• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
PDF
PDF

... eminence (MGE) and migrate tangentially to reach the striatal anlage (Marin et al., 2000; Nobrega-Pereira et al., 2008; Olsson et al., 1995). Despite their crucial role in striatal function, the lineage relationship of the two main SIN subtypes and the molecular mechanisms that specify their distinc ...
Motor Cognition and Mental Simulation
Motor Cognition and Mental Simulation

... representations when we observe a movement or an action and when we produce the corresponding movement or action ourselves. The existence of these shared representations suggests that mental simulations are particularly useful for reasoning about possible actions that you or someone else could take. ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a

... science is somewhat saltatory, the jumps typically following new technological developments. In between occur periods of often intense and necessary, but slower, progress. These intervening periods were best characterized by one of my mentors, who said, “the nuggets have been mined, now we are left ...
Opioids for Pain in the Elderly
Opioids for Pain in the Elderly

... acetaminophen to ≤4g/day (ideally ≤3.2g/day) to reduce hepatic risk2 . The  caffeine content of some products may be problematic (stimulation, diuresis).  Š adverse effects (e.g. constipation) may be more common than other opioids  Š metabolized by CYP‐2D6; less effective in patients with reduced me ...
The parental couple relationship in child and adolescent mental health
The parental couple relationship in child and adolescent mental health

... memory and synaptic plasticity [8]. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that the alterations in miRNAs expression have potential contributions to AD pathophysiology [9]. Hebert et al. investigated alterations in miRNA expression profiles of patients with AD and recognized the miR-29a/ 29b-1 clu ...
PDF - Computational neuroscience of action control
PDF - Computational neuroscience of action control

... DA cells during extinction of the previously conditioned associations using two paradigms, “cues only” and “solenoid only.” In the cues-only paradigm the same cue tone as used in the signaled reward paradigm was delivered from the speaker at pseudorandom intervals, but with no solenoid activation. T ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal

... Salt 1998) projections. For this reason we explored a range of synaptic strengths for this synapse spanning two orders of magnitude and examined the effect of these strengths on model behavior (see Fig. 8D). As more is learned about the myriad pathways that impinge upon the TRN, this model may be re ...
Movement disorders
Movement disorders

... were initiated with levodopa, a precursor of dopamine. Levodopa is routinely administered in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa or benserazide) to prevent its peripheral metabolism to dopamine and the development of nausea and vomiting levodopa is still the most potent ...
Spiking Phineas Gage: A Neurocomputational Theory of Cognitive
Spiking Phineas Gage: A Neurocomputational Theory of Cognitive

... from the VMPFC and the hippocampus with emotional information from the amygdala. Consistent with A. Damasio’s (1994) somatic-marker hypothesis, our model indicates that the VMPFC and the amygdala interact to produce emotional signals (i.e., somatic markers) indicating expected outcomes and that thes ...
Effects of Social Interaction and Warm Ambient
Effects of Social Interaction and Warm Ambient

... experimental conditions (Baumann et al, 2012; Aarde et al, 2013; Fantegrossi et al, 2013; Merluzzi et al, 2013). Repeated methylone (3–10 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) injections increase core temperature in rats (Baumann et al, 2012), but such elevations are less than those induced by MDMA. MDPV is ...
interaction: the nervous and endocrine systems
interaction: the nervous and endocrine systems

... a neuron is s+mulated, some electrical changes originate in the membrane and these transmit the electric signal from the dendrites towards the axon. Neurons are not isolated. They work with one another to establish connec+ons called synapses. vesicles ...
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.
PLoS Biol. 2016 Oct 10.

