A Review of Surface Analysis Techniques for the
... pharmaceuticals, clean fuels, etc., as well as pollution abatement technologies, have a common catalytic origin. As catalysis proceeds at the surface, it is of paramount importance to gain insight into the fundamental understanding of local surface chemistry, which in turn governs the catalytic perf ...
... pharmaceuticals, clean fuels, etc., as well as pollution abatement technologies, have a common catalytic origin. As catalysis proceeds at the surface, it is of paramount importance to gain insight into the fundamental understanding of local surface chemistry, which in turn governs the catalytic perf ...
Chapter 8 PowerPoint - Southeast Online
... • As we did with the pancakes, in order to determine the theoretical yield, we should use reaction stoichiometry to determine the amount of product each of our reactants could make. • The theoretical yield will always be the least possible amount of product. The theoretical yield will always come ...
... • As we did with the pancakes, in order to determine the theoretical yield, we should use reaction stoichiometry to determine the amount of product each of our reactants could make. • The theoretical yield will always be the least possible amount of product. The theoretical yield will always come ...
Derivatization - Sigma
... innovative derivatization reagents have been introduced for various detection methods, and many other products and pack sizes have been modified or eliminated. This new version of the derivatization guide includes up-to-date information on the available products. We strongly believe that this will s ...
... innovative derivatization reagents have been introduced for various detection methods, and many other products and pack sizes have been modified or eliminated. This new version of the derivatization guide includes up-to-date information on the available products. We strongly believe that this will s ...
Document
... • With base, the nucleophile is ¯OH, and the mechanism follows the usual two steps: nucleophilic attack followed by protonation. • The reaction rate increases in the presence of base because the base converts H2O into ¯OH, a stronger ...
... • With base, the nucleophile is ¯OH, and the mechanism follows the usual two steps: nucleophilic attack followed by protonation. • The reaction rate increases in the presence of base because the base converts H2O into ¯OH, a stronger ...
b - Gordon State College
... 3) Pick up any reactant, say A, and use the stoichiometry to calculate the required amount of the other reactant B. 4) Compare the required amount of B with the available amount of B. a) If required > available, then B is the limiting reagent and A is the excess reagent. b) If required < available, ...
... 3) Pick up any reactant, say A, and use the stoichiometry to calculate the required amount of the other reactant B. 4) Compare the required amount of B with the available amount of B. a) If required > available, then B is the limiting reagent and A is the excess reagent. b) If required < available, ...
Modern Synthetic Methods for Copper-Mediated C(aryl
... the transformation, whether stoichiometric or catalytic in nature. In each section, a survey of the reaction scope is also shown schematically: these “visual tables” can be used as a quick reference guide to search for first-attempt reaction conditions for a planned transformation. For clarity, in c ...
... the transformation, whether stoichiometric or catalytic in nature. In each section, a survey of the reaction scope is also shown schematically: these “visual tables” can be used as a quick reference guide to search for first-attempt reaction conditions for a planned transformation. For clarity, in c ...
Chapter 12
... 2 cups semisweet chocolate chips Makes 3 dozen If we had the specified amount of all ingredients listed, could we make 4 dozen cookies? What if we had 6 eggs and twice as much of everything else, could we make 9 dozen cookies? What if we only had one egg, could we make 3 dozen cookies? ...
... 2 cups semisweet chocolate chips Makes 3 dozen If we had the specified amount of all ingredients listed, could we make 4 dozen cookies? What if we had 6 eggs and twice as much of everything else, could we make 9 dozen cookies? What if we only had one egg, could we make 3 dozen cookies? ...
Chapter 1.4 Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols
... Classification of Alcohols Classification of alcohols is • determined by the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl. • primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary(3). ...
... Classification of Alcohols Classification of alcohols is • determined by the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl. • primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary(3). ...
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text
... Ethyl isopropyl ketone may be alternatively named 2-methyl-3-pentanone. Its longest continuous chain has five carbons. The carbonyl carbon is C-3 irrespective of the direction in which the chain is numbered, and so we choose the direction that gives the lower number to the position that bears the me ...
... Ethyl isopropyl ketone may be alternatively named 2-methyl-3-pentanone. Its longest continuous chain has five carbons. The carbonyl carbon is C-3 irrespective of the direction in which the chain is numbered, and so we choose the direction that gives the lower number to the position that bears the me ...
