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Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus

... complex spectral patterns produced by directionally dependent filtering in the external ear (Young et al. 1992; Imig et al. 2000). These so-called head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) convey information about sound localization (e.g. in the cat, Musicant et al. 1990; Rice et al. 1992). Thus one h ...
Central Nervous System Side Effects of First- and Second
Central Nervous System Side Effects of First- and Second

... sensitivity of this study was increased by using this dose, which is the minimal recommended dose for chlorpheniramine, so as to ensure that we could detect even mild sedative effects of cetirizine. All of these suggest that cetirizine 10 mg is at least mildly sedating in children aged 7 to 14 years ...
Mechanisms of resistance in CML
Mechanisms of resistance in CML

... Alternative signalling pathway activation Epigenetic modification ...
pdf
pdf

... frequency and bandwidth [24]. One possibility might be that the auditory cortex only codes for tinnitus intensity discrimination [46], and since both groups are characterized by the same VAS intensity scores, subtracting the two groups results in an absence of activation. Yet, another methodological ...
Electrolytic lesion of globus pallidus ameliorates the behavioral and
Electrolytic lesion of globus pallidus ameliorates the behavioral and

... astrocytes. To quantify the size of the striatal lesion, images of coronal brain sections that contained the core of the lesions were captured for computer assisted image analysis. Striatal lesion size and the size of dorsal striatum on the right and left hemispheres were measured for each rat. The ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of

... change firing rates across sleep and wake, although pattern of firing does, contributing to higher dopaminergic release during wakefulness in the prefrontal cortex. The suprachiasmatic nucleus, the master biological clock, is located close to the optic chiasma, and receives retinal input. Time of the ...
AINR
AINR

... measurements of temporal lobe structures in order to validate the usefulness of this fully automated and unbiased technique in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and semantic dementia (SD). In AD, ROI analyses appear more sensitive to volume loss in the amygdalae, whereas VBM analyses appear more sensitive to ...
Clinically oriented anatomy of the brainstem
Clinically oriented anatomy of the brainstem

... _ (A) Caudal part of the pyramidal decussation _ (B) Lateral corticospinal tract on the left _ (C) Pyramids bilaterally _ (D) Pyramid on the right _ (E) Rostral part of the pyramidal decussation Duane E. Haines: Neuroanatomy. An Atlas of Structures, Sections,and Systems. 6th ed. ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex

... showed directly that when aligning the tuning curve of voxels to their PD (defined as the direction in which activation was highest) there was a gradual decrease in activation, as direction was farther away from that PD. (2) I used multi-voxel pattern analysis to show that spatial patterns of activa ...
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement
The Neural Basis of Human Error Processing: Reinforcement

... function we ascribe to the error-processing system underlying the ERN. Specifically, the model adopts a reinforcement learning algorithm, the method of temporal differences, that has previously been used by others to describe the activity of the mesencephalic dopamine system. Within this framework, ...
Isha Humagain Gaustabbo Ibrra March 31, 2014 Research paper
Isha Humagain Gaustabbo Ibrra March 31, 2014 Research paper

... Nicotine causes elevation of mood. This is the principal reason for nicotine causing addiction. The nicotine absorbed by a smoker reaches the brain via blood. This leads to numerous chemical reactions in the brain and causes feeling of high. It lasts for a short span. Once the nicotine level decline ...
The single dendritic branch as a fundamental
The single dendritic branch as a fundamental

... provide direct feedback inhibition to rod bipolar cells, and within a single branch, activation of L-type calcium channels that supports GABA release is restricted to 10 mm, allowing fast synapse-specific and independent feedback, a process partially regulated by BK potassium channels [30]. Apart f ...
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CETRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND  PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER 
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CETRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND  PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER 

... flare, and purities2. Phenylpropanolamine is chemically (1R, 2S)‐2‐ amino‐1‐phenyl‐propan‐1‐ol3.  Phenylpropanolamine  (PPA),  a  sympathomimetic  agent  structurally  similar  to  pseudoephedrine,  is  used  to  treat  nasal  congestion.  Phenylpropanolamine  acts  directly on alpha  receptor and t ...
Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation
Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation

