ORGANIC REACTIONS 11 MARCH 2014 Lesson
... Substitution reactions occur when one or more atom in the organic molecule is substituted with another atom or group of atoms. Substitution reactions can only occur with single bonds, i.e. a hydrogen in an alkane is replaced with a halogen. Types of substitution reactions: ...
... Substitution reactions occur when one or more atom in the organic molecule is substituted with another atom or group of atoms. Substitution reactions can only occur with single bonds, i.e. a hydrogen in an alkane is replaced with a halogen. Types of substitution reactions: ...
Exam 3 Review
... It is particularly important to study and do the problems for the following sections: ...
... It is particularly important to study and do the problems for the following sections: ...
Chapter 18 - Aldehydes and Ketones
... For weak nucleophile, H2O, ROH and others, a strong acid is required to activate the carbonyl via the protonation of the oxygen. This is simply because the nucleophile is not strong enough to attack the electrophilic carbon. An example of this is the hydration of a ketone. ...
... For weak nucleophile, H2O, ROH and others, a strong acid is required to activate the carbonyl via the protonation of the oxygen. This is simply because the nucleophile is not strong enough to attack the electrophilic carbon. An example of this is the hydration of a ketone. ...
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes: Relative Stability of
... E2 reactions often favor trans over cis. The E2 reaction can lead to cis/trans alkene mixtures, in some cases with selectivity. ...
... E2 reactions often favor trans over cis. The E2 reaction can lead to cis/trans alkene mixtures, in some cases with selectivity. ...
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
... It is a disproportionation reaction that takes place on aldehydes with no H atoms on the αcarbon. E.g. methanal is in the presence of NaOH simultaneously oxidised to ………………….. and reduced to……………………. 2 HCHO 2 C6H5CHO 3. Reactions on the α -carbon a. halogenation α - halogenocompounds CH3COCH3 ...
... It is a disproportionation reaction that takes place on aldehydes with no H atoms on the αcarbon. E.g. methanal is in the presence of NaOH simultaneously oxidised to ………………….. and reduced to……………………. 2 HCHO 2 C6H5CHO 3. Reactions on the α -carbon a. halogenation α - halogenocompounds CH3COCH3 ...
Lecture 15a - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... • The structure on the left is the major contributor because both atoms have an octet in this resonance structure (m=0.122 D). • The lone pair of the carbon atom is located in a sp-orbital, which means that it is very basic. HOMO ...
... • The structure on the left is the major contributor because both atoms have an octet in this resonance structure (m=0.122 D). • The lone pair of the carbon atom is located in a sp-orbital, which means that it is very basic. HOMO ...
Acyl Anions Derived from Enol Ethers
... Reversal of carbonyl group polarity (Umpolung) The carbonyl group is electrophilic at the carbon atom and hence is susceptible to attack by nucleophilic reagents. Thus, the carbonyl group reacts as a formyl cation or as an acyl cation. A reversal of the positive polarity of the carbonyl group so it ...
... Reversal of carbonyl group polarity (Umpolung) The carbonyl group is electrophilic at the carbon atom and hence is susceptible to attack by nucleophilic reagents. Thus, the carbonyl group reacts as a formyl cation or as an acyl cation. A reversal of the positive polarity of the carbonyl group so it ...
Lecture #
... This is a list of topics we will be covering to help you in preparation for exams. Topics from Clayden are indicated clearly by chapter and page numbers where necessary. Topics NOT from Clayden are listed in italics. PLTL topics are in CAPS. This document will be updated throughout the term. The goa ...
... This is a list of topics we will be covering to help you in preparation for exams. Topics from Clayden are indicated clearly by chapter and page numbers where necessary. Topics NOT from Clayden are listed in italics. PLTL topics are in CAPS. This document will be updated throughout the term. The goa ...
Solution Key - Chemistry With BT
... Explain your reasoning (you may wish to refer to the factors stabilizing the transition state) The transition state resembles a tetra-substituted alkene (the most stable); therefore the Ea is the lowest and the rate of the reaction is the fastest ...
... Explain your reasoning (you may wish to refer to the factors stabilizing the transition state) The transition state resembles a tetra-substituted alkene (the most stable); therefore the Ea is the lowest and the rate of the reaction is the fastest ...
Exam 1
... (i) Starting with t-butyl alcohol, show the reaction mechanism to produce an ether in acidic conditions. What is the name of this ether? (ii) Starting with sodium t-butoxide and bromoethane, show the reaction mechanism required to produce an ether in basic reaction conditions. What is the name of th ...
... (i) Starting with t-butyl alcohol, show the reaction mechanism to produce an ether in acidic conditions. What is the name of this ether? (ii) Starting with sodium t-butoxide and bromoethane, show the reaction mechanism required to produce an ether in basic reaction conditions. What is the name of th ...
Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction
... Elimination Reactions Elimination reactions, in which two groups are removed from a molecule, not being replaced by another group, are the reverse of addition reactions. Usually they involve the loss of two substituents from vicinal atoms resulting in the formation of a double or triple bond. Most c ...
... Elimination Reactions Elimination reactions, in which two groups are removed from a molecule, not being replaced by another group, are the reverse of addition reactions. Usually they involve the loss of two substituents from vicinal atoms resulting in the formation of a double or triple bond. Most c ...
Protecting Groups Introduction to Carbonyl
... Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry; Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Reduction Protecting Groups Solving this problem requires a three-step strategy: [1] Convert the OH group into another functional group that does not interfere with the desired reaction. This new blocking group is called a p ...
... Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry; Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Reduction Protecting Groups Solving this problem requires a three-step strategy: [1] Convert the OH group into another functional group that does not interfere with the desired reaction. This new blocking group is called a p ...
Elimination reactions under acidic conditions
... product is produced more, which is the left most product due to the maximum amount of sigma bonds. ...
... product is produced more, which is the left most product due to the maximum amount of sigma bonds. ...
Carbonyl The carbonyl function, C=O, exists in a number of organic
... bond such that the carbon atom has positive character and the oxygen atom has negative character. The positive carbon atom is electrophilic and is responsible for much of the observed chemistry, such as acidity of alpha hydrogens and nucleophic reactions at the carbonyl. If florine atoms are located ...
... bond such that the carbon atom has positive character and the oxygen atom has negative character. The positive carbon atom is electrophilic and is responsible for much of the observed chemistry, such as acidity of alpha hydrogens and nucleophic reactions at the carbonyl. If florine atoms are located ...
doc CHEM 222 Lab exam with Answers
... temperature and then allowing them to come back out of solution. 2.__T___ The purpose of refluxing is to carry out a reaction at the boiling point of the solvent. 3.__F___ All chemical reactions must take place in solution. 4.__T___ When a carbene is formed in the presence of an alkene, a cyclopropa ...
... temperature and then allowing them to come back out of solution. 2.__T___ The purpose of refluxing is to carry out a reaction at the boiling point of the solvent. 3.__F___ All chemical reactions must take place in solution. 4.__T___ When a carbene is formed in the presence of an alkene, a cyclopropa ...