RUMPLE-DISSERTATION-2014 - SMARTech Home
... I would like to begin by thanking my advisors Dr. Charles Liotta and Dr. Charles Eckert. The opportunity to work with such skilled scientists and kind mentors is a rare one, and I am extremely glad I had the opportunity to learn from them. I have always been in awe of their brilliance (I’m pretty su ...
... I would like to begin by thanking my advisors Dr. Charles Liotta and Dr. Charles Eckert. The opportunity to work with such skilled scientists and kind mentors is a rare one, and I am extremely glad I had the opportunity to learn from them. I have always been in awe of their brilliance (I’m pretty su ...
1 Solutions 4a (Chapter 4 problems) Chem151 [Kua]
... (c) The second two parts of this problem involve stoichiometric calculations. The problem gives information about the amounts of both starting materials, so this is a limiting reactant situation. We must calculate the number of moles of each species, construct a table of amounts, and use the result ...
... (c) The second two parts of this problem involve stoichiometric calculations. The problem gives information about the amounts of both starting materials, so this is a limiting reactant situation. We must calculate the number of moles of each species, construct a table of amounts, and use the result ...
Copper-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions Using Carbon
... The successful completion of this thesis and degree would not be made possible without the support and assistance of a number of individuals whom I had the privilege of knowing. First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Chao-Jun Li for his support, guidance, and patience throughout my Ph.D. st ...
... The successful completion of this thesis and degree would not be made possible without the support and assistance of a number of individuals whom I had the privilege of knowing. First and foremost, I would like to thank Prof. Chao-Jun Li for his support, guidance, and patience throughout my Ph.D. st ...
Part I Carbohydrate Auxiliaries - Wiley-VCH
... The solvent has a strong impact on the direction of the stereoinduction. Stannic chloride in tetrahydrofuran or zinc chloride in isopropanol give α-aminonitriles with the (R) configuration with high diastereoselectivity [4a, b], while zinc chloride in chloroform reverses the direction of the asymmetr ...
... The solvent has a strong impact on the direction of the stereoinduction. Stannic chloride in tetrahydrofuran or zinc chloride in isopropanol give α-aminonitriles with the (R) configuration with high diastereoselectivity [4a, b], while zinc chloride in chloroform reverses the direction of the asymmetr ...
19.7 Reversible Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
... Selectivity with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 • NaBH4 is less reactive and hence more selective than LiAlH4 • LiAlH4 reacts with alkyl halides, alkyl tosylates, and nitro groups, but NaBH4 does not ...
... Selectivity with LiAlH4 and NaBH4 • NaBH4 is less reactive and hence more selective than LiAlH4 • LiAlH4 reacts with alkyl halides, alkyl tosylates, and nitro groups, but NaBH4 does not ...
New Stereoselective Approaches to Highly Substituted
... aldol reaction, originally developed by Kazmaier, as a highly diastereoselective method for the synthesis o f the cyclisadon precursors. Both acetylenic and a,f3-unsaturated aldehydes have been successfully utilised in this reaction to afford a variety o f 0 -hydroxy-a-amino ester precursors. This p ...
... aldol reaction, originally developed by Kazmaier, as a highly diastereoselective method for the synthesis o f the cyclisadon precursors. Both acetylenic and a,f3-unsaturated aldehydes have been successfully utilised in this reaction to afford a variety o f 0 -hydroxy-a-amino ester precursors. This p ...
Chapter 13 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
... • Such as ethyl ether CH3─CH2─O─CH2─CH3 were used for over a century, but caused nausea and were flammable. • Developed by 1960s were nonflammable. ...
... • Such as ethyl ether CH3─CH2─O─CH2─CH3 were used for over a century, but caused nausea and were flammable. • Developed by 1960s were nonflammable. ...
Chapter 12 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Sulfur
... Stereoisomers have identical molecular formulas, but they are not structural isomers. In stereoisomers, the atoms are bonded in the same sequence but differ in the way they are arranged in space. When stereoisomers have mirror images that are different, they are said to have “handedness.” ...
... Stereoisomers have identical molecular formulas, but they are not structural isomers. In stereoisomers, the atoms are bonded in the same sequence but differ in the way they are arranged in space. When stereoisomers have mirror images that are different, they are said to have “handedness.” ...