... Because songbirds use auditory feedback to learn their songs, it is crucial to understand in which cell populations this feedback is processed and conveyed to motor areas such as HVC. In HVC projection neurons, there are no traces of auditory feedback responses during singing, not even subthreshold ...
Solanum pubescens Willd., PARACETAMOL INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS  Research Article
Solanum pubescens Willd., PARACETAMOL INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALBINO RATS Research Article

... Antioxidants Oxidative stress, defined as “the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants potentially leading to damage” has been suggested to be the cause of aging and various diseases in humans [1]. Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging free rad ...
Topical Corticosteroids: Making Sense of the Options
Topical Corticosteroids: Making Sense of the Options

... prescribing decisions are based on differences in potency, formulation, side-effect profile, patient factors, and the intended use. Here we will review what distinguishes currently available agents and how prescribing patterns are evolving based on new options and new understandings of the importanc ...
COGNITIVE LEVELS OF EVOLUTION
COGNITIVE LEVELS OF EVOLUTION

... The present definition of knowledge and control can in fact also be interpreted as a definition of goals or values. The "vicarious selector" can be interpreted as an evaluation criterion for actions, which provides a general direction for the behavior of the system. The ultimate goal or value in thi ...
Publication PDF
Publication PDF

... product innovation—a model that has prevailed for over half a century. For most of the FDA’s history, medicine and device development became increasingly national in scope, while data sharing among medical practitioners remained limited. Because of such limited communication among practitioners, pro ...
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison
The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison

... dendritic fields was circularly symmetrical in the dimension tangential to the cortical layers, there were significant biases in complexity, with dendritic branches tending to cluster along particular axes. Sholl analysis revealed that the dendritic fields of neurons in areas MT, LIPv and 7a were si ...
Dextromethorphan – DXM – Triple C By Cardwell C. Nuckols, PhD
Dextromethorphan – DXM – Triple C By Cardwell C. Nuckols, PhD

... Pre-teens, teenagers, and young adults are increasingly getting high by using OTC medications in ways they were not intended. These practices, called “pharming,” include drinking cough syrup and taking in pill or tablet form large amounts of OTC cough medicine (Forreal, 2003). Cough and cold medicat ...
Quantitative Rationalization of Gemfibrozil Drug Interactions
Quantitative Rationalization of Gemfibrozil Drug Interactions

... involving inhibition of multiple transporters and cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) by parent and a circulating metabolite, gemfibrozil 1-O-b-glucuronide (Gem-Glu). Cerivastatin was withdrawn from the worldwide market in 2001 because of a higher incidence of fatal rhabdomyolysis linked to increased expos ...
Benzodiazepines - a quick guide to drugs and alcohol
Benzodiazepines - a quick guide to drugs and alcohol

... blood stream. Injected benzodiazepines have an almost immediate effect. Like other depressants, benzodiazepines affect both physical and mental performance, reducing coordination, slowing reaction times and impairing memory. There is increased risk of accidents and falling, and impairment of perform ...
Product Monograph - Paladin Labs Inc.
Product Monograph - Paladin Labs Inc.

... Amphetamines have been subject to extensive abuse. Tolerance, extreme psychological dependence, and severe social disability can occur. Patients have been reported to increase their dosage to many times the recommended level. The smallest possible amount of the drug should be prescribed or dispensed ...
$doc.title

... blood stream. Injected benzodiazepines have an almost immediate effect. Like other depressants, benzodiazepines affect both physical and mental performance, reducing coordination, slowing reaction times and impairing memory. There is increased risk of accidents and falling, and impairment of perform ...
A Diagnostic and treatment approach to Central Nervous System
A Diagnostic and treatment approach to Central Nervous System

... • “Clues” to what organisms are causing the infection • Different organisms (microbes) effect different kinds of patients ( age, immune status, behaviors/ exposures, community Vs hosp/ post-op) • Guessing the organism before the microbiology test results ( might take days – weeks), will help pick th ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
Normalization as a canonical neural computation

... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
Chaotic Balanced State in a Model of Cortical Circuits
Chaotic Balanced State in a Model of Cortical Circuits

... is only of the order of K excitatory inputs. Thus, the network will saturate unless a dynamically developed balance between the excitatory inputs and the inhibitory inputs to a cell emerges. Indeed, our analytical solution of the model in the limit of large network size shows that in a broad range o ...
< 1 ... 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 ... 1329 >

Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report