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NCEA Level 2 Biology (91159) 2015
NCEA Level 2 Biology (91159) 2015

... The expression of the genotype can be affected by the environmental conditions that exist internally or externally for an organism without the genotype itself being altered in any way. The genotype provides the instruction set for a particular protein or function, but this may not be able to be full ...
Protein Synthesis Notes
Protein Synthesis Notes

... Steps of Transcription: 1. The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a promoter on specific gene in DNA 2. DNA molecule in that region “unzips” 3. RNA nucleotides are paired to complementary bases on the DNA template strand ...
Molecular Genetics of Viruses
Molecular Genetics of Viruses

... 2. Promoter region- RNA polymerase attaches to this region to begin transcription. 3. Operator region- can block the action of the RNA polymerase if the region is occupied by a repressor protein. 4. Structural genes- DNA sequences that code for several related enzymes that direct the production of s ...
Genetics = science of heredity - Suffolk County Community College
Genetics = science of heredity - Suffolk County Community College

... change. Once mistake is fixed into the DNA the change is permanent. 1. Chemical mutagens (examples) A. Nitrous acid: converts A so it pairs with C instead of T ...
Biological Molecules Team – Game – Tournament Questions
Biological Molecules Team – Game – Tournament Questions

... 28.Name the lipid that has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. 29.Lipids with two fatty acid chains and a polar head are called …? 30.Fatty acids are saturated if they have/ have no double C=C bonds? 31.Name the lipid found primarily in cell and organelle membranes? 32.What is the monomer of prot ...
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... After 25 minutes, the lytic cycle of T-4 was complete with a burst size of 123. What is the resulting virus titer in ...
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How does every cell get a copy of DNA?

... The mRNA has extra “junk” code in it called introns. These introns are cut out and the good code (called exons) are put ...
3.1 Genes - Peoria Public Schools
3.1 Genes - Peoria Public Schools

... Alleles differ from each other by one or only a few bases. Deletions, insertions and frame shift mutations do New alleles are formed by mutation. not need to be included. The genome is the whole of the genetic information of an organism. The entire base sequence of human genes was sequenced in the H ...
Organic Molecules Notes
Organic Molecules Notes

... Substances found in every living organism that provide the instructions for development; includes DNA and RNA. ...
Genetic Engineering
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... This is a project being carried out to sequence the complete human genome – the complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA of all the genes of a human cell. This involves the collaborative work of scientists from all over the world, since there are 23 pairs of chromosomes and each contains huge numbers ...
Chapter 1 - TeacherWeb
Chapter 1 - TeacherWeb

... One gene / one polypeptide hypothesis. The central dogma of molecular biology DNA –transcription RNA –translation proteins Modified with discovery of reverse transcriptase (found in retroviruses) DNA ↔ RNA  proteins RNA’s and their functions: mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, SRP RNA, MicroRNA Genetic Cod ...
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Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

... • Chromosomes hold genes. Genes are made of DNA. A gene holds information that decides our colour of hair, colour of eyes etc. It also holds information for making proteins that may become enzymes or hormone for use within the body. ...
Genetics Review Questions
Genetics Review Questions

... 8. A hybrid gene pair is also referred to as heterozygous. 9. Offspring inherit one gene from each parent. 10. Pp has genes that are different and represent a hybrid organism. 11. The likelihood that an event may or may not take place is called probability. 12. What is the probability that a child w ...
Lecture 1: Fundamentals of Protein Structure
Lecture 1: Fundamentals of Protein Structure

... Primary sequence reveals important clues about a protein • Evolution conserves amino acids that are important to protein structure and function across species. Sequence comparison of multiple “homologs” of a particular protein reveals highly conserved regions that are important for function. • Clus ...
Genetic Defects in Beef Cattle
Genetic Defects in Beef Cattle

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... The process which relates to the Which RNA is fact that more read to determine than one codon, the amino acid codes for an amino acid mRNA ...
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Bi 12 Biological Molecules Current.pptx

... ¨  occurs when two or more proteins are joined together to form a protein complex. ¨  Held together by hydrogen bonds or disulphide bridges ...
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... 3.Arrangement of DNA: allows the generation of 109-1011 different immunoglobulins from a single gene, providing the diversity needed for recognition of an enormous number of antigens ...
BIOLOGY B: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE.2016 This study guide
BIOLOGY B: FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE.2016 This study guide

...  Know these other kinds of inheritance o Multiple alleles o Polygenic interitance o Influence of the environment on inheritance o Sex linkage  Know the method of inheritance of the human diseases in this chapter  Be able to interpret a simple pedigree  Meiosis and its stages Ch 12 ...
Topic 6: Genetics Page 1
Topic 6: Genetics Page 1

... (4) The sex of the zygote is determined by DNA in the gametes. 6. In watermelon plants the allele for solid green fruit (G) is dominant over the allele for striped fruit (g). Pollen from a flower of a homozygous green watermelon plant is used to pollinate a flower from a heterozygous green watermelo ...
1. (TCO 3) How is work related to energy? (Points : 10) Work is
1. (TCO 3) How is work related to energy? (Points : 10) Work is

... replication, causing an extra pair in the new DNA. Deletion refers to a base pair being “skipped” and hence not included in the newly replicated DNA. This is in effect the opposite of duplication. A point mutation is the replacement of a single nucleotide with another nucleotide. This could be the i ...
Mutations
Mutations

... caveats of evolution was “how are new genes formed?” If an old gene is changed to something new, well that’s fine but you have now LOST the original function… how does evolution ADD (rather than substitute) information? By duplicating genes that work, then modifying them by mutation and creating a n ...
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... 1. Chromosome– bacteria have one chromosome, and it consists of DNA in a double helix in a closed loop. This chromosome occupies about ½ of the total volume of the bacterial cell, and if extended its full length, is about 1.5 mm long. In order for all of this DNA to fit inside a microscopic bacteria ...
DNA notes
DNA notes

... are several ways to do this. Most of the molecular work has been done using plasmids (they are partition into daughter cells too) and we will look at that closely when we discuss plasmids later. •For now look at the system that partitions the plasmids called P1 and F. This are single copy plasmids a ...
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Point mutation



A point mutation, or single base modification, is a type of mutation that causes a single nucleotide base change, insertion, or deletion of the genetic material, DNA or RNA. The term frameshift mutation indicates the addition or deletion of a base pair. A point mutant is an individual that is affected by a point mutation.Repeat induced point mutations are recurring point mutations, discussed below.
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