Silylation Overview - Sigma
... There have been numerous important developments in synthetical and analytical application since the first edition of “Silylating Agents” was published. Thus we decided to revise the first edition thoroughly and to bring it up to date. All literature till the end of 1993 was taken into consideration ...
... There have been numerous important developments in synthetical and analytical application since the first edition of “Silylating Agents” was published. Thus we decided to revise the first edition thoroughly and to bring it up to date. All literature till the end of 1993 was taken into consideration ...
Chem Soc Rev
... Conversion of methane is related to both the catalyst acidity and basicity, therefore activation of the C–H bond by a surface acid– base pair was proposed, which can be shown as follows: [Mn+ O2] + CH4 - [Mn+ CH3] + [O2 H+] ...
... Conversion of methane is related to both the catalyst acidity and basicity, therefore activation of the C–H bond by a surface acid– base pair was proposed, which can be shown as follows: [Mn+ O2] + CH4 - [Mn+ CH3] + [O2 H+] ...
Alkenes and Alkynes I
... ● Tertiary alcohols are usually so easily dehydrated that extremely mild conditions can be used. tert-Butyl alcohol, for example, dehydrates in 20% aqueous sulfuric acid at a temperature of 85°C ...
... ● Tertiary alcohols are usually so easily dehydrated that extremely mild conditions can be used. tert-Butyl alcohol, for example, dehydrates in 20% aqueous sulfuric acid at a temperature of 85°C ...
(omit), and Epoxides
... Synthesis of Epoxides – Halohydrin formation is both regioselective and stereoselective; for alkenes that show cis,trans isomerism, it is also stereospecific. – Conversion of a halohydrin to an epoxide is stereoselective: ...
... Synthesis of Epoxides – Halohydrin formation is both regioselective and stereoselective; for alkenes that show cis,trans isomerism, it is also stereospecific. – Conversion of a halohydrin to an epoxide is stereoselective: ...
Nucleophilic ring opening of aziridines
... One of the most useful applications of nucleophilic ring opening of aziridines with carbanions was demonstrated in stereo and regio-controlled synthesis of 3-amino-4-substituted piperidines in our laboratory recently.21 As shown in Scheme 3, piperidinyl aziridine 6 bearing an N-phosphonate activatin ...
... One of the most useful applications of nucleophilic ring opening of aziridines with carbanions was demonstrated in stereo and regio-controlled synthesis of 3-amino-4-substituted piperidines in our laboratory recently.21 As shown in Scheme 3, piperidinyl aziridine 6 bearing an N-phosphonate activatin ...
Co-production of furfural and easily hydrolysable residue from
... production of furfural and easily hydrolyzable cellulose, the degradation of sugar cane bagasse in a single aqueous system and in a 2methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF)/aqueous AlCl3 biphasic system was studied. In single aqueous system, the influence of acid species (FeCl3, HCl, and AlCl3) on furfural prod ...
... production of furfural and easily hydrolyzable cellulose, the degradation of sugar cane bagasse in a single aqueous system and in a 2methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF)/aqueous AlCl3 biphasic system was studied. In single aqueous system, the influence of acid species (FeCl3, HCl, and AlCl3) on furfural prod ...
Kinetic resolution
In organic chemistry, kinetic resolution is a means of differentiating two enantiomers in a racemic mixture. In kinetic resolution, two enantiomers react with different reaction rates in a chemical reaction with a chiral catalyst or reagent, resulting in an enantioenriched sample of the less reactive enantiomer. As opposed to chiral resolution, kinetic resolution does not rely on different physical properties of diastereomeric products, but rather on the different chemical properties of the racemic starting materials. This enantiomeric excess (ee) of the unreacted starting material continually rises as more product is formed, reaching 100% just before full completion of the reaction. Kinetic resolution relies upon differences in reactivity between enantiomers or enantiomeric complexes. Kinetic resolution is a concept in organic chemistry and can be used for the preparation of chiral molecules in organic synthesis. Kinetic resolution reactions utilizing purely synthetic reagents and catalysts are much less common than the use of enzymatic kinetic resolution in application towards organic synthesis, although a number of useful synthetic techniques have been developed in the past 30 years.