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... ginseng which is dried only •History •Chemistry-ginsenosides, a series of steroid glycosides. The ratio of these differ between Panax sp. ...
Medicinal plants: Traditions of yesterday and drugs
Medicinal plants: Traditions of yesterday and drugs

... Plants have provided man with all his needs in terms of shelter, clothing, food, flavours and fragrances as not the least, medicines. Plants have formed the basis of sophisticated traditional medicine systems among which are Ayurvedic, Unani, Chinese amongst others. These systems of medicine have giv ...
Lambda, J.K., et al. 2002. Genetic contribution to variable human
Lambda, J.K., et al. 2002. Genetic contribution to variable human

... (CYP3 A7*1 C allele). This mutational swap confers increased gene transcription due to an enhanced interaction between activated PXR:RXRa complex and its cognate response element (ER-6). The genetic basis for polymorphic expression of CYP3A5 and CYP3A7 has now been established. Moreover, the substra ...
Anti-Idiotype Antibodies
Anti-Idiotype Antibodies

... Not inhibitory Detects total drug (free, partially bound, fully bound) ...
Chap 15 Powerpoint
Chap 15 Powerpoint

... and ganglia forming an independent nerve network within the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The ...
ECG Manifestations: The Poisoned Patient
ECG Manifestations: The Poisoned Patient

... this outward movement of potassium ions [3]. Blockade of the outward potassium currents by drugs may prolong the cardiac cycle action potential (Fig. 1) [4]. As a result, the primary electrocardiographic manifestation of potassium efflux blocker toxicity is QT interval prolongation. In fact, studies s ...
Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to
Biomechanical and neurophysiological mechanisms related to

... tension variation, but only a combination of afferent inputs can provide the necessary information to control body equilibrium (Dietz, 1996). The role of proprioceptive information from ankle muscles has been highlighted in various studies (Fitzpatrick et al., 1994; Fitzpatrick et al., 1992a; Gatev ...
The mouth–nose biologically closed electric circuit in zinc lozenge
The mouth–nose biologically closed electric circuit in zinc lozenge

... prophylaxis of the common cold’, which was published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine [1]. The immuno­logical mechanisms of action of zinc that they cited appear correct and it is also true that they are of a delayed nature. However, they probably cannot alone account for the rapid therapeut ...
Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine
Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine

... 1.1. Recreational use of DMT Most hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 2,5-dimethoxy-4- methylamphetamine (DOM) cause sensory distortion, depersonalization at high doses, and at least one (N,Ndiisopropyltryptamine, DiPT) causes auditory distortions, whereas some compounds such ...
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Stimulants

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Pharmacologic_Agents_and_QT_interval_Pro... 3438KB Apr 30
Pharmacologic_Agents_and_QT_interval_Pro... 3438KB Apr 30

... drugs.i.e. quinidine, disopyramide & procainamide. • Others such as d,l,-sotalol prolong QT and induce TdP at incidence directly proportionate to their concentration until potassium ch’s completely blocked. ...
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Michael Barry Michael Barry - Irish Pharmaceutical Healthcare
Michael Barry Michael Barry - Irish Pharmaceutical Healthcare

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Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in

... provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying, for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To analyze the role of BDNF transport in AD, live cell imaging of fluorescently labeled BDNF was performed in hippocampal neurons of different AD model systems. BDNF and APP colocalized with low incidence ...
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A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the

... neuron is excitatory, wEI or wEE is the weight for AMPA-mediated currents. An NMDA receptor (NMDAr)-dependent current is added whose weight wn is 20% of the AMPA synapse. The synaptic weights are drawn from a Gaussian distribution with a variance of 20% of the mean. These parameters allow a reliable ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
What can mice tell us about how vision works?

... perceptual level, focusing on the opportunities and constraints those features provide toward the goal of understanding how vision works. Studying vision in mice: the blind leading the blind? Understanding how the brain gives rise to the experience of sight is an important and fundamental question t ...
Pharmacological Treatments for PTSD and Comorbid Disorders
Pharmacological Treatments for PTSD and Comorbid Disorders

... What this slide basically shows is our current model about the amygdala from a neuropharmacological perspective and as you can see there are three different neurons in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala where a medication might make a difference in reducing PTSD symptoms. On the one hand (the far l ...
Impact of amiodarone and cisapride on simulated human ventricular
Impact of amiodarone and cisapride on simulated human ventricular

... Both drugs show similar prolongation of the QT interval, although they present different electrophysiological properties in the single-cell as well as in tissue simulations of cardiac excitation propagation. These computer simulations help to better understand the underlying mechanisms responsible f ...
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Triphala

... (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6sulphonic acid (ABTS) antioxidant and radio protecting ability of Triphala arise from the polyphenols, which reduce oxidative stress by converting the reactive oxygen free radicals to non-reactive products. In another study Naik et al. revealed that ...
Investigating the role of benzodiazepines in drug-related
Investigating the role of benzodiazepines in drug-related

... of benzodiazepine-type drugs can be affected, with higher doses, the use of short-acting drugs and/or co-morbid mental health problems being associated with such adverse effects. At normal doses diazepam and other benzodiazepines have been shown to have arrhythmic effects on the heart, causing abnor ...
Unusual ultrastructural findings in dendrites of pyramidal
Unusual ultrastructural findings in dendrites of pyramidal

... scarce. This work had the aim of studying the ultrastructure of dendrites in cortical pyramidal neurons of rabies-infected mice. Mice were inoculated intramuscularly with a street rabies virus of canine origin. The animals that showed an advanced stage of disease were fixed by perfusion with glutara ...
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(Benth.) K. Schum. stem bark in a

... initially available throughout the maze but was gradually restricted to the food cup. The animals were trained for 4 days to run to the end of the arms and consume the bait. To evaluate the basal activity of rats in radial eight arm-maze, the rats were given one training trial per day to run to the ...
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal
Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesion in the Basal

... in the brain. However, hyperkinetic movement disorders are relatively rare even when the basal ganglia are markedly damaged. This observation might be explained by individual susceptibility and brain plasticity. The basal ganglia network might be composed of parallel processing and have a compensato ...
The peripheral nervous system-
The peripheral nervous system-

... Thoenen, 1985). Thus, although the glial scar presents a physical environment that is not conducive to extensive axon growth, mature mammalian astrocytes may restrict axon regeneration by specific mechanisms that have yet to be fully described. Recent findings by Schwab and associates have indicated ...
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue
Hippocampal mechanisms for the context-dependent retrieval of episodes 2005 Special issue

... As the virtual rat moves through the environment, sensory input to the model identifies its current location (behavioral state) and indicates food reward when it is received. At each location, the hippocampal model retrieves the prior episode experienced at that location, and provides this informati ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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