4, and we therefore investigated terminally polarized Fig. 1. Intracellular localization of FATP4-GFP. (A) Intracellular reticular MDCK cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. localization of FATP4 in stably expressing MDCK cells. Sh ...
... polarization might be required for proper localization of FATP4, and we therefore investigated terminally polarized Fig. 1. Intracellular localization of FATP4-GFP. (A) Intracellular reticular MDCK cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. localization of FATP4 in stably expressing MDCK cells. Sh ...
Endocytosis of Viruses and Bacteria
... Although the simplest among living organisms, bacteria are considerably more complex than viruses. They are single-celled and have different shapes (spherical, spiral, or rod shaped) and appear singly or in chains. A typical bacterium is 1– 5 mm in length. It has a cell membrane and a rigid cell wal ...
... Although the simplest among living organisms, bacteria are considerably more complex than viruses. They are single-celled and have different shapes (spherical, spiral, or rod shaped) and appear singly or in chains. A typical bacterium is 1– 5 mm in length. It has a cell membrane and a rigid cell wal ...
Studies of vacuolar trafficking pathways regulated by RAB5 and
... GTPases regulate tethering and fusion of transport vesicles to target membranes in membrane trafficking by acting as molecular switches, cycling between GDP- and GTP-bound states. The multifunctional vacuole is the largest organelle in plant cells, and many proteins are transported to and stored in ...
... GTPases regulate tethering and fusion of transport vesicles to target membranes in membrane trafficking by acting as molecular switches, cycling between GDP- and GTP-bound states. The multifunctional vacuole is the largest organelle in plant cells, and many proteins are transported to and stored in ...
The Par3/Par6/aPKC Complex and Epithelial Cell Polarity
... The Par complex The genes encoding for Par3, Par6 and aPKC were originally identified in searching for genes that are required to establish anterior/posterior polarity of C. elegans zygotes (hence named par for partitioning-defectiveness of zygotes after mutation of the genes) [9]. Subsequently, gr ...
... The Par complex The genes encoding for Par3, Par6 and aPKC were originally identified in searching for genes that are required to establish anterior/posterior polarity of C. elegans zygotes (hence named par for partitioning-defectiveness of zygotes after mutation of the genes) [9]. Subsequently, gr ...
File
... middle ear is separated from the brain only by a thin piece of bone in the roof of the tympanic cavity called the tegmen tympani (infection in the middle ear can spread through this bone and penetrate into the brain). The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx via the auditory tube or Eust ...
... middle ear is separated from the brain only by a thin piece of bone in the roof of the tympanic cavity called the tegmen tympani (infection in the middle ear can spread through this bone and penetrate into the brain). The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx via the auditory tube or Eust ...
Molecular Affinity and Permeability of Different Molecular Weight
... and coating materials. Chitosan, (1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-Dglucan, is a biopolymer derived from chitin. Due to the presence of an amino group at carbon-2 of its cellulose-like backbone, chitosan is a cationic polyelectrolyte and soluble in acidic media. As a new functional material, chitosan offers a ...
... and coating materials. Chitosan, (1-4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-Dglucan, is a biopolymer derived from chitin. Due to the presence of an amino group at carbon-2 of its cellulose-like backbone, chitosan is a cationic polyelectrolyte and soluble in acidic media. As a new functional material, chitosan offers a ...
Waite Study Guide for Quiz/Exam 1 Quiz 1
... Know what makes a fatty acid saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated; know examples of where these fats are found; be able to differentiate between these fats given a molecular ...
... Know what makes a fatty acid saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated; know examples of where these fats are found; be able to differentiate between these fats given a molecular ...
Full text, pdf
... While the PMF and SMF can be generated by several different enzymes (see below), the only enzyme capable of catalyzing PMF- or SMF-energized ATP synthesis is the membrane ATP synthase. Therefore the coupling ion specificity of the ATP synthase defines whether the organism relies on a Na+- or H+-type m ...
... While the PMF and SMF can be generated by several different enzymes (see below), the only enzyme capable of catalyzing PMF- or SMF-energized ATP synthesis is the membrane ATP synthase. Therefore the coupling ion specificity of the ATP synthase defines whether the organism relies on a Na+- or H+-type m ...
Universal Quantifier Derived from AFM Analysis Links Cellular
... measurements were repeated on mica surfaces before and after probing the bacteria samples to ensure minimal contamination of the silicon nitride AFM tip. A typical cell was identified by large scan size and low-resolution MAC (magnetic acoustic control) mode. The AFM tip was then repositioned over th ...
... measurements were repeated on mica surfaces before and after probing the bacteria samples to ensure minimal contamination of the silicon nitride AFM tip. A typical cell was identified by large scan size and low-resolution MAC (magnetic acoustic control) mode. The AFM tip was then repositioned over th ...
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signalling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures, including the cell wall, glycocalyx, and intracellular cytoskeleton. Cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.