... At electrical synapses, gap junctions between pre- and postsynaptic membranes permit current to flow passively through intercellular channels. This current flow initiates or inhibits generation of postsynaptic action potentials. (B) Chemical synapses are slower but exhibit gain (strengthening signal ...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy

... transient. As a result, Gd only causes MS lesions to enhance for two to six weeks after they become detectable by conventional MRI 66; 68. Thus, a useful role for Gd-enhanced T 1-weighted imaging is to help distinguish recently-appearing, inflammatory lesions from ones that are more chronic (and no ...
fullcvenglish_tmavromous
fullcvenglish_tmavromous

... work of the group on virgin olive oil adulteration is worthy of note”). LMA is involved in both activities. 8. Reference of my research activity on peptidomimetism by the company Synergix Ltd in the software of «Molecular Conceptor”. A chapter is written on the synthesis of Bioactive Molecules with ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus

... Ablation experiments in monkey have established that inferior temporal cortex is critical for normal visual pattern recogThe costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked “advertisement” in accordance with 18 U. ...
The pharmacotherapy of smoking cessation
The pharmacotherapy of smoking cessation

... Seizures are the major side effect of concern. When bupropion was initially used as an antidepressant, the seizure rate was one in 1000, similar to that with other antidepressant medications. With the slow-release formulation used for smoking cessation, seizures are even less common, but warnings as ...
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography

... and the periphery, up to ~ 80 ° of eccentricity, are well represented. There is a prevailing representation of the lower visual ®eld with respect to the upper one. The reasons for the under-representation of the upper visual ®eld, particularly for its central part, will be discussed later on in this ...
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area
Supplementary Motor Area and Presupplementary Motor Area

... cerebellar projections to two cortical areas on the medial wall of the hemisphere, the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the pre-SMA. We found that both of these cortical areas are the targets of disynaptic projections from the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum and from the internal segment of the ...
The Effect of Alcohol on Brain Reward
The Effect of Alcohol on Brain Reward

... cocaine on ICSS than controls (Malanga et al., 2007b); …are more sensitive to the reward-potentiating effects of selective dopaminergic agonists (Malanga et al., 2007b); … demonstrate robust neuroanatomical, behavioral and neurochemical changes that persist into adult life; … provide a model for som ...
FULL TEXT PDF - Neuroendocrinology Letters
FULL TEXT PDF - Neuroendocrinology Letters

... attention because such work may be considered as providing proxy data for similar investigations conducted upon long extinct species. Indeed, the fossil record reveals little anatomical difference between those hagfish living 300 million years ago and their modern descendants. Accordingly, the hagfi ...
Cauda Equina Syndrome and Nitric Oxide Synthase
Cauda Equina Syndrome and Nitric Oxide Synthase

... the compression of lower lumbar and sacral nerve roots on vascular and neural anatomy, cortical evoked potentials, impairment of impulse propagation and changes in neurotransmitters. In addition, correlative behavioral, neurological, neurophysiological and morphological analyses have been performed. ...
Inhaled phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors restore chloride transport in cystic fibrosis mice
Inhaled phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors restore chloride transport in cystic fibrosis mice

... Sildenafil and vardenafil did not influence transepithelial sodium transport. Indeed, basal PDmax values and amiloride response were not modified 1 h after nebulisation with the drugs as compared to placebo (fig. 3). The correcting effect of vardenafil lasted o8 h, while that of sildenafil was progr ...
Quantification of transient increase of the blood–brain barrier
Quantification of transient increase of the blood–brain barrier

... because of their potential clinical benefits. More recently, mAbs conjugated with radioisotopes, or radioimmunotherapy, administered into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have proven safe in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment of leptomeningeal cancers (one type of brain cancer), and the patient